Ho koetlisa mehlala ea AI: Patlo ea nts'etsopele ea AI e theko e tlase

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Ho koetlisa mehlala ea AI: Patlo ea nts'etsopele ea AI e theko e tlase

Ho koetlisa mehlala ea AI: Patlo ea nts'etsopele ea AI e theko e tlase

Sengoloa sa sehloohoana
Mefuta ea bohlale ba maiketsetso e turu haholo ho e aha le ho e koetlisa, e etsa hore e se ke ea fihla ho bafuputsi le basebelisi ba bangata.
    • Author:
    • Lebitso la sengoli
      Quantumrun Ponelopele
    • March 21, 2023

    Thuto e tebileng (DL) e ipakile e le tharollo e nang le bokhoni liphephetsong tse 'maloa ho nts'etsopele ea bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI). Leha ho le joalo, DL e boetse e ba theko e boima haholo. Ho sebetsa marang-rang a tebileng a neural ho hloka lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso, haholo-holo koetlisong ea pele. Ho hobe le ho feta, ts'ebetso ena e matla ea matla e bolela hore litlhoko tsena li fella ka mehato e meholo ea carbon, e senyang litekanyetso tsa ESG tsa khoebo ea lipatlisiso tsa AI.

    Koetliso ea mehlala ea AI moelelo

    Koetliso ea pele hona joale ke mokhoa o tummeng ka ho fetisisa oa ho haha ​​​​marang-rang a maholo a methapo ea kutlo, 'me e bontšitse katleho e kholo ponong ea k'homphieutha (CV) le ts'ebetso ea puo ea tlhaho (NLP). Leha ho le joalo, ho hlahisa mefuta e meholo ea DL ho fetohile chelete e ngata haholo. Mohlala, ho koetlisa OpenAI's Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3), e nang le liparamente tse libilione tse 175 mme e hloka phihlello ea lihlopha tse kholo tsa li-server tse nang le likarete tsa litšoantšo tsa boemo bo holimo, e ne e na le litšenyehelo tse hakanyetsoang tsa USD $12 milione. Seva e matla le li-gigabyte tse makholo tsa memori ea phihlello ea video (VRAM) le tsona lia hlokahala ho tsamaisa mohlala.

    Le ha lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa theknoloji li ka khona ho lefella litšenyehelo tse joalo tsa koetliso, e ba thibelo bakeng sa li-startups tse nyane le mekhatlo ea lipatlisiso. Lintlha tse tharo li tsamaisa litšenyehelo tsena. 

    1. Litšenyehelo tse ngata tsa ho bala, tse tla hloka libeke tse 'maloa ka likarolo tse likete tsa graphic processing (GPUs).

    2. Mefuta e hlophisitsoeng hantle e hloka polokelo e kholo, hangata e nka makholo a li-gigabytes (GBs). Ho feta moo, mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi e fapaneng e hloka ho bolokoa.

    3. Ho koetlisa mehlala e meholo ho hloka matla a khomphutha le hardware e nepahetseng; ho seng joalo, liphetho li kanna tsa se be ntle.

    Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse thibetsoeng, lipatlisiso tsa AI li se li rekisoa haholo, moo lik'hamphani tsa Big Tech li etellang lithuto pele lebaleng. Lik'hamphani tsena li boetse li ikemiselitse ho rua molemo haholo ho seo li se fumaneng. Ho sa le joalo, litsi tsa lipatlisiso le tse sa etseng phaello hangata li tlameha ho sebelisana le likhoebo tsena haeba li batla ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa tsona tšimong. 

    Tšusumetso e senyang

    Ho na le bopaki bo bontšang hore marang-rang a neural a ka "fokoa." Sena se bolela hore ka har'a marang-rang a supersized neural, sehlopha se senyenyane se ka finyella boemo bo ts'oanang ba ho nepahala joaloka mohlala oa pele oa AI ntle le liphello tse boima mosebetsing oa oona. Ka mohlala, ka 2020, bafuputsi ba AI ba Swarthmore College le Los Alamos National Laboratory ba ile ba bontša hore le hoja mofuta o rarahaneng oa DL o ka ithuta ho bolela esale pele mehato ea nako e tlang ho setsebi sa lipalo John Conway's Game of Life, kamehla ho na le marang-rang a manyenyane a neural a ka rutoang. ho etsa ntho yona eo.

