Inkinga yokuzala: Ukwehla kwezinhlelo zokuzala

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 24, 2023

Ukwehla kwezinga kanye nenani lesidoda somuntu kuyabonakala ezindaweni eziningi ezisemadolobheni emhlabeni wonke futhi kuxhumene nezifo eziningi. Lokhu kuncipha kwempilo yesidoda kungase kuholele ekungazali, okungase kubeke ikusasa lohlanga lwesintu engcupheni. Ikhwalithi yesidoda kanye nenani lingathonywa yizici ezihlukahlukene, njengeminyaka yobudala, ukukhetha indlela yokuphila, ukuchayeka kwemvelo, kanye nezimo zempilo ezingaphansi. 

Umongo wenkinga yokuzala

Ngokwe-Scientific American, izinkinga zokuzala kwabesilisa nabesifazane zanda cishe ngephesenti elilodwa minyaka yonke emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhlanganisa ukwehla kwezibalo zesidoda, ukwehla kwamazinga e-testosterone, ukwanda komdlavuza wamasende, kanye nokwenyuka kwamazinga okuphuphuma kwesisu kanye nokukhulelwa kwabesifazane. Ukwengeza, inani eliphelele lokuzala emhlabeni wonke lehle cishe ngephesenti elilodwa ngonyaka kusukela ngo-1 kuya ku-1. 

Lezi zinkinga zokuzala zingabangelwa ukuba khona kwamakhemikhali ashintsha amahomoni, abuye aziwe njengamakhemikhali aphazamisa i-endocrine (EDCs), endaweni ezungezile. Lawa ma-EDC angatholakala emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokunakekelwa kwasekhaya kanye neyomuntu siqu futhi aye anda ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950 lapho ukubalwa kwesidoda nokuzala kwaqala ukwehla. Ukudla nepulasitiki kuthathwa njengomthombo oyinhloko wamakhemikhali afana nezibulala-zinambuzane nama-phthalates aziwa ngokuba nomthelela omubi kumazinga e-testosterone ne-estrogen kanye nekhwalithi yesidoda neqanda. 

Ukwengeza, izimbangela zesikhathi eside zezinkinga zokuzala kwabesilisa zihlanganisa ukukhuluphala, ukuphuza utshwala, ukubhema ugwayi, nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, okwabonakala ngokuphawulekayo ukwanda ngemva kobhubhane lwe-COVID-2020 lwango-19. Ukuchayeka ngaphambi kokubeletha kuma-EDC kungathinta ukukhula kokuzala kombungu, ikakhulukazi imibungu yesilisa, futhi kwandise ingozi yokukhubazeka kwezitho zangasese, inani eliphansi lesidoda, kanye nomdlavuza wamasende lapho umuntu esemdala.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Ubude bokuphila kwabesilisa bungase bunciphe kancane kancane, kanjalo nezinga lempilo yabo ngeminyaka yakamuva, uma ukuthambekela kokwehla kwamazinga e-testosterone kuqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ezihlobene nokuhlolwa nokwelashwa zingase zisho ukuthi inkinga yesikhathi eside yokuzala kwabesilisa ingase ithinte ngokulinganayo imindeni ehola kancane engase ibe nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kumasevisi omtholampilo wenzalo. Ukuthuthuka kwezindlela zokuhlaziya isidoda kungalindelwa ukuthi kutholwe isithombe sonke ngale kwesibalo sesidoda futhi kusungulwe izindlela zokuvimbela ezibanzi nezindlela zokwelashwa lapho kungenzeka khona. Izingcingo eziningi zokuvala amapulasitiki kanye nezinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-phthalate nazo zingalindelwa ngeminyaka yawo-2030.

Ngokusobala, ukwehla kwamazinga okuzala kungaholela ekwehleni kwesikhathi eside kobukhulu benani labantu, okungaba nemithelela yezomnotho nezenhlalo. Inani elincane labantu lingaholela ekushodeni kwabasebenzi, kube nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni komnotho nentuthuko. Kungase futhi kubangele isibalo sabantu asebekhulile, ngenani elikhulu labantu asebekhulile abangase badinge usizo lwezempilo oluthe xaxa kanye nezenhlalakahle. Le ntuthuko ingaluthwalisa kanzima uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi icindezele izinsiza zikahulumeni.

Izomnotho ezithuthukile kakade esezibhekene nokwehla kwenani labantu ngenxa yezizukulwane ezincane ezishada kamuva ekuphileni noma ukukhetha ukuhlala zingenabantwana cishe zizozwa ingcindezi eyengeziwe evela enkingeni yokuzala esabalele. Ohulumeni bangase banyuse ama-incentives kanye nemixhaso ukusiza labo abafuna ukukhulelwa. Amanye amazwe anikeza izikhuthazo zezimali, njengezinkokhelo zemali noma ikhefu lentela, emindenini enezingane ukuze ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Abanye bahlinzeka ngezinye izindlela zokusiza ukusiza imindeni ukuthi ikwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezingane kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kokubeletha. Le nketho ingenza kube lula kubazali ukuthi bacabangele ukuba nezingane eziningi.

Imithelela yenkinga yokuzala emhlabeni wonke

Imithelela ebanzi yenkinga yokuzala ingase ihlanganise: 

• Amazinga aphezulu okufa kanye nezindaba ezikhulayo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo phakathi kwemiphakathi ehola kancane.
• Ukuqwashisa okukhulu okuholela ezinyathelweni eziqinile zokuvimbela njengokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ngama-EDC namapulasitiki.
• IMisa idinga ukuvinjelwa kwabaphazamisi be-endocrine ezintweni zansuku zonke kanye nokupakishwa.
• Ohulumeni kwezomnotho ezithuthukile baxhasa ngezimali izindlela zokwelapha inzalo, njenge-in-vitro fertilization (IVF).
• Ukuncipha kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwamarobhothi nemishini ezimele ukukhulisa abasebenzi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma izwe lakho libhekene nenkinga yokuzala, uhulumeni wakho uyisekela kanjani imindeni efuna ukukhulelwa? 

• Yimiphi eminye imiphumela yesikhathi eside engaba khona yokuncipha kwezinhlelo zokuzala?