Bopaki ba ho hloka tsebo bo ea khoebong: Sala hantle lintlha tsa hau, hello lekunutu

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• March 17, 2023

Bopaki ba tsebo ea Zero (ZKPs) bo 'nile ba e-ba teng ka nakoana, empa hona joale ba ntse ba tsebahala le ho rekisoa. Nts'etsopele ena e bakoa ke tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea blockchain le tlhoko ea ho ba boinotšing bo boholo le polokeho. Ka li-ZKPs, boitsebiso ba batho bo ka netefatsoa ntle le ho fana ka lintlha tsa botho.

Bopaki ba ho hloka tsebo bo tsoelang pele khoebong

Ho cryptography (thuto ea mekhoa e sireletsehileng ea puisano), ZKP ke mokhoa oa mokha o mong (moetsi) ho bonts'a mokha o mong (mo netefatsang) hore ntho e 'ngoe ke' nete ntle le ho fana ka tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng. Ho bonolo ho paka hore motho o na le litaba haeba a senola tsebo eo. Leha ho le joalo, karolo e thata haholoanyane ke ho paka ho ba le boitsebiso boo ntle le ho bolela hore na boitsebiso boo ke bofe. Hobane moroalo ke ho paka feela ho ba le tsebo, liprothokholo tsa ZKP li ke ke tsa hloka data efe kapa efe e hlokolosi. Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea mantlha ea ZKP:

• Ea pele ke ea ho sebelisana, moo mohlahlobi a kholisoang ke 'nete e itseng ka mor'a letoto la liketso tse entsoeng ke moetsi. Tatelano ea mesebetsi ho li-ZKP tse sebetsanang e hokahane le likhopolo-taba tsa menyetla e nang le ts'ebeliso ea lipalo. 
• Mofuta oa bobeli ke oa ho se kopane, moo moetsi a ka bontšang hore o tseba ntho e itseng ntle le ho senola seo e leng sona. Bopaki bo ka romelloa ho verifier ntle le puisano pakeng tsa bona. Mohlahlobi a ka hlahloba hore na bopaki bo entsoe ka nepo ka ho hlahloba hore papiso ea tšebelisano ea bona e entsoe ka nepo. 
• Qetellong, zk-SNARKs (Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge) ke mokhoa o atisang ho sebelisoa ho netefatsa litšebelisano. A quadratic equation e kenyelletsa lintlha tsa sechaba le tsa lekunutu bopaking. Netefatso e ka lekola bonnete ba khoebo e sebelisa lintlha tsena.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ho na le linyeoe tse 'maloa tse ka sebelisoang bakeng sa li-ZKP ho pholletsa le indasteri. Tse tšepisitsoeng ka ho fetisisa li kenyelletsa lichelete, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, mecha ea litaba ea sechaba, khoebo ea e-commerce, lipapali le boithabiso, le lintho tse bokelloang tse kang li-tokens tse se nang fungible (NFTs). Monyetla o ka sehloohong oa ZKP ke hore lia senyeha ebile li na le botsoalle, e leng se etsang hore e be tharollo e loketseng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang boemo bo phahameng ba tšireletso le ho se tsejoe. Li boetse li thata ho li qhekella kapa ho li senya ho feta mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea netefatso, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e sebetsang haholoanyane bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kholo. Ho ba bang ba amehang, phihlello ea mmuso ea data ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e amehang hobane li-ZKP li ka sebelisoa ho pata litaba ho tsoa mekhatlong ea naha. Leha ho le joalo, li-ZKP li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho sireletsa data ho tsoa ho lik'hamphani tsa mekhatlo ea boraro, li-folate tsa mecha ea litaba, libanka le li-crypto-wallets.

Ho sa le joalo, bokhoni ba ZKPs ba ho thusa batho ba babeli ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ha tlhahisoleseling e boletsoeng e le lekunutu e etsa hore ts'ebeliso ea bona e be e loketseng ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse arolelanoeng (dApps). Phuputso ea 2022 e entsoeng ke Mina Foundation (feme ea theknoloji ea blockchain) e ile ea fumana hore kutloisiso ea indasteri ea crypto ka li-ZKP e ne e atile, 'me ba bangata ba arabelang ba lumela hore e tla ba ea bohlokoa haholo nakong e tlang. Se fumaneng sena ke phetoho e kholo ho tloha lilemong tse fetileng, moo li-ZKP e neng e mpa e le mohopolo oa khopolo-taba o ka fihlellehang feela ho li-cryptographer. Mina Foundation e 'nile ea tšoareha ka ho bontša linyeoe tsa tšebeliso ea ZKP ho Web3 le Metaverse. Ka Hlakubele 2022, Mina o ile a fumana chelete ea lidolara tse limilione tse 92 ho hira talenta e ncha ho etsa hore meaho ea Web3 e bolokehe le ho ba le demokrasi ho sebelisa li-ZKP.

Liphello tse pharalletseng tsa bopaki ba ho hloka tsebo 

Litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa hore li-ZKP li ee khoebong li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Lekala la decentralized finance (DeFi) le sebelisa ZKP ho matlafatsa litšebelisano tsa lichelete ho li-crypto-exchanges, li-wallet, le li-API (li-application programming interfaces).
• Likhamphani ho pholletsa le liindasteri butle-butle li kenyelletsa ZKP lits'ebetsong tsa bona tsa cybersecurity ka ho eketsa sekhahla sa ts'ireletso ea cyber ea ZKP maqepheng a bona a ho kena, marang-rang a ajoang, le mekhoa ea ho fumana lifaele.
• Lisebelisoa tsa li-smartphone butle-butle li fokotsoa kapa li haneloa ho bokella lintlha tsa hau (lilemo, sebaka, liaterese tsa lengolo-tsoibila, joalo-joalo) bakeng sa boingoliso/ho kena.
• Kopo ea bona ea ho netefatsa batho ka bomong ho fumana litšebeletso tsa sechaba (mohlala, tlhokomelo ea bophelo, penshene, joalo-joalo) le mesebetsi ea mmuso (mohlala, palo ea sechaba, tlhahlobo ea likhetho).
• Lifeme tsa theknoloji tse sebetsanang le li-cryptography le li-tokens tse nang le tlhokahalo e eketsehileng le menyetla ea khoebo bakeng sa tharollo ea ZKP.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Na u ka khetha ho sebelisa ZKP ho fapana le ho fana ka lintlha tsa hau?
• U nahana hore protocol ee e tla fetola joang tsela eo re etsang transactions inthaneteng?