Maqheka a jalang disinformation: Kamoo boko ba motho bo hlasetsoeng kateng

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• October 4, 2023

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Litaba tse fosahetseng li hasana ka maqheka a kang Contagion Model le lisebelisoa tse patiloeng. Lihlopha tse kang Ghostwriter li lebisa NATO le masole a US, ha AI e laola maikutlo a sechaba. Hangata batho ba tšepa mehloli eo ba e tloaetseng, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho fumana boitsebiso ba bohata. Sena se ka lebisa ho matšolo a mangata a thehiloeng ho disinformation a thehiloeng ho AI, melaoana e matla ea mmuso, ts'ebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea lits'ebetso tse patiloeng ke batho ba feteletseng, ts'ireletso e matla ea cybersecurity mecheng ea litaba, le lithuto tsa thuto mabapi le ho loants'a disinformation.

Maqheka a ho jala litaba tsa disinformation

Maqheka a tlhahisoleseding e fosahetseng ke lisebelisoa le maano a atisang ho sebelisoa liwebsaeteng tsa liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona, e leng ho bakang seoa sa litumelo tsa bohata. Ho qhekella hona ha tlhahisoleseling ho entse hore ho be le ho se utloisisane ho pharaletseng ka lihlooho ho tloha ho bomenemene ba likhetho ho isa ho hore na litlhaselo tse mabifi ke tsa 'nete (mohlala, ho thunngoa ha sekolo sa mathomo sa Sandy Hook) kapa hore na liente li bolokehile. Ha litaba tsa bohata li ntse li tsoela pele ho arolelanoa ho pholletsa le li-platform tse fapaneng, ho entse hore ho be le ho se tšepane ho tebileng khahlanong le mekhatlo ea sechaba e kang mecha ea litaba. Khopolo e ’ngoe ea hore na boitsebiso bo khelosang bo jaleha joang e bitsoa Contagion Model, e thehiloeng tseleng eo likokoana-hloko tsa k’homphieutha li sebetsang ka eona. Marang-rang a entsoe ka li-node, tse emelang batho, le lithako, tse tšoantšetsang lihokelo tsa sechaba. Khopolo e jaloa "kelellong" e le 'ngoe' me e ata tlas'a maemo a sa tšoaneng le ho itšetlehile ka likamano tsa sechaba.

Ha ho thuse hore theknoloji le keketseho e ntseng e eketseha ea sechaba sechabeng li thusa ho etsa maqheka a mashano a sebetsang ho feta leha e le neng pele. Mohlala ke li-apps tsa melaetsa tse patiloeng (EMA), tse sa thuseng feela ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling ea bohata ho batho bao u kopanang le bona empa hape li etsa hore ho se khonehe hore lik'hamphani tsa app li latele melaetsa e arolelanoang. Mohlala, lihlopha tse hole-hole li ile tsa fetisetsoa ho EMA kamora tlhaselo ea Pherekhong 2021 US Capitol hobane li-platform tsa litaba tsa sechaba tse kang Twitter li li thibetse. Maqheka a disinformation a na le litlamorao tsa hang-hang le tsa nako e telele. Ntle le likhetho moo batho ba belaetsang ba nang le lirekoto tsa botlokotsebe ba hlolang ka mapolasi a troll, ba ka nyenyefatsa batho ba fokolang le ho tsamaisa mashano a ntoa (mohlala, tlhaselo ea Russia ea Ukraine). 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ka 2020, k'hamphani ea ts'ireletso ea FireEye e ile ea lokolla tlaleho e totobatsang boikitlaetso ba sehlopha sa linokoane se bitsoang Ghostwriter. Ho tloha ka Hlakubele 2017, baetsi ba liphatlalatso ba ntse ba jala mashano, haholo-holo khahlanong le selekane sa sesole sa North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) le mabotho a US a Poland le Baltics. Ba phatlalalitse litaba tse fosahetseng mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba le liwebsaeteng tsa litaba tsa pro-Russia. Ka linako tse ling Ghostwriter e sebelisitse mokhoa o mabifi: ho senya tsamaiso ea litaba (CMS) ea liwebsaete tsa litaba ho beha lipale tsa bona. Joale sehlopha se aba litaba tsa sona tsa bohata se sebelisa li-imeile tsa bohata, melaetsa ea litaba tsa sechaba, esita le li-op-eds tse ngotsoeng ke bona libakeng tse ling tse amohelang litaba tse tsoang ho babali.

