Amaphuzu ofuzo: Izingozi ezibaliwe zokuthola izifo zofuzo

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 17, 2022

Abantu abaningi banezifo ezibangelwa ukushintsha kofuzo olulodwa noma eziningi, isimo esivame ukuthonywa izici zofuzo nezemvelo. Abacwaningi bacwaninga lezi zinguquko ukuze bathole ukuqonda okujulile ngendima edlalwa ufuzo ezifweni ezithile. 

Enye indlela yokuthi abantu bafunde ngengozi yabo yokuba nesifo “i-polygenic risk score,” ehlola inani eliphelele lezinguquko zofuzo ezihlobene nesifo. 

Umongo wamagoli we-Genetic

Abacwaningi bahlukanisa izifo zofuzo zibe izigaba ezimbili: (1) izifo zofuzo olulodwa kanye (2) nezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ze-polygenic. Izifo eziningi ezitholwa ngofuzo zithinta izinkulungwane zabantu, futhi ngokuvamile zingalandelelwa ezinhlobonhlobo zofuzo olulodwa, kuyilapho izifo ze-polygeni ziwumphumela wezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-genomic, ezihambisana nezici zemvelo, ezifana nokudla, ukulala, namazinga okucindezeleka. 

Ukuze ubale i-polygenic risk score (PRS), abacwaningi bahlonza izinhlobonhlobo ze-genomic ezikhona kubantu abanezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi baziqhathanise nezakhi zofuzo zabantu abangenazo lezo zifo. Indikimba enkulu yedatha ye-genomic etholakalayo ivumela abacwaningi ukubala ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezitholakala kakhulu kubantu abanesifo esithile. Idatha ibhalwe ngekhodi kukhompuyutha, bese izindlela zezibalo zingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa ubungozi bomuntu ngesifo esithile. 

Umthelela Ophazamisayo 

I-PRS ingasetshenziswa ukubikezela ukuthi ufuzo lomuntu luqhathaniswa kanjani nalabo abanesifo sofuzo. Nokho, ayinikezi isisekelo noma isikhathi sokuqhubeka kwesifo; ibonisa kuphela ukuhlobana hhayi izimbangela. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo oluningi lwe-genomic kuze kube manje luhlole abantu abanokhokho base-Europe kuphela, ngakho-ke akukho datha eyanele mayelana nokuhluka kwe-genomic kusuka kwezinye izakhamuzi ukuze kubalwe ngempumelelo i-PRS yabo. 

Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi akuzona zonke izifo, njengokukhuluphala, ezinezingozi eziphansi zofuzo. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PRS emiphakathini kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthambekela komuntu onikeziwe ezifweni, njengomdlavuza wamabele, ukuze kungenelele kusenesikhathi kanye nokwenza ngcono imiphumela yezempilo. Ukutholakala kwe-PRS kungenza ulwazi lwengozi yezifo lube ngelakho, futhi kuthuthukise impilo yomphakathi iyonke njengoba kungakhuthaza abantu ukuba benze izinguquko endleleni yokuphila ukuze bavimbele noma babambezele ukuqala kwezifo. 

Izicelo zokuthola amaphuzu ngofuzo

Izicelo zezilinganiso zofuzo zingafaka: 

• Ukufanisa izidakamizwa ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo abazama ukuselapha.
• Ukuqoqa imininingwane yofuzo ezinyathelweni zokulawula ubhubhane ngokuthola isithombe esingcono sezakhi zofuzo ezenza abantu abathile bangenwe kalula amagciwane athile. 
• Ukulinganisa amandla omntwana ongqondongqondo nangokwenyama ukwazisa abazali mayelana nokungenelela okungase kube khona ekukhuleni noma amathuba okukhulisa ukukhula kwengane yesikhathi esizayo.
• Ukulinganisa ukwakheka kofuzo kwemfuyo nezilwane ezifuywayo ukuhlola ukuthambekela kwazo ezifweni ezithile zezilwane. 

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Ingabe izakhi zofuzo zinesisindo esingaphezu kwezici zemvelo uma kuziwa ekutholeni izifo? 
• Ingabe kunengqondo ukuthi izinkampani zomshwalense zisebenzise i-PRS ukuze zihlole amaphrimiyamu akhokhelwa abantu ngabanye?