Li-biocomputers tse tsamaisoang ke lisele tsa boko ba motho: Mohato o lebisang bohlaleng ba organoid

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• September 27, 2023

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Bafuputsi ba ntse ba etsa li-biocomputer ba sebelisa li-organoid tsa boko, tse nang le ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea boko le likarolo tsa sebopeho. Li-biocomputer tsena li na le monyetla oa ho fetola meriana e etselitsoeng motho ka mong, ho tsamaisa kholo ea moruo indastering ea biotech, le ho theha tlhokahalo ea basebetsi ba nang le boiphihlelo. Leha ho le joalo, mathata a boitšoaro, melao le melaoana e mecha, le ho mpefala ho ka bang teng ha karohano ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle e tlameha ho rarolloa ha theknoloji ena e ntse e tsoela pele.

Li-biocomputers tse tsamaisoang ke lisele tsa boko ba motho

Bafuputsi ba tsoang mafapheng a fapaneng ba sebelisana 'moho ho theha li-biocomputer tse matla tse sebelisang litloaelo tsa lisele tsa boko tse mahlakore a mararo, tse tsejoang ka hore ke li-organoids tsa boko, joalo ka motheo oa baeloji. Morero oa bona oa ho fihlela sepheo sena o hlalositsoe sengolong sa 2023 se hatisitsoeng koranteng ea mahlale Meeli ho Saense. Li-organoid tsa boko ke setso sa lisele tse holisitsoeng ka laboratoring. Leha e se mefuta e menyane ea boko, e na le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso ea boko le sebopeho, joalo ka methapo ea kutlo le lisele tse ling tsa boko tse hlokahalang bakeng sa bokhoni ba kelello joalo ka ho ithuta le mohopolo. 

Ho ea ka e mong oa bangoli, Moprofesa Thomas Hartung oa Univesithi ea Johns Hopkins, ha lik'homphieutha tse thehiloeng ka silicon li ipabola lipalong tsa lipalo, boko ke baithuti ba hloahloa. O ile a fana ka mohlala oa AlphaGo, AI e ileng ea hlōla sebapali sa Go se phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka selemo sa 2017. AlphaGo e ile ea koetlisoa ka lintlha tse tsoang lipapaling tsa 160,000, tse neng li ka nka motho ea bapalang lihora tse hlano letsatsi le leng le le leng ho feta lilemo tse 175 ho ba le phihlelo. 

Ha se feela hore boko ke baithuti ba betere, empa hape ba baballa matla. Mohlala, matla a hlokahalang ho koetlisa AlphaGo a ka ts'ehetsa motho e moholo ea mahlahahlaha ka lilemo tse leshome. Ho ea ka Hartung, boko bo boetse bo na le bokhoni bo hlollang ba ho boloka boitsebiso, bo hakanyetsoang ho 2,500 terabytes. Ha likhomphutha tsa silicon li ntse li fihla moo li fihlang teng, boko ba motho bo na le li-neurone tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 100 tse hokahaneng ka 10 ^ 15 lintlha tsa khokahanyo, phapang e kholo ea matla ha e bapisoa le theknoloji e teng.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Monyetla oa bohlale ba organoid (OI) o fetela ka nģ'ane ho k'homphieutha ho kena meriana. Ka lebaka la mokhoa oa bopula-maliboho o hlahisitsoeng ke John Gurdon le Shinya Yamanaka ba Nobel Laureates, li-organoids tsa boko li ka hlahisoa ho tloha ho batho ba baholo. Karolo ena e lumella bafuputsi ho iketsetsa li-organoid tsa boko ba motho ba sebelisa lisampole tsa letlalo ho tsoa ho bakuli ba nang le mathata a methapo ea kutlo joalo ka Alzheimer's. Joale ba ka etsa liteko tse sa tšoaneng ho hlahloba liphello tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, meriana le chefo maemong ana.