Leqheka le leng la disinformation le sebelisa li-algorithms le bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) ho thetsa maikutlo a sechaba mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba, joalo ka "ho matlafatsa" balateli ba litaba tsa sechaba ka bots kapa ho theha li-account tsa troll tse ikemetseng ho ngola maikutlo a lehloeo. Litsebi li bitsa propaganda ena ea computational. Ho sa le joalo, lipatlisiso tsa The New York Times li fumane hore bo-ralipolotiki ba sebelisa lengolo-tsoibila ho jala disinformation hangata ho feta kamoo batho ba hlokomelang. Naheng ea Amerika, mahlakore ka bobeli a molato oa ho sebelisa li-hyperbole ho li-imeile tsa bona ho li-constituents, tseo hangata li ka khothaletsang ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling ea bohata. 

Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a bohlokoa a etsang hore batho ba oele matšolong a litaba tse fosahetseng. 

• Taba ea pele, batho ke baithuti ba kahisano 'me ba tloaetse ho tšepa mehloli ea bona ea tlhahisoleseling joalo ka metsoalle kapa litho tsa lelapa. Batho bana, le bona, ba fumana litaba tsa bona ho metsoalle e tšepahalang, e leng ho etsang hore ho be thata ho felisa mokhoa ona. 
• Taba ea bobeli, hangata batho ba hloleha ho lekola tlhaiso-leseling eo ba e sebelisang, haholo haeba ba tloaetse ho fumana litaba ho tsoa mohloling o le mong (hangata mecha ea litaba ea setso kapa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba eo ba e ratang haholo. sethala joalo ka Facebook kapa Twitter). Ha ba bona sehlooho sa litaba kapa setšoantšo (esita le ho beha lebitso feela) se tšehetsang litumelo tsa bona, hangata ha ba belaelle bonnete ba lipolelo tsena (ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke tse somang). 
• Likamore tsa Echo ke lisebelisoa tse matla tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko, li etsa hore batho ba litumelo tse hanyetsanang e be sera. Boko ba motho bo sebetsa ka thata ho batla boitsebiso bo tšehetsang likhopolo tse teng le ho theola boitsebiso bo khahlanong le tsona.

Liphello tse pharalletseng tsa maqheka a jalang disinformation

Litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa maqheka a jalang disinformation li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Likhamphani tse ling tse sebetsanang le AI le bots ho thusa bo-ralipolotiki le baetsi ba liphatlalatso ho fumana balateli le "ts'epehi" ka matšolo a bohlale a ho tsebahatsa disinformation.
• Mebuso e hatelloang ho theha melao le mekhatlo e khahlanong le disinformation ho loants'a mapolasi a troll le litsebi tsa maano a fosahetseng.
• E ntse e eketseha ho khoasolla li-EMA bakeng sa lihlopha tse feteletseng tse batlang ho jala mashano le ho senya botumo.
• Liwebsaete tsa mecha ea litaba tse tsetelang litharollong tse turang tsa cybersecurity ho thibela barekisi ba disinformation ho jala litaba tse seng tsa nnete litsamaisong tsa bona. Litharollo tse ncha tsa AI li ka sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ena ea tekanyetso.
• Li-bots tse tsamaisoang ke AI li ka sebelisoa ke batšoantšisi ba babe ho hlahisa leqhubu la mashano le litaba tsa litaba tsa disinformation ka bongata.
• Khatello e eketsehileng ea hore liunivesithi le likolo tsa sechaba li kenyelle lithuto tsa anti-disinformation. 

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• U itšireletsa joang maqhekang a disinformation?
• Ke joang hape mebuso le mekhatlo e ka thibelang ho ata ha maqheka aa?