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Marang-rang a thibetsoeng: Ha tšokelo ea ho khaoha e fetoha sebetsa

Linaha tse ngata li lula li thibela batho ho kena libakeng tse ling tsa libaka tsa bona le baahi ba tsona e le hore li ka otla le ho laola baahi ba tsona.

Author:
Lebitso la sengoli
Quantumrun Ponelopele
October 31, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Molao oa machaba oa litokelo tsa botho o amohela hore phihlello ea Marang-rang e fetohile tokelo ea mantlha, ho kenyeletsoa le tokelo ea ho e sebelisa bakeng sa kopano ea khotso. Leha ho le joalo, linaha tse ngata li ntse li thibela batho ho kena Inthaneteng. Lithibelo tsena li kenyelletsa ho koaloa ha marang-rang ho tloha ho khaollo e pharalletseng ea marang-rang le marang-rang ho ea ho litšitiso tse ling tsa marang-rang, joalo ka ho thibela lits'ebeletso kapa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng, ho kenyeletsoa liforomo tsa litaba tsa sechaba le lits'ebetso tsa melaetsa.

Boemo ba Marang-rang bo thibetsoeng

Bonyane ho bile le litšitiso tsa Marang-rang tse tšehelitsoeng ke mmuso tse 768 linaheng tse fetang 60 ho tloha 2016, ho latela lintlha tse tsoang mokhatlong o seng oa mmuso #KeepItOn Coalition. Ho koaloa ha marang-rang ho ka bang 190 ho sitisitse likopano tse nang le khotso, 'me likhetho tse 55 li bile teng. Ho feta moo, ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2019 ho isa Mots'eanong 2021, ho bile le liketsahalo tse ling tse 79 tsa ho koaloa ho amanang le boipelaetso, ho kenyeletsoa le likhetho tse ngata linaheng tse kang Benin, Belarus, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Uganda le Kazakhstan.

Ka 2021, mekhatlo e sa etseng phaello, Access Now le #KeepItOn e ile ea tlaleha linyeoe tse 182 tsa ho koaloa ho pholletsa le linaha tse 34 ha li bapisoa le li- shutdown tse 159 lichabeng tse 29 tse tlalehiloeng ka 2020. Keketseho e tšosang e bontšitse kamoo mokhoa ona oa taolo ea sechaba o seng o hatella (le o tloaelehileng) hakae. Ka ketso e le 'ngoe, e tiileng, mebuso ea bolaoli e ka arola batho ba eona ho laola litaba tseo ba li fumanang hamolemo.

Mehlala ke ba boholong Ethiopia, Myanmar le India ba ileng ba koala lits'ebeletso tsa bona tsa Marang-rang ka 2021 ho felisa bohanyetsi le ho fumana matla a lipolotiki holim'a baahi ba bona. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, libomo tsa Israele sebakeng sa Gaza li ile tsa senya litora tsa mehala tsa mehala tse ts'ehetsang meaho ea bohlokoa ea puisano le likamore tsa litaba bakeng sa Al Jazeera le Associated Press.

Ho sa le joalo, mebuso linaheng tse 22 e ile ea lekanyetsa mekhoa e mengata ea puisano. Mohlala, Pakistan, ba boholong ba thibetse ho kena ho Facebook, Twitter le TikTok pele ho boipelaetso bo reriloeng bo khahlanong le mmuso. Linaheng tse ling, ba boholong ba ile ba ea hole le ho feta ka ho thibela ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang a ikemetseng (VPN) kapa ho thibela phihlello ho bona.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ka 2021, Special Rapporteur Clement Voule o ile a tlaleha Lekhotleng la Litokelo Tsa Botho la Machaba a Kopaneng (UNHCR) hore ho koaloa ha Marang-rang hona joale “ho tšoarella nako e telele” ’me “ho thata le ho feta ho lemohuoa.” O boetse a re mekhoa ena ha e felle feela ho mebuso ea bolaoli. Li-shutdown li ngotsoe linaheng tsa demokrasi ho latela mekhoa e pharaletseng. Ka mohlala, Latin America, mokhoa o thibetsoeng oa ho kena o ile oa tlalehoa feela Nicaragua le Venezuela ho tloha ka 2018. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha ka 2018, Colombia, Cuba, le Ecuador li tlalehoa li amohetse ho koaloa ha thepa mabapi le boipelaetso bo bongata.

Litšebeletso tsa ts'ireletso ea naha lefats'eng ka bophara li ntlafalitse bokhoni ba tsona ba "throttle" bandwidth metseng e itseng le libaka ho thibela baipelaetsi ho sebelisana pele ho nako kapa nakong ea boipelaetso. Mekhatlo ena ea ts'ebetsong ea molao hangata e ne e shebane le mecha ea litaba ea sechaba le likopo tsa melaetsa. Ho feta moo, tšitiso ea phihlello ea Marang-rang e tsoetse pele nakong ea seoa sa COVID-19 mme e qhololitse phihlello ea batho ea lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle.

Ho emisa marang-rang le mehala ea mehala ho ne ho tsamaellana le mehato e meng e thibelang, joalo ka ho etsa botlokotsebe ho baqolotsi ba litaba le basireletsi ba litokelo tsa botho nakong ea seoa sena. Khalemelo ea sechaba ho tsoa mekhatlong e kopaneng ea mebuso joalo ka UN le G7 ha ea ka ea etsa letho ho emisa mokhoa ona. Leha ho le joalo, ho bile le litlhōlo tse ling tsa molao, joalo ka ha Lekhotla la Sechaba la Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) le etsa qeto ea hore ho koaloa ha Marang-rang ka 2017 Togo ho ne ho se molaong. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho pelaelo hore maqheka a joalo a tla thibela mebuso ho tsoela pele ho sebelisa Inthanete e thibetsoeng.

Litlamorao tsa Marang-rang a thibetsoeng

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa Marang-rang a thibetsoeng li ka kenyelletsa:

Litahlehelo tse matla haholoanyane tsa moruo tse bakoang ke ho sitisoa ha khoebo le phihlello e fokolang ea litšebeletso tsa lichelete.
Litšitiso tse ngata litšebeletsong tsa bohlokoa joalo ka phihlello ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, mosebetsi o hole le thuto, tse lebisang tlokotsing ea moruo.
Mebuso ea bolaoli e bolokang matla a eona ka katleho ka ho laola mekhoa ea puisano.
Mekhatlo ea boipelaetso e sebelisa mekhoa ea puisano ntle le marang-rang, e bakang ho lieha ho phatlalatsoa ha tlhahisoleseling.
UN e kenya tšebetsong melaoana e thibelang lithibelo lefatšeng ka bophara ea Marang-rang le ho otla linaha tseo e leng litho tse sa e ikopantseng.
Mananeo a ntlafalitsoeng a thuto ea ho bala le ho ngola a fetoha a bohlokoa likolong le libakeng tsa mosebetsi ho tsamaisa tikoloho e thibetsoeng ea Marang-rang, e lebisang ho basebelisi ba nang le tsebo e betere.
Fetoha maqheka a khoebo ea lefats'e ho ikamahanya le mebaraka e arohaneng ea Marang-rang, e hlahisang mefuta e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso.
Keketseho ea nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa e meng ea likhokahano, joalo ka karabelo ho lithibelo tsa Marang-rang, ho khothaletsa mekhoa e mecha ea puisano ea dijithale.