Liroboto tsa limolek'hule: Liroboto tsena tse nyenyane haholo li ka etsa ntho leha e le efe

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• November 30, 2023

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Liroboto tsa limolek'hule, khoebo e fapaneng ea liroboto, baeloji ea limolek'hule, le nanotechnology, e etelletsoeng pele ke Harvard's Wyss Institute, e ntšetsa pele ho hlophisoa ha likhoele tsa DNA ho liroboto tse khonang ho etsa mesebetsi e rarahaneng boemong ba limolek'hule. Ka ho sebelisa phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa CRISPR, liroboto tsena li ka fetola nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi le tlhahlobo ea mafu, ka mekhatlo e kang Ultivue le NuProbe e etellang pele lipapatso tsa khoebo. Ha bafuputsi ba ntse ba hlahloba lihlopha tsa liroboto tsa DNA bakeng sa mesebetsi e rarahaneng, ho tšoana le likolone tsa likokoanyana, mekhoa ea sebele ea lefats'e e ntse e le haufi, e tšepisa ho nepahala ho ke keng ha bapisoa phepelong ea meriana, molemo bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa nanotechnology, le monyetla oa ho aha lisebelisoa tsa limolek'hule ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng. .

Boemo ba liroboto tsa limolek'hule

Babatlisisi ba Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering ea Univesithi ea Harvard ba ile ba hlolloa ke liketsahalo tse ling tse ka sebelisoang tsa DNA, tse ka kopanang ka libopeho tse fapaneng, boholo le tšebetso. Ba ile ba leka liroboto. Ho sibolloa hona ho ile ha khoneha hobane DNA le liroboto li arolelana ntho e le 'ngoe - bokhoni ba ho hlophisetsoa sepheo se itseng. Tabeng ea liroboto, li ka sebelisoa ka khoutu ea khomphuta ea binary, 'me tabeng ea DNA, ka tatellano ea nucleotide. Ka 2016, Setsi se ile sa theha Molecular Robotics Initiative, e kopantseng liroboto, baeloji ea limolek'hule le litsebi tsa nanotechnology. Bo-rasaense ba ne ba thabetse ho ikemela le ho feto-fetoha ha limolek'hule, tse khonang ho ipokella le ho itšoara ka nako ea sebele tikolohong. Karolo ena e bolela hore limolek'hule tsena tse hlophisehang li ka sebelisoa ho theha lisebelisoa tsa nanoscale tse ka bang le linyeoe tsa ts'ebeliso ho liindasteri tse fapaneng.

Liroboto tsa limolek'hule li nolofalloa ke likhatelopele tsa morao-rao liphuputsong tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, haholo-holo sesebelisoa sa ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso CRISPR (e kopantsoeng khafetsa ka makhetlo a makhutšoane a pheta-phetoang a palindromic). Sesebelisoa sena se ka bala, sa hlophisa le ho seha likhoele tsa DNA ha ho hlokahala. Ka thekenoloji ena, limolek'hule tsa DNA li ka sebelisoa ho ba libopeho le litšobotsi tse nepahetseng le ho feta, ho kenyelletsa le lipotoloho tsa likokoana-hloko tse ka bonang lefu leha e le lefe le ka bang teng ka seleng ebe li e bolaea kapa tsa e thibela ho ba mofetše. Monyetla ona o bolela hore liroboto tsa limolek'hule li ka fetola tsoelo-pele ea lithethefatsi, ho hlahloba mafu le mekhoa ea phekolo. Wyss Institute e hatela pele ka mokhoa o makatsang ka projeke ena, e se e ntse e theha lik'hamphani tse peli tsa khoebo: Ultivue bakeng sa litšoantšo tse hlakileng tsa lithane tse phahameng le NuProbe bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea nucleic acid.

Tšusumetso e senyang

O mong oa melemo e meholo ea liroboto tsa limolek'hule ke hore lisebelisoa tsena tse nyane li ka sebelisana ho fihlela sepheo se rarahaneng. Ka ho ela hloko lihlopha tsa likokoanyana tse kang bohloa le linotši, bafuputsi ba ntse ba sebeletsa ho hlahisa lihlopha tsa liroboto tse ka etsang libōpeho tse rarahaneng le mesebetsi e feletseng ka ho buisana ka khanya ea infrared. Mofuta ona oa lebasetere la nanotechnology, moo meeli ea DNA e ka eketsoang ka matla a khomphutha ea liroboto, e ka ba le lits'ebetso tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa polokelo ea data e sebetsang hantle haholo e ka fellang ka ho fokotsa khase ea khabone.

Ka Phupu 2022, baithuti ba tsoang Univesithing ea Emory e thehiloeng Georgia ba ile ba theha liroboto tsa limolek'hule tse nang le li-motor tse thehiloeng ho DNA tse ka tsamaeang ka boomo ka tsela e itseng. Lienjiniere li ile tsa khona ho bona liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale tikolohong ea tsona 'me tsa tseba hore na li khaotse ho tsamaea kapa ho fetola tsela eo li eang teng. Bafuputsi ba boletse hore tšibollo ena ke mohato o moholo o lebisang litekong tsa bongaka le tlhahlobo ea mafu hobane liroboto tsa limolek'hule tse ngata joale li khona ho buisana ka motor-to-motor. Khatelo-pele ena e boetse e bolela hore lihlopha tsena li ka thusa ho laola mafu a sa foleng a kang lefu la tsoekere kapa khatello ea mali. Leha ho le joalo, le hoja liphuputso lefapheng lena li hlahisitse tsoelo-pele e itseng, bo-rasaense ba bangata ba lumela hore liroboto tsena tse nyenyane li sa ntsane li tla sebelisoa ka tekanyo e khōlō, ea sebele lefatšeng.

Liphello tsa liroboto tsa limolek'hule

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa liroboto tsa limolek'hule li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Lipatlisiso tse nepahetseng haholoanyane ka lisele tsa motho, ho kenyelletsa le ho khona ho isa meriana liseleng tse itseng.
• Keketseho ea matsete lipatlisisong tsa nanotechnology, haholo ke bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le pharma e kholo.
• Lefapha la indasteri le khona ho aha likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa mechini le lisebelisoa tse sebelisang bongata ba liroboto tsa limolek'hule.
• Keketseho ea ho sibolloa ha lisebelisoa tsa limolek'hule tse ka sebelisoang ho eng kapa eng, ho tloha ho liaparo ho isa ho likarolo tsa kaho.
• Li-nanorobots tse ka hlophisoang ho fetola likarolo tsa tsona le acidity, ho itšetlehile ka hore na li tla hlokeha ho sebetsa linthong tse phelang kapa ka ntle, e leng se etsang hore e be basebetsi ba theko e boima haholo le ba tenyetsehang.

Lipotso tseo u ka fanang ka maikutlo ho tsona

• Ke melemo efe e meng e ka bang teng ea liroboto tsa limolek'hule indastering?
• Ke melemo efe e meng e ka bang teng ea liroboto tsa limolek'hule ho biology le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle?