I-Deepfakes nepolitiki: Ukushintsha iqiniso ukuze kuvikeleke amandla ezepolitiki

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 11, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ubuchwepheshe be-Deepfake, obusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze bakhe imithombo yezindaba mbumbulu ekholisayo, buye bavela njengethuluzi elinamandla elinokusetshenziswa okungase kube nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezombusazwe. Ikhono lobuchwepheshe lokuxhaphaza imibono yomphakathi futhi liqede ukwethenjwa kwezikhungo liphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Imizamo yokulwa nama-deepfakes, njengemithetho nobudlelwano phakathi kwama-tech giants nama-ejensi kahulumeni, ibonisa ukuphuthuma kokubhekana nale nkinga.

Umongo wepolitiki mbumbulu

Ama-Deepfakes yimidiya ekhiqizwe yi-AI edala izithombe ezibukeka ziyiqiniso, amafayela alalelwayo, noma amavidiyo omuntu noma isihloko. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe ukuxhaphaza imibono yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi kwezombusazwe. Ngokusekelwe ekubonweni kobuso nezindlela zokufunda zomshini ezifana namanethiwekhi adversarial akhiqizayo (ama-GAN), ama-deepfake angakwazi ukukhiqiza izifaniso ezikholisayo zezihloko ngokuskena izinkulungwane zezithombe.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo ku-2017, ama-deepfakes asetshenziselwe izinhloso ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukudala amavidiyo wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokukhohlisa osopolitiki ukuthi benze izitatimende ezinamahloni. I-deepfake yowayengumongameli waseMelika u-Barack Obama ngo-2018 yagqamisa imiphumela emibi engaba khona kwezombusazwe. Lezi zigameko ziphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusetshenziswa okumnyama kwama-deepfakes namandla awo okubukela phansi izinqubo zentando yeningi.

Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-deepfake kubangele ukwesaba ukuthi kungase kube nzima kakhulu ukubona okuqukethwe okuyiqiniso kokungamanga. Lesi simo asigcini nje ngokusongela imibono yomuntu siqu yeqiniso kodwa futhi nobuqotho bezinqubo zezombusazwe. Imizamo yokubhekana nama-deepfakes, afana ne-Deepfake Report Act e-US kanye nezinhlelo zocwaningo ezifana ne-Media Forensics (MediFor), zibonisa ukuqashelwa okukhulayo kwesidingo sokubhekana nale nselele.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-Deepfake kubangele ukukhathazeka ngokuthi kungase kufinyelele lapho ochwepheshe bengakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuqukethwe kwangempela nokungamanga. Lesi simo singase siqede ukwethenjwa komphakathi futhi sisongela izinqubo zezombusazwe. Imiphumela engemihle engaba khona ihlanganisa ukuxhashazwa kokhetho, ukungamethembi uhulumeni nezikhungo, kanye nokulimala kwesithunzi sezikhulu.

Ukuphendula, umthetho ofana ne-Deepfake Report Act ushaywe, futhi izinhlelo ezifana ne-MediFor zinikezwe umsebenzi wokuthola nokuqonda ukukhohlisa okujulile. Ubambiswano phakathi kwezinkampani ezifana ne-Google kanye nezikhungo zikahulumeni, njenge-Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), kuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa amasu e-digital forensic. Le mizamo imele umzamo obumbene wokunciphisa ubungozi besikhathi esizayo be-deepfakes kwezombusazwe.

Imithelela ebanzi yomphakathi yama-deepfakes idlulela ngale kwezepolitiki. Amandla obuchwepheshe okukhohlisa imibono nokuziphatha komphakathi anemithelela ekusetshenzisweni kwemidiya, imfundo, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezakhamizi nohulumeni bazo. Impendulo kuma-deepfakes inikezela ngemininingwane yokuthi umphakathi ungajwayelana kanjani nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa, ulinganisele ukuqamba okusha nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nentshisekelo yomphakathi.

Imithelela yepolitiki ye-deepfake

Imithelela ebanzi yepolitiki mbumbulu ingafaka:

• Ukwanda kwengozi yokugxambukela okhethweni, okunemiphumela engaba khona yezombangazwe kanye nezomnotho.
• Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwemikhankaso yolwazi olunganembile, okuqondiswe kumanani abantu abathile ukuze kuthonye ukuziphatha nemibono.
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ezinhlelweni zemfundo yomphakathi ukuthuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala kwabezindaba kanye namakhono okucabanga okujulile.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlaka nemithetho emisha yomthetho ezolawula ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kabi kobuchwepheshe be-deepfake.
• Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe, ohulumeni, nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi okuthola nokuvimbela.
• Umthelela ongaba khona kubuntatheli nobuqotho bemidiya, obudinga amazinga amasha nezinqubo.
• Umthelela ebudlelwaneni bezokusebenzelana, njengoba ama-deepfakes angasetshenziswa ukukhohlisa izingxoxo nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe.
• Izinselelo ekusetshenzisweni komthetho nasezinqubweni zomthetho, njengoba ama-deepfakes engase enze ubufakazi nobufakazi bube nzima.
• Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ekwethembeni komphakathi ezikhungweni, abezindaba, nakubaholi, ekwakheni izindinganiso zentando yeningi nokuzibandakanya komphakathi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Wake wawabona ama-deepfakes futhi ukwazile ukuwakhomba? 
• Ucabanga ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele awufundise kanjani umphakathi ngama-deepfakes?