Ama-algorithms akhiqizayo: Lokhu kungaba ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisa kakhulu ngeminyaka yama-2020s?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 21, 2023

Naphezu kwamahlazo okuqala ajulile adalwa ama-algorithms akhiqizayo, lobu buchwepheshe be-artificial intelligence (AI) buhlala buyithuluzi elinamandla izimboni eziningi—kusuka ezinkampanini zemidiya kuya ezinhlanganweni zokukhangisa kuya ezitudiyo zefilimu—ezibusebenzisela ukudala okuqukethwe okukholakalayo. Abanye ochwepheshe baphikisa ngokuthi i-AI ekhiqizayo kufanele iqashwe eduze kakhulu njengoba amakhono alawa ma-algorithms e-AI maduzane azoba namandla okuhlanekezela futhi akhohlise umphakathi, ingasaphathwa eyokwenza inqwaba yemisebenzi esebenza ikhola emhlophe.

Umongo wama-algorithms okukhiqizayo

I-Generative AI, noma ama-algorithms angakha okuqukethwe (okuhlanganisa umbhalo, umsindo, isithombe, ividiyo, nokunye) ngokungenelela kwabantu okuncane, kwenze amagxathu abalulekile kusukela ngawo-2010. Isibonelo, i-OpenAI's Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) yakhululwa ngo-2020 futhi ithathwa njengenethiwekhi ye-neural ethuthuke kakhulu yohlobo lwayo. Ingakhiqiza umbhalo ongehlukaniseki nokuthile umuntu angabhala. Kwathi ngoNovemba 2022, i-OpenAI yakhipha i-ChatGPT, i-algorithm eyaheha abathengi ababalulekile, imboni ezimele, kanye nentshisakalo yabezindaba ngenxa yekhono layo elimangalisayo lokuhlinzeka ngezimpendulo ezinemininingwane ekwazisweni komsebenzisi kanye nezimpendulo ezicacile kuzo zonke izizinda.

Obunye ubuchwepheshe be-AI obukhiqizayo obuthola ukuduma (kanye nokwaziwa) bangama-deepfakes. Ubuchwepheshe obusemuva kwe-deepfakes busebenzisa amanethiwekhi ezitha ezikhiqizayo (ama-GAN), lapho ama-algorithms amabili aqeqeshana ukukhiqiza izithombe eziseduze nezangempela. Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe bungase buzwakale buyinkimbinkimbi, sekulula ukubukhiqiza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi eziku-inthanethi, ezifana ne-Faceswap ne-ZAO Deepswap, zingakha izithombe ezijulile, umsindo, namavidiyo ngemizuzu (futhi, kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ngokushesha).

Ngenkathi wonke la mathuluzi e-AI akhiqizayo aqale athuthukiswa ukuthuthukisa umshini nobuchwepheshe bokufunda obujulile, asetshenziselwe imikhuba engalungile. Imikhankaso yesizukulwane esilandelayo yokungabi nalwazi kanye nenkulumo-ze iphumelele ngokusebenzisa la mathuluzi. Imidiya yokwenziwa, efana nama-op-eds akhiqizwe yi-AI, amavidiyo, nemifanekiso, iholele esikhukhuleni sezindaba ezingamanga. Ama-deepfake comment bots aseze asetshenziselwa ukuhlukumeza abesifazane nabancane ku-inthanethi. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Amasistimu e-Generative AI abhekana ngokushesha nezicelo ezisabalele kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-2022 yi-Association for Computing Machinery lwathola ukuthi izinkampani zemidiya ezihamba phambili njenge-Associated Press, Forbes, i-New York Times, i-Washington Post, ne-ProPublica zisebenzisa i-AI ukukhiqiza ama-athikili aphelele kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokhu okuqukethwe kubandakanya ukubika ngobugebengu, izimakethe zezimali, ezombusazwe, imicimbi yezemidlalo, kanye nezindaba zangaphandle.

