Ama-Biofuels: Ukukala izinzuzo zomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 7, 2021

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ama-biofuels, azalwa ekuguqulweni kwezinto zezitshalo abe izinto zokubasa eziwuketshezi, aguquke kusukela kubuchwepheshe besizukulwane sokuqala njenge-ethanol ne-biodiesel kuya ezinguqulweni ezithuthukisiwe ezitholakala emithonjeni okungekona okokudla. Lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuqhutshwa isidingo sokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo kanye nokukhathazeka kokuhlinzekwa kokudla, kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwama-hydrocarbon biofuels angangena esikhundleni se-petroleum ezisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibalulekile zengqalasizinda. Ukwenyuka kwama-biofuels kubumba kabusha izimboni, kugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, futhi kukhuthaza imithetho kahulumeni.

Umongo we-Biofuel

Inqubo yokuguqula i-biomass, ehlanganisa izinto zezitshalo, ibe izinto zokubasa eziwuketshezi yabangela ubuchwepheshe besizukulwane sokuqala se-biofuel. Lobu buchwepheshe bukhiqize ngokuyinhloko i-ethanol kanye ne-biodiesel, okusebenze njengezinye izindlela zakuqala kumafutha endabuko ensalela. Ukukhiqizwa kwalawa ma-biofuels kwakuhilela ukuvutshelwa kukashukela ezitshalweni, njengommbila nomoba, noma ukuguqulwa kwamafutha ezitshalo abe yi-biodiesel. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yabhekana nokugxekwa ngenxa yomthelela wayo ongase ube khona ekuhlinzekweni kokudla namanani entengo, kanye nendawo yayo yonke yezemvelo.

Ukubhekana nalezi zinselelo, imboni ye-biofuel yaqala ukutshala imali emithonjeni engelona ukudla, njengezinsalela zezolimo, imfucuza kamasipala, kanye nezitshalo zamandla ezizinikele. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo nentuthuko bekungukudala ama-hydrocarbon biofuels, angasebenza njengezindawo eziqondile zikaphethiloli emishinini eyahlukene, njengezimoto, izinjini ezincane, amaphampu, amathangi, ngisho nezinjini zejethi. Inzuzo yalawa ma-biofuels ukuthi angasetshenziswa kwingqalasizinda ekhona ngaphandle kokudinga ukuguqulwa okubalulekile.

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-biofuels asethuthukile, okuhlanganisa ama-hydrocarbon avuselelekayo, kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga inani elikhulu lamandla. Indawo eyodwa ethembisayo yentuthuko ukusetshenziswa kwe-algae njenge-feedstock. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo entsha yokukhulisa ulwelwe kwenze kwangcono kakhulu ukukhiqiza kwalesi sizukulwane sesithathu se-biofuel. Ngokukhethekile, le ndlela entsha ivumela ukukhula kwamaqoqo e-algae amakhulu ngokuphindwe kashumi kunalawo atshalwa ngezindlela zendabuko. Lokhu kwanda kosayizi kuhumusha isivuno esiphezulu se-biofuel ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-algae, okwenza inqubo isebenze kahle futhi ibe namandla kakhulu kwezomnotho.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sama-biofuels kubangele ukwanda kweziteshi zikaphethiloli ezihlinzeka ngezimoto zikaphethiloli eziguquguqukayo. Ngokukhetha izimoto ezisebenza ku-E85, ingxube kaphethiloli ne-ethanol, abathengi bangaba neqhaza ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenyuka kwama-biofuels kungaphinde kugqugquzele ukudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo, kunikeze izindlela ezintsha zemisebenzi namathuba.

Emabhizinisini, ikakhulukazi lawo asemikhakheni yamandla nezimoto, inkambiso ye-biofuel imele ushintsho kuguquko lwemakethe. Izinkampani ezijwayelana nale nqubo ngokutshala imali emikhiqizweni namasevisi ahambisana ne-biofuel zingathola umkhawulo wokuncintisana. Isibonelo, abakhiqizi bezimoto bangaklama izimoto eziningi ezikwazi ukusebenza ngama-biofuels, kuyilapho izinkampani zamandla zingase zihlukanise iminikelo yazo ukuze zifake ama-biofuels. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi emkhakheni wezolimo nawo angazuza ekwandeni kwesidingo se-biofuel feedstocks, nakuba lokhu kufanele kulinganiswe nesidingo sezitshalo zokudla.

Uhulumeni angadlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-biofuels ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazo nemithethonqubo yezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka futhi ibhekane nemithelela engemihle engase ibe khona yokukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel, okuhlanganisa ukwanda okungaba khona kwesisi esingcolisa umoya ngenxa yezinqubo zokukhiqiza nokucubungula, ukuncintisana phakathi kwe-biofuel nezilimo zokudla, kanye nomthelela ongaba khona kwezemvelo wokwandisa umhlaba wokulima.

Imiphumela ye-biofuels

Imithelela ebanzi yama-biofuels ingase ihlanganise:

• Ama-biofuels asetshenziselwa ukuphehla izimoto, amaphampu, amathangi kanye nezindawo zokuhluza.
• Ukuncipha kokuncika kuwoyela wangaphandle, ukuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kwamandla kazwelonke kanye nokunciphisa ukungezwani kwezwe elihlobene nemithombo yamafutha ensalela.
• Ukukhula komnotho wasemakhaya, njengoba abalimi namabhizinisi ezolimo bengazuza ekwandeni kwesidingo se-biofuel feedstocks.
• Ukuthuthuka kwamandla avuselelekayo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela ezisebenza kahle neziqhubekayo zokukhiqiza i-biofuel.
• Izinguquko zokusetshenziswa komhlaba ezingase zibangele ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
• Ukuncintisana phakathi kwe-biofuel nezitshalo zokudla okuholela emananini aphezulu okudla, okunomthelela ekuvikelekeni kokudla ezindaweni ezithile.
• Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngenxa yokugeleza kukamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa ekutshalweni kwe-biofuel feedstocks.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ama-biofuels angenza umthelela omkhulu ekwehlisweni kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kwezokuthutha nokushisisa?
• Uma ucabangela umthelela kwezolimo nokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ucabanga ukuthi ama-biofuels angumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo osebenzayo?