Isivumelwano Esisha Esiluhlaza: Izinqubomgomo zokuvikela izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 12, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Njengoba umhlaba ubhekene nenkinga yesimo sezulu, amazwe amaningi alwela ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ukunqanda ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa nokunciphisa ingozi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuyinhlekelele. Nakuba amadili aluhlaza abonakala njengesinyathelo esiqonde endleleni efanele, eza nezinselele kanye nezithiyo. Isibonelo, izindleko zokuqalisa ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza nengqalasizinda zingaba phezulu ngendlela engafanele emazweni amaningi, futhi kunokukhathazeka ngomthelela walezi zinyathelo emisebenzini nasekukhuleni komnotho.

Umongo wedili entsha eluhlaza

E-European Union (EU), i-Green Deal idinga ukwenziwa kabusha kwamaphesenti angama-40 wemithombo yamandla, kwenze izakhiwo eziyizigidi ezingama-35 ziwonge ugesi, zidale imisebenzi engu-160,000 yokwakha evumelana nemvelo, nokwenza izinqubo zezolimo zisimame ngohlelo lweFarm to Folk. Ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Fit for 55, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide (CO2) kuhloswe ukuthi kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-55 ngo-2030. I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism izokhokhisa intela impahla ebamba ikhabhoni engena endaweni. Ama-Green Bond nawo azokhishwa.

E-US, i-Green New Deal ikhuthaze izinqubomgomo ezintsha, njengokushintshela kugesi ovuselelekayo ngo-2035 nokudala i-Civilian Climate Corps ukuze ilwe nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngokudala imisebenzi eluhlaza. I-Biden Administration iphinde yethula i-Justice40, okuhloswe ngayo ukusabalalisa ubuncane bamaphesenti angama-40 wembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesimo sezulu emiphakathini ethwele kanzima kakhulu, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokungabi nabulungiswa kwezenhlalo. Kodwa-ke, umthethosivivinywa wengqalasizinda ubhekene nokugxekwa ngenani elikhulu lesabelomali esabelwe ingqalasizinda yezimoto nemigwaqo uma kuqhathaniswa nezokuthutha umphakathi. 

Ngaleso sikhathi, eKorea, iGreen New Deal iyiqiniso elingokomthetho, njengoba uhulumeni emisa ukuxhasa ngezimali izitshalo ezishiswa ngamalahle phesheya, wanikeza isabelomali esibalulekile sokwakha kabusha, ukudala imisebenzi emisha eluhlaza, ukubuyisela imvelo, kanye nokuhlela ukufinyelela ku-zero ephumayo. 2050. I-Japan ne-China bayeke ukuxhasa ngemali yamalahle phesheya.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Ukugxekwa okukhulu kwala madili ukuthi athembele kakhulu embonini ezimele, futhi awekho akhuluma ngezinkinga ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njengomthelela ku-Global South, abantu bomdabu, kanye ne-ecosystem. Phesheya kwezilwandle ukuxhaswa ngezimali kukawoyela negesi akuxoxwa ngakho, okuholela ekugxekweni okukhulu. Kuye kwaphikiswana ngokuthi ohulumeni abamemezela lezi zinqubomgomo ezithinta imvelo abakabeki imali eyanele, futhi imisebenzi ethenjisiwe incane ngenani uma iqhathaniswa nesibalo sabantu. 

Izicelo zokukhushulwa kokubambisana phakathi kwezinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele, amaqembu ezombusazwe, nababambiqhaza bamazwe ngamazwe cishe zizovela. I-Big Oil izobona ukwehla kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokwesekwa kwezimali kukahulumeni. Izicelo zokuthi abantu bayeke ukusebenzisa amafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi kuzokhulisa utshalomali kungqalasizinda eluhlaza kanye namandla futhi kudaleke imisebenzi ehlobene. Kodwa-ke, izofaka ingcindezi kuzinsiza ezifana ne-lithium yamabhethri ne-balsa yama-turbine blades. 

Amazwe athile ku-Global South angase alinganisele inani lempahla eluhlaza avumela iNyakatho ukuthi iyikhiphe ukuze ivikele imiphakathi yawo yendabuko kanye nezwe; ngenxa yalokho, ukwenyuka kwamanani amaminerali angavamile emhlabeni kungase kuvame. Umphakathi cishe uzofuna ukuziphendulela njengoba lezi zivumelwano zenziwa. Izinhlobo eziqinile zamadili aluhlaza emthethweni zizophushwa lapho ukungabi nabulungisa kwezemvelo nezomnotho emiphakathini entulayo kungase kusingathwe kangcono.

Imithelela Yesivumelwano Esisha Esiluhlaza

Imithelela ebanzi ye-Green New Deal ingafaka: 

• Ukwenyuka kwamanani ekhabhoni njengoba ohulumeni behlela ukunciphisa uxhaso.
• Ukushoda kwezinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ingqalasizinda esimeme.
• Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni lapho kumbiwa khona izinsiza zengqalasizinda evuselelekayo.
• Ukwakhiwa kwemigwamanda elawulayo enegunya elinamandla phezu kwezinqubomgomo zokutshalwa kwemvelo kanye nengqalasizinda.  
• Izingxabano kuwo wonke amazwe njengoba bezama ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngenkathi bexhasa ngezimali ukukhiqizwa kwamandla angavuseleleki phesheya.
• Ijubane elincishisiwe lokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okungenzeka linciphise amathuba ezehlakalo zesimo sezulu ezivame kakhulu nezibi kakhulu.
• Amandla okudala izigidi zemisebenzi emisha ezimbonini ezihlobene namandla avuselelekayo, ezolimo ezisimeme, kanye nengqalasizinda eluhlaza, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini ebikade ibukelwa phansi noma ishiywe ngemuva ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa komnotho wakudala.
• Ukuncipha kokuthembela emazweni akhiqiza uwoyela njengeRussia kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi, okuvumela ezinye umnotho kazwelonke ukuthi zisungule izindawo zazo zokukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo.
• I-Green New Deal iphakamisa izindinganiso zabasebenzi, iqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi ezimbonini eziluhlaza baphathwa ngendlela efanele futhi banezwi ekubumbeni ukuguqukela emnothweni osimeme.
• I-Green New Deal ivuselela imiphakathi yasemakhaya kanye nokweseka abalimi ekuguqukeleni ezindleleni ezizinzile. 
• Isimo sezindaba ezithinta ipolitiki, esinabagcini bemithetho abaningi abagxeka izinhlelo eziluhlaza njengezimba eqolo futhi eziqinile. 

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi imizamo yamanje yamadili amasha aluhlaza imane isusa usizi lusuka kwenye ingxenye yomhlaba luye kwezinye?
• Lezi zinqubomgomo zingabhekana kanjani ngokwanele nokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo, ezemvelo, kanye nezomnotho?