Ukwelapha ukulimala komgogodla: Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kubhekana nokulimala okukhulu kwezinzwa

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 6, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Intuthuko ekwelashweni kwe-stem cell ingase ivumele abantu abalimele umgogodla ukuba baphinde bahambe futhi baphile ukuphila okuzimele. Njengoba indlela yokwelapha isilungele ukubumba kabusha ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, iletha imithelela eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuvela kwamamodeli ebhizinisi amasha, ukushintsha kombono womphakathi, kanye nesidingo sezinhlaka zokulawula eziqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kokuziphatha. Ngenkathi ukwelashwa kuthembisa ukuvula izindlela ezingakaze zibonwe kusayensi yezokwelapha, futhi kugcizelela isidingo sokubandakanywa nokufinyeleleka ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.

Amaseli esiqu njengomongo wokwelashwa kokulimala komgogodla

The Ijenali yeClinical Neurology kanye Neurosurgery kubike ngo-2021 ukuthi ithimba labacwaningi eYunivesithi yaseYale e-US lifake ngempumelelo ama-stem cells ezigulini ezinokulimala komgogodla. Ama-stem cells athathwa emnkantsheni weziguli futhi ajovwa ngomthambo, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kwemoto yesiguli. Abacwaningi baqophe izinguquko eziphawulekayo, njengokuthi iziguli zikwazi ukuhamba futhi zinyakaze izandla zazo kalula.

Inqubo yokwelapha yathatha isonto lonke, kwadingeka isikhathi esithile ukuze kulandelwe umthetho olandelwayo ovela kumaseli omnkantsha eziguli. Izethulo zokwelashwa kwe-stem cell bezivele zikhona ngaphambi kwalolu cwaningo, ososayensi basebenze neziguli zohlangothi. Ososayensi base-Yale benze lolu cwaningo ezigulini ezinokulimala okungangeni kokungena komgogodla, njengokuhlukumezeka okuncane kokuwa noma ezinye izingozi. 

Ngo-2020, iMayo Clinic yenza uhlolo olufanayo lomtholampilo olubizwa nge-CELLTOP, lugxile ezigulini ezinokulimala kanzima komgogodla. Ukuhlolwa kwasebenzisa amaseli e-stem atholakala kuzicubu ze-adipose, ezijovwe nge-intrathecally (emseleni womgogodla). Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba sokuqala kukhiqize imiphumela exubile, neziguli ezisabela kahle ekwelashweni, ngokulingene, noma cha nhlobo. Ukuhlolwa kuphinde kwaphakamisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto kuma ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokwelashwa. Esigabeni sesibili, ososayensi baseMayo Clinic babegxile ku-physiology yeziguli ezibonise inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile, benethemba lokuphindaphinda ukuthuthuka kwabo nakwezinye iziguli. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-stem cell therapy yokulimala komgogodla kungavumela abantu abalimele ukuba baphinde bahambe futhi banciphise ukuthembela kwabo osizweni. Lolu shintsho lungaphinda lufinyeze imijikelezo yokwelashwa yalezi ziguli, lwehlise zonke izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezizithola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinkampani zomshwalense zingase ziphendule kulezi ntuthuko ngokufaka ukufinyelela ekwelashweni kwe-stem cell kuzinqubomgomo ezinikezayo, ukudala indawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ebandakanya kakhulu iziguli ezinokulimala komgogodla.

Njengoba izindlela zokwelapha i-stem cell zigqama kakhulu, zingakhuthaza ucwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nesicelo sazo kwezinye izifo nezifo, okuhlanganisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zemizwa. Lokhu kwanda kungavula izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha, kunikeze ithemba kanye nezixazululo ezingase ziphumelele ezigulini emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ohulumeni nezigungu ezilawulayo kungase kudingeke ukuthi zingenelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemithi yokwelapha ye-stem cell, kumiswe izinhlaka zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphephile futhi kutholakala ngendlela efanele.

Izinkampani ezihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha zingase zidinge ukusebenzisana eduze nohulumeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yesikhathi esizayo, kuyilapho futhi zixoxisana nomphakathi obanzi ukuze zifundise umphakathi mayelana nezinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nemikhawulo yokwelashwa kwe-stem cell. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abezindaba bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaliseni ulwazi olunembile futhi bakhuthaze ingxoxo enolwazi ngesihloko, ukusiza umphakathi ukuba uhlole izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi namandla alo mkhakha osafufusa ngombono olinganiselayo. Le ndlela yokubambisana ingaba ukhiye ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ze-stem cell zithuthukiswa ngokuzibophezela futhi zingazuzisa abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imiphumela yokwelapha ukulimala komgogodla ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell 

Imithelela ebanzi yokwelapha ukulimala komgogodla ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell ingabandakanya:

• Ukwanda kokwesekwa komphakathi kokwelashwa kwe-stem cell, ukunqoba ukuphikiswa kwangaphambili kwezenkolo nokuziphatha, kanye nokukhuthaza umphakathi ukuthi wamukele kakhudlwana izinzuzo ezingaba khona zalezi zindlela zokwelapha.
• Ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabantu abanokulimala okungathi sína komgogodla, okungase kubavumele indlela yokululama ngokugcwele, okungase kuholele ekushintsheni kwenani labantu ngokuhlanganyela okwandisiwe kwabantu ababekhubazeke ngaphambili ezindimeni ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi.
• Uhulumeni wenza umthetho ozokwengamela ukuqaliswa kwezimiso zokwelashwa kwe-stem cell, okuvula indlela yezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-stem cell.
• Ukwenyuka kwezimali zezinhlelo zocwaningo ezihlola ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokwelapha ye-stem ekwelapheni okunye ukulimala ngokomzimba njengokuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwengqondo, okungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezikhungo zezokwelapha ezikhethekile nokudala amathuba amasha kubacwaningi nabasebenzi bezempilo.
• Ukuvela kwemakethe yokwelashwa kwe-stem cell, engabona ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli ebhizinisi agxile ekwelashweni komuntu siqu, okungase kuholele ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezempilo nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi aqapha ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa.
• Ukwanda okungaba khona kokungalingani kokunakekelwa kwezempilo, nokufinyelela kokuqala ekwelashweni kwe-stem cell kutholakala ikakhulukazi kubantu abanomnotho omningi, okungase kuqubule ukunyakaza komphakathi okudinga ukufinyelela okulinganayo kulezi zindlela zokwelapha.
• Amathuba okuthi izinkampani zomshwalense zenze izinhlaka zenqubomgomo ezintsha ezizofaka ukwelashwa kwama-stem cell, okungaholela endaweni yemakethe eqhudelana nezinkampani ezilwela ukunikeza usizo oluphelele.
• Ukushintsha kwephrofayili yezibalo zabantu ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, nesidingo esikhulayo sochwepheshe abakhethekile ekwelapheni kwama-stem cell, okungase kube nomthelela izikhungo zemfundo ukuthi zinikeze izifundo ezintsha nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha.
• Amathuba ezingxabano ezingokomthetho ezivela emiphumeleni emibi noma okulindelekile okungafinyelelwanga kusuka ekwelashweni kwe-stem cell, okungaholela esimweni sezomthetho esiyinkimbinkimbi ezungeze ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell ngokulimala komgogodla kuwukwelashwa okubalulekile okufanele imishwalense nezinhlelo zezempilo zikazwelonke zihlanganise? 
• Ucabanga ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kuzothuthuka ngokwanele ukuze kuhoxiswe ngokuphelele ukulimala komgogodla?