Likoloto tsa Blue carbon: Ho kenella ts'ireletso ea boemo ba leholimo

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• April 15, 2024

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Tikoloho ea leoatleng e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ts'oang k'habone le ho itšireletsa khahlano le ho phahama ha bophahamo ba leoatle, e totobatsang bohlokoa ba khabone e putsoa maanong a lefats'e a boemo ba leholimo. Ho kopanya khabone e putsoa ka har'a maano a naha le litumellano tsa boemo ba leholimo tsa machaba ho tšoaea phetoho e kholo mabapi le ho elelloa le ho matlafatsa karolo ea leoatle phokotsong ea boemo ba leholimo. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlokomela bokhoni bo felletseng ba likalimo tsa khabone e putsoa ho tobana le liphephetso, ho kenyeletsoa ho kenyelletsoa ha tsona mebarakeng e teng ea khabone le tlhokeho ea merero e mecha ea paballo le tsosoloso.

Boemo ba likalimo tsa Blue carbon

Likokoana-hloko tsa leoatleng le lebopong la leoatle, ho kenyeletsoa lifate tsa mangrove, makhulo a joang le makhulo a leoatle, ha se feela karolo ea potoloho ea khabone lefatšeng ka bophara empa hape e sebetsa e le tšireletso ea tlhaho khahlano le ho phahama ha maemo a leoatle. Ka ho elelloa boleng ba tsona, mohopolo oa khabone e putsoa o hlalositsoe ke mekhatlo ea machaba, joalo ka Lenaneo la Tikoloho la Machaba a Kopaneng (UNEP) le Mokhatlo oa Lijo le Temo (FAO), e le khabone e hapiloeng ke tikoloho ea lefatše ea maoatle le lebopo la leoatle. Bohlokwa ba ditikoloho tsena phokotsong ya phetoho ya tlelaemete bo lebisitse ho kenyelletswang ha tsona mawang a naha le a matjhaba a lehodimo, ho toboketsa tlhokeho ya matsete a felletseng a paballo le kgutlisetso ya ona.

Phetoho ea boikitlaetso ba khabone e putsoa ho tloha bobuelli ho isa ts'ebetsong bo bonts'a kananelo e ntseng e hola ea bokhoni ba bona phokotsong ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le ho ikamahanya le maemo. Linaha li kenyelletsa tikoloho ena mererong ea tsona ea ts'ebetso ea boemo ba leholimo tlas'a Tumellano ea Paris, e totobatsang karolo ea khabone e putsoa ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le ho ikamahanya le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Mohlala, Australia le US li kenyelletsa khabone e putsoa lipehelong tsa tsona tsa phokotso ea mesi. Ho khethoa ha COP25 (Seboka sa 2019 sa Phetoho ea Tlelaemete ea Machaba a Kopaneng) e le "Blue COP" ho tsoela pele ho hatisa karolo ea bohlokoa ea leoatle tsamaisong ea boemo ba leholimo ea lefatše le bohlokoa ba tikoloho ea maoatleng boitekong ba ho fokotsa boemo ba leholimo.

Leha ho na le monyetla oa hore ho be le mekitlane ea khabone e putsoa, ​​phephetso e holim'a ho li kopanya ka katleho litsamaisong tse teng tsa khoebo ea emissions (ETS) le ho netefatsa hore boleng ba tsona bo bonoa mebarakeng ea boithaopo le ea ho latela melao ea khabone. Melemo e ikhethang ea tikoloho ea carbon e putsoa, ​​joalo ka paballo ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng le ts'ehetso bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea lebopo, e beha lintlha tsena hore e be tse holimo 'marakeng. Ho feta moo, merero ea bopula-maliboho Japane, e tsepamisitseng maikutlo holim'a makhulo a leoatle le temo ea macroalgae, le mekhoa ea machaba e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa tsosoloso le paballo ea libaka tse mongobo ke mehato ea bohlokoa e lebisang ts'ebetsong ea khabone e putsoa. 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ha merero ea khabone e putsoa e ntse e eketseha, menyetla e mecha ea mesebetsi e ka hlaha ho baeloji ea leoatleng, paballo ea tikoloho, le botšoasi ba litlhapi bo tšoarellang, ho fana ka tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea ho nka khabone le litsebi tsa taolo ea tikoloho. Batho ka bomong ba ka iphumana ba ikamahanya le mesebetsi e totobatsang ts'ireletseho ea tikoloho, e lebisang ho basebetsi ba sa tsebeng feela litloaelo tsa setso empa hape ba nang le tsebo ka maano a ho fokotsa boemo ba leholimo. Phetoho ena e ka boela ea khothaletsa batho ba bangata ho kenya letsoho boitekong ba paballo ea lehae, ho matlafatsa sechaba ho mamella phetoho ea maemo a leholimo.