Hartung o hlalositse hore OI e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho ithuta likarolo tsa kelello tsa mafu a methapo. Mohlala, bafuputsi ba ka bapisa sebopeho sa memori ho li-organoids tse nkiloeng ho batho ba phetseng hantle le ba nang le lefu la Alzheimer's, ba leka ho lokisa mefokolo e amanang le eona. Ho feta moo, OI e ka sebelisoa ho batlisisa hore na lintho tse itseng, joalo ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, li kenya letsoho mohopolong kapa litabeng tsa ho ithuta.

Leha ho le joalo, ho theha li-organoid tsa boko ba motho tse nang le bokhoni ba ho ithuta, ho hopola, le ho sebelisana le tikoloho ea bona ho hlahisa mathata a rarahaneng a boitšoaro. Ho hlaha lipotso, tse kang hore na li-organoid tsena li ka elelloa - leha e le ka mokhoa oa mantlha - ho utloa bohloko kapa mahlomola le hore na ke litokelo life tseo batho ba lokelang ho ba le tsona mabapi le li-organoid tsa boko tse entsoeng liseleng tsa bona. Bafuputsi ba elelloa liphephetso tsena ka botlalo. Hartung o hatelletse hore karolo ea bohlokoa ea pono ea bona ke ho nts'etsapele OI ka melao ea boitšoaro le ka boikarabello sechabeng. Ho sebetsana le sena, bafuputsi ba sebelisane le litsebi tsa melao ea boitšoaro ho tloha qalong ho kenya ts'ebetsong "mokhoa oa boitšoaro o kentsoeng". 

Litlamorao tsa li-biocomputer tse tsamaisoang ke lisele tsa boko ba motho

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa li-biocomputer tse tsamaisoang ke lisele tsa boko ba motho li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Bohlale ba Organoid bo lebisang kalafong ea motho ka mong bakeng sa batho ba loanang le likotsi tsa boko kapa mafu, ho lumella kalafo e sebetsang haholoanyane. Khatelo-pele ena e ka etsa hore batho ba hōlileng ba phele bophelo bo ikemetseng ka ho fokotsa moroalo oa mafu le bophelo bo ntlafetseng.
• Menyetla e mecha ea tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa indasteri le liindasteri tsa biotech le tsa meriana, tse ka lebisang kholong ea moruo le tlhahiso ea mesebetsi makaleng ana.
• Tsoelo-pele ea tsamaiso ea naha ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Mebuso e kanna ea hloka ho tsetela ho thekenoloji ena ho boloka maemo a tlholisano le ho ntlafatsa sephetho sa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, se ka lebisang lipuisanong mabapi le kabo ea lichelete le ho etelletsa pele.
• Boqapi mafapheng a mang, joalo ka bohlale ba maiketsetso, liroboto, le bioinformatics, joalo ka ha bafuputsi ba batla ho kopanya biocomputation ho holisa kapa ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea mahlale a teng. 
• Keketseho ea tlhokeho ea basebetsi ba nang le boiphihlelo ho biotechnology le mafapha a amanang. Phetoho ena e ka hloka mananeo a macha a thuto le koetliso.
• Matšoenyeho a boits'oaro a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea lisele le lisele tsa motho ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, hammoho le monyetla oa ts'ebeliso ea mahlale ana molemong oa merero e meng ntle le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, joalo ka libetsa tsa likokoana-hloko kapa lintlafatso tsa litlolo.
• Melao le melawana e metjha e hlokehang ho laola tshebediso, ntshetsopele le tshebediso ya thekenoloji ena, ho leka-lekanya popontshwa le menahano ya boitshwaro le polokeho ya setjhaba.
• Bohlale ba Organoid bo mpefatsa liphapang tse teng mabapi le phihlello ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo le sephetho, kaha linaha tse ruileng le batho ka bomong ba ka rua molemo ho theknoloji. Ho sebetsana le taba ena ho ka hloka tšebelisano-'moho ea lefats'e le ho arolelana lisebelisoa ho netefatsa kabo e lekanang ea melemo ea theknoloji ena.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Ke mathata afe a mang a ka bang teng ho nts'etsopele ea bohlale ba organoid?
• Bafuputsi ba ka etsa bonnete ba hore mefuta ee e nyalisitsoeng ea bio-machine e ntlafatsoa le ho sebelisoa ka nepo?