I-Generative AI iphinde isetshenziswe kaningi njengokufaka ngenkathi kubhalwa imibhalo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene, noma yini kusukela kokuqukethwe okukhiqizwe umsebenzisi kanye nenkampani kuya emibikweni ebhalwe izikhungo zikahulumeni. Uma i-AI ibhala umbhalo, ukubandakanyeka kwayo ngokuvamile akuvezwa. Abanye baphikise ngokuthi uma kunikezwe amandla okusetshenziswa kabi, abasebenzisi be-AI kufanele baphumele obala mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Eqinisweni, lolu hlobo lokudalulwa lungase lube umthetho ngasekupheleni kwawo-2020, njengoba kuhlongozwe i-Algorithmic Justice and Online Platform Transparency Act ka-2021. 

Enye indawo lapho kudingeka khona ukudalulwa kwe-AI okukhiqizayo kusekukhangisweni. Ucwaningo lwango-2021 olushicilelwe kuJournal of Advertising luthole ukuthi abakhangisi benza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo eziningi ukuze bakhe “izikhangiso zokwenziwa” ezikhiqizwe ngokuhlaziywa kwedatha nokulungiswa. 

Abakhangisi bavame ukusebenzisa amasu okukhohlisa ukuze benze izikhangiso zibe ngezomuntu siqu, ezinengqondo, noma ezithinta inhliziyo ukuze abathengi bafune ukuthenga umkhiqizo. Ukukhohliswa kwesikhangiso kubandakanya noma yiluphi ushintsho olwenziwe esikhangisweni, njengokuthinta kabusha, ukwenza izimonyo, nokukhanyisa/i-engeli. Kodwa-ke, imikhuba yokukhohlisa yedijithali isibe nzima kakhulu kangangokuthi ingabangela izindinganiso zobuhle ezingenangqondo kanye ne-dysmorphia yomzimba phakathi kwentsha. Amazwe amaningana, njenge-UK, France, ne-Norway, agunyaze ukuthi abakhangisi nabagqugquzeli basho ngokusobala ukuthi okuqukethwe kwabo kushintshiwe yini.

Imithelela yama-algorithms okukhiqiza

Imithelela ebanzi yama-algorithms okukhiqiza ingase ihlanganise: 

• Inqwaba yobungcweti bekhola emhlophe—njengobunjiniyela besofthiwe, abameli, abamele isevisi yamakhasimende, abamele ukuthengisa, nokunye—izobona ukwanda kokuzenzakalela kwemisebenzi yabo enenani eliphansi. Lokhu okuzenzakalelayo kuzothuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwesisebenzi esijwayelekile ngenkathi kunciphisa isidingo sokuthi izinkampani ziqashe ngokweqile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkampani eziningi (ikakhulukazi ezincane noma izinkampani eziphakeme kakhulu) zizothola ukufinyelela kochwepheshe abanamakhono ngesikhathi esibucayi lapho inani labasebenzi emhlabeni wonke lincipha ngenxa yokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwe-boomer.
• I-Generative AI isetshenziselwa ukubhala izingcezu zemibono nezindatshana zobuholi bemicabango.
• Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-generative AI ukuze kuqondiswe inguqulo yedijithali, lapho kubhalwa khona ama-engeli ahlukene wendaba efanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Okuqukethwe okuyimfihlo kusetshenziswa ezikhangisweni nakumamuvi ukuthulisa abalingisi ubudala noma ukubuyisa abashonile.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijulile nezobuchwepheshe ziya ngokuya zifinyeleleka futhi zibe nezindleko eziphansi, okuvumela abantu abaningi ukuba babambe iqhaza kunkulumo-ze kanye nolwazi olungaqondile.
• Amazwe amaningi adinga izinkampani ukuthi zidalule ukusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okukhiqizwe yi-AI, abantu, ababhali, osaziwayo, nabagqugquzeli.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Isetshenziswa kanjani i-AI ekhiqizayo emgqeni wakho womsebenzi, uma kunjalo?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo nezingozi zokusebenzisa i-AI ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe ngobuningi?