Likhoebo tsa likepe, tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi, le tsa bohahlauli tse lebopong la leoatle li ka hloka ho tsetela mekhoeng e fokotsang khabone kapa ho ts'ehetsa merero ea khabone e putsoa ka kotloloho ho fihlela sepheo sa mekhatlo ea boikarabello sechabeng le ho latela melaoana e hlahang mabapi le khabone. Mokhoa ona o ka lebisa litsing tse ncha taolong ea thekiso ea thepa, moo lik'hamphani li etelletsang pele litšebelisano le bafani ba thepa ba sebetsang ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. Ho feta moo, liindasteri tseo ka tloaelo li sa amaneng le tikoloho ea maoatleng li ka 'na tsa hlahloba lintlha tsa khabone e putsoa ho fokotsa likhase tsa tsona tsa khabone, tsa holisa boholo ba maano a khoebo a tikoloho.

Mebuso e ka etsa meralo e felletseng ea taolo ea libaka tsa lebopo e kenyelletsang khabone e putsoa e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho ikamahanya le maemo a leholimo le maano a phokotso. Tšebelisano har'a linaha e ka 'na ea matlafala ha li ntse li batla ho arolelana mekhoa e metle, mahlale a morao-rao le mekhoa ea lichelete bakeng sa merero ea carbon e putsoa, ​​e ka lebisang ho maano a momahaneng a lefats'e mabapi le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Ho feta moo, boleng ba lichelete tsa carbon blue e ka fetoha karolo ea bohlokoa ea litumellano tsa khoebo ea machaba, ho susumetsa lipuisano ka ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a tikoloho liqetong tsa moruo.

Litlamorao tsa likalimo tsa khabone e putsoa

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa likalimo tsa khabone e putsoa li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Matšeliso a matlafalitsoeng bakeng sa merero ea paballo ea maoatle, e lebisang ho tikoloho e phetseng hantle ea maoatle le ho eketseha ha mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng.
• Theho ea mesebetsi e tala taolong le tsosolosong ea lebopo, ho kenya letsoho ho phapanong ea moruo metseng e lebopong la leoatle.
• Khatello e eketsehileng thutong ea tikoloho le lipatlisiso, ho khothalletsa moloko o tseba haholoanyane le ho ameha litabeng tsa boemo ba leholimo.
• Liphetoho mekhoeng ea matsete ho liindasteri tse tšoarellang le tse se nang tikoloho, ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka libeso.
• Mebuso e kenyelletsang maano a khabone e putsoa mererong ea ts'ebetso ea boemo ba leholimo ea naha, e lebisang ho sepheo se matla sa ho fokotsa khabone.
• Keketseho ea bohahlauli ba tikoloho kaha libaka tse lebopong tse tsosolositsoeng le tse sirelelitsoeng li hohela baeti ba bangata, ho matlafatsa moruo oa lehae ha ho ntse ho khothaletsa paballo.
• Liphetoho melaong ea moralo oa ts'ebeliso ea mobu le nts'etsopele ho sireletsa tikoloho ea carbon e putsoa, ​​e amang meaho le meaho.
• Keketseho ea thahasello ea mekhatlo ea sechaba le ea poraefete ho litheknoloji tse putsoa, ​​​​ho khanna boiqapelo mekhoeng ea ho nka khabone e thehiloeng metsing.
• Tlhokomelo e matlafalitsoeng le litlhokahalo tsa taolo bakeng sa liindasteri tse amang tikoloho ea lebopo, e lebisang ts'ebetsong e hloekileng le ho fokotsa tšenyo ea tikoloho.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Likhoebo tsa lehae li ne li ka kopanya merero ea khabone e putsoa joang maanong a tsona a ts'ebetso ho thusa tikoloho le lintlha tsa bona tsa mantlha?
• Batho ka bomong ba ka kenya letsoho joang kapa ba tšehetsa matsapa a khabone e putsoa joang metseng ea bona?