I-panopticon yaseChina: Uhlelo olungabonakali lwaseShayina lugcina isizwe silawulwa

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• January 24, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ingqalasizinda yokuqapha yaseShayina manje isigcwele wonke amagumbi omphakathi, iqapha izakhamizi zayo ngokungaphezi. Lolu hlelo, oluqiniswe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali, seluguquke lwaba uhlobo lokugunyazwa kwedijithali, oluphula inkululeko yomphakathi ngaphansi kwesibhaxu sokuphepha komphakathi. Ukuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke kwalobu buchwepheshe bokugada, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, kusongela ukusabalalisa lobu gunyazo bedijithali emhlabeni wonke, nemithelela esukela ekukhuleni kokuzihlola kanye nokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kabi okungaba khona kwedatha yomuntu siqu.

Ingqikithi ye-panopticon yaseChina

Ukuqapha okugcwele nokuphikelelayo akuselona iqhinga lesayensi eqanjiwe, futhi imibhoshongo ayiseyona insika yamajele, futhi ayisabonakali kangako. Ubukhona obukhona yonke indawo namandla wengqalasizinda yokuqapha yaseShayina kungaphezu kokubonwa ngamehlo. Igcina amaphuzu angashintshi futhi ibusa ngaphezu kweningi labantu bayo.

Ukwanda kwamandla okuqapha aseShayina ngeminyaka yawo-2010 kube ngaphansi kokubukwa kwabezindaba zamazwe ngamazwe. Uphenyo mayelana nezinga lokubhekwa eChina luveze ukuthi cishe izifunda eziyinkulungwane ezweni lonke zathenga imishini yokuqapha ngo-1,000. Yize uhlelo lwaseChina lokuqapha lungakahlanganiswa ngokugcwele kuzwelonke, kuthathwe igxathu elikhulu ukufeza inhloso yalo enkulu yokuqeda. noma iyiphi indawo yomphakathi lapho abantu bengase bahlale bengagadiwe.

Ngenhloso yesu laseChina lokuthola ukuphakama kwezobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) ngo-2030, ukuvela kokubhekwa kobungcweti bedijithali kwashesha ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19 ngaphansi kwesihenqo sezempilo nokuphepha komphakathi, kodwa ekugcineni, ngezindleko zokwephula umthetho womphakathi. inkululeko. Idumela laseShayina lokucindezela ukungezwani phakathi kwemingcele yalo kwenze ukubalwa kwabantu kujwayelekile endaweni ye-inthanethi, kodwa ukugunyazwa kwedijithali kuwubuqili kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa ukugadwa njalo kwabantu ngabanye nezixuku ngamakhamera, ukubona ubuso, ama-drones, ukulandelela i-GPS, nobunye ubuchwepheshe bedijithali kuyilapho kuqedwa okulindelekile kobumfihlo ekusekeleni ukubusa okugunyaziwe.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuqoqwa okubanzi kwedatha, kuhlanganiswe nama-algorithms okuqonda kanye nokuphishekela ukuphakama kwe-AI, kufinyelele umvuthwandaba ngezindlela zokuthi amaphoyisa aseShayina akwazi ukuhlonza abaphikisi ngesikhathi sangempela. Kucatshangwa ukuthi, esikhathini esizayo, izinhlelo ze-AI zaseShayina zingakwazi ukufunda imicabango engashiwongo, ziqhubeke nokugxilisa isiko elicindezelayo lokulawula nokwesaba futhi ekugcineni ziphuce abantu ubukhosi kanye nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yenkululeko yomuntu siqu. 

Iqiniso le-dystopian elilinywa e-China selilungele ukuthekelisa njengoba liphishekela ukubusa kwezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele. Amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika afakwe ubuchwepheshe bokugada owenziwe eShayina obuthengiswa ngamanani ahlisiwe ukuze kutholakale ukufinyelela kumanethiwekhi nedatha. 

Ukufinyelela okungavinjelwe kumanethiwekhi nedatha emazweni asathuthuka kanye nokuzimela kungaba nzima futhi kushintshe unomphela ibhalansi yamandla ukuze kuvune uhlobo lukahulumeni waseChina. Imibuso yentando yeningi ayinakuvinjwa ukubhekwa okukhulayo, uma kubhekwa ukukhula kwe-monopoly namandla ezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Ngokusobala, abenzi benqubomgomo baseMelika baphoqelekile ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi ubuholi bezobuchwepheshe eNtshonalanga bugcina ukuhola kwabo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AI futhi bunqanda umbhoshongo ongabonakali, ophazamisayo we-panoptic.

Imithelela yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokugadwa kwaseShayina

Imithelela ebanzi yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokugadwa kwaseShayina ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwenyuka kokugunyazwa kwedijithali emazweni emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka lapho imithetho yobumfihlo isencane futhi nengqalasizinda yokugadwa kwedijithali ingakhiwa ibe isisekelo salezi zinhlelo zokuxhumana ngocingo zalezi zizwe. 
• Ingozi enkulu engaba khona yokuphulwa kwedatha okungase kushiye izakhamuzi zamadolobhakazi namazwe asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugada zibe sengcupheni yokusetshenziswa kabi kolwazi oluyimfihlo.
• Ukwanda kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile, lapho ubuchwepheshe bokugada buba yinsakavukela, buba sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi.
• Kukhula ukungezwani kwezepolitiki phakathi kweChina naseNtshonalanga njengoba ijubane lokuthunyelwa kwe-surveillance okwenziwa yi-China likhuphuka.
• Ukushintsha ezinkambisweni zomphakathi, okukhuthaza isiko lokuzihlola nokuvumelana, ukwehlisa ubuntu kanye nokudala.
• Ukuqoqwa kwedatha okubanzi okuhlinzeka uhulumeni ngemininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nokuthambekela kwenani labantu, okuvumela ukuhlela okuyimpumelelo nokwenza izinqubomgomo. Nokho, kungaholela ekuhlaselweni kobumfihlo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi okungaba khona kwedatha yomuntu siqu.
• Ukukhula kwemboni yezobuchwepheshe, ukudala amathuba emisebenzi kanye nokuthuthukisa umnotho, kuyilapho futhi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuncika kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphepha ku-inthanethi.
• Ukucindezela komphakathi oziphathe kahle okuholela kubasebenzi abaphumelelayo, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokukhula komnotho, kodwa futhi kubangele ukwanda kwengcindezi kanye nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo phakathi kwabasebenzi ngenxa yokuqapha njalo.
• Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okufaka izinselele ekusimameni kwemvelo, ngaphandle uma kuqhathaniswa nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinhlelo zokugada zaseShayina kungase kukhulise ukwephulwa kobumfihlo kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi. Ucabanga ukuthi i-US kanye namanye amazwe entando yeningi kufanele banciphise lobu bungozi?
• Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi i-AI kufanele ibe nekhono lokufunda imicabango yakho futhi ihlole izenzo zakho?