    Bafuputsi ba fumane hore haeba ba lahla mekhoa e mengata ea mohlala oa DL ka mor'a hore e phethe mokhoa oohle oa koetliso, ba ka e fokotsa ho karolo ea 10 lekholong ea boholo ba eona ba pele 'me ba ntse ba fumana sephetho se tšoanang. Likhamphani tse 'maloa tsa theknoloji li se li ntse li hatella mefuta ea tsona ea AI ho boloka sebaka ho lisebelisoa tse kang lilaptop le li-smartphones. Mokhoa ona ha o boloke chelete feela empa o boetse o lumella software hore e sebetse ntle le khokahano ea Marang-rang le ho fumana liphetho ka nako ea nnete. 

    Ho ne ho boetse ho e-na le maemo ao DL e neng e khoneha ho lisebelisoa tse tsamaisoang ke libeteri tsa letsatsi kapa lisele tsa konopo, ka lebaka la marang-rang a manyenyane a methapo ea kutlo. Leha ho le joalo, moeli oa mokhoa oa ho faola limela ke hore mohlala o ntse o hloka ho koetlisoa ka botlalo pele o ka fokotsoa. Ho bile le lithuto tsa pele ho li-neural subsets tse ka koetlisoang ka botsona. Leha ho le joalo, ho nepahala ha tsona ha ho tšoane le tsa marang-rang a supersized neural.

    Liphello tsa ho koetlisa mehlala ea AI

    Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa mefuta ea koetliso ea AI li ka kenyelletsa: 

    • Lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea koetliso ea marang-rang a methapo ea kutlo; leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele e ka fokotsoa ke khaello ea lichelete.
    • Theknoloji e kholo e ntse e tsoela pele ho tšehetsa li-lab tsa bona tsa lipatlisiso tsa AI, e leng se bakang likhohlano tse ngata tsa thahasello.
    • Litsenyehelo tsa nts'etsopele ea AI li theha maemo a hore li-monopoli li thehoe, li fokotsa bokhoni ba li-startups tse ncha tsa AI ho qothisana lehlokoa le lifeme tsa theknoloji tse ikemetseng. Boemo ba khoebo bo hlahang bo ka bona lik'hamphani tse ngata tse kholo tsa theknoloji li nts'etsapele mefuta e meholo ea thepa ea AI le ho e hirisetsa lifeme tse nyane tsa AI joalo ka ts'ebeletso / ts'ebeliso.
    • Litsi tsa lipatlisiso, tse sa etseng phaello, le liunivesithi li tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke theknoloji e kholo ho etsa liteko tse ling tsa AI molemong oa tsona. Mokhoa ona o ka etsa hore boko bo fokotsehe ho tloha ho barutehi ho ea ho lik'hamphani.
    • Khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea theknoloji e kholo ea ho phatlalatsa le ho ntlafatsa kamehla litataiso tsa bona tsa melao-motheo ea AI ho ba etsa hore ba ikarabelle bakeng sa merero ea bona ea lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele.
    • Ho koetlisa mefuta ea AI ho ba theko e phahameng haholo ha matla a phahameng a komporo a ntse a hlokahala, e lebisang ho khabone e ngata.
    • Mekhatlo e meng ea mmuso e lekang ho laola lintlha tse sebelisoang koetlisong ea mefuta ena e meholo ea AI. Hape, mekhatlo ea tlholisano e ka theha molao o qobellang mefuta ea AI ea boholo bo itseng hore e fihlellehe ho lifeme tse nyane tsa lapeng molemong oa ho khothaletsa boqapi ba SME.

    Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

    • Haeba u sebetsa lekaleng la AI, mokhatlo oa hau o nts'etsapele joang mefuta ea AI e tšoarellang tikolohong?
    • Litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa nako e telele tsa mefuta e turang ea AI ke life?

    Litšupiso tsa temohisiso

    Lihokelo tse latelang tse tsebahalang le tsa mekhatlo li ile tsa hlalosoa bakeng sa temohisiso ena: