Umuthi we-AI: Isinyathelo esilandelayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 21, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukufaka ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) ocwaningweni lwezemithi kuguqula indlela esisondela ngayo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, kusukela ekutholeni ama-molecule afihlekile kuya ekusheshiseni ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa okuhlosiwe kakhulu. Lokhu kubambisana kubumba kabusha amamodeli ebhizinisi, izimfuno zabasebenzi, imithetho kahulumeni, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo embonini yezemithi. Nakuba kuthembisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi komuntu siqu, kuphinde kubize indlela ecatshangelwayo yezinselele zokuziphatha.

Ingqikithi yemithi ye-AI

Izinkampani ezenza imithi ziya ngokuya zisebenzisa izinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha nemithi emisha. Isiqalisi saseBrithani i-Exscientia kanye nefemu yaseJapan eyenza imithi i-Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma basebenzise ama-algorithms ahlunga izinkulungwane zezithako ezingase zibe khona ukuze bakhe umuthi ozohlolwa maduze nje kubantu. (Umuthi uhloselwe ukwelapha i-obsessive-compulsive disorder.)

Ubambiswano phakathi kwe-Exscientia ne-Sumitomo Dainippon buyisibonelo esisodwa sezinkampani ezenza imithi kanye neziqalo ze-AI ezibambisene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufunda komshini ukuze kutholwe amaphethini okungenzeka acashe kakhulu noma ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze abantu bawabone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-AI ingasetshenziselwa ukubikezela ukusabela nokuziphatha kwama-molecule amancane ngaphakathi kwenhlanganisela yamakhemikhali engakhiqiza izinto ezifiselekayo emithini. Isibonelo, i-Iktos, inkampani esebenzisa i-AI ukuze ithole imithi emisha, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bayo ezinhlelweni eziningi zokuthola ama-molecule amancane ngokubambisana ne-Pfizer enkulu yezemithi.

Esinye isibonelo ukubambisana phakathi kwe-AstraZeneca ne-BenevolentAI. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili zisebenzisana ukuze zithole imithi emisha yesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona kanye ne-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis—isifo esiyingozi samaphaphu. Inkampani yaseJalimane ye-biotechnology, i-Evotec, nayo yakhe ubudlelwano ne-Exscientia. I-Evotec imemezele isigaba sokuqala sokuhlolwa komtholampilo nge-molecule entsha elwa nomdlavuza, edalwe ngokubambisana ne-Exscientia.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani ezenza imithi kanye neziqalo ze-AI akusheshisi kuphela inqubo yokuthola kodwa futhi kwembula ama-molecule abekade efihliwe kososayensi. Lokhu kuqonda okusha kungavula iminyango yokuqonda izifo ezingeni elijulile nokuthola izindlela zokuzelapha noma ngisho nokuzelapha. Kubantu ngabanye, lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kakhudlwana futhi okusebenzayo, kuyilapho ezinkampanini, kuhumushela kuzinqubo zocwaningo nentuthuko ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukusheshisa ekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa kuyisici esibalulekile somthelela we-AI kulo mkhakha. Ama-algorithms anamandla okuhlunga amanani amakhulu wedatha ezintweni ezingase zibe khona, azihlaziye ngokuqhathanisa nemininingo egciniwe ekhona yamapharamitha engxenyeni yesikhathi okwakuzothatha ithimba lososayensi. Esibonelweni esisodwa esiphawulekayo, uhlolo lwe-Exscientia, umuthi obekuzothatha cishe iminyaka emihlanu ukuze ugunyazwe wawulungele ukulingwa ezinyangeni eziyi-12 nje. Ohulumeni bangazuza kulokhu kukhula kwesivinini ngokuba nemithi ephumelela kakhudlwana etholakale emphakathini ngokushesha, okungathuthukisa impilo yomphakathi iyonke.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezidakamizwa nge-AI nakho kuletha izinselelo okudingeka zixazululwe. Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha, njengamandla okwenzelela kuma-algorithms, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuqashelwe ngokucophelela. Ukwengeza, ukuthembela ku-AI ekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa kungase kuholele ekushintsheni kwamakhono nobungcweti obudingekayo embonini yezemithi. Izikhungo zemfundo zingase zidinge ukulungisa izifundo zazo ukuze zilungiselele ososayensi besikhathi esizayo indawo lapho i-AI idlala indima ebalulekile.

Imithelela yocwaningo lwezemithi olunamandla e-AI

Imithelela ebanzi yocwaningo lwezemithi olunamandla e-AI ingabandakanya:

• Ukubambisana okuthuthukisiwe phakathi kwezinkampani ezenza imithi kanye ne-AI, okuholela endleleni eguquguqukayo yokwelapha izifo ezingelapheki nezingelapheki ngaphambilini.
• Ukusheshisa ukutholwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, okuholela ekuphenduleni okusheshayo ezinkingeni zezempilo ezivelayo kanye nekhono lokubhekana nezifo ezingavamile noma ezinganakiwe.
• Ukwakhiwa kwezidakamizwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu neziqondiswe kangcono, okuvumela umuthi womuntu siqu ongabhekana namaphrofayili wofuzo ngamunye kanye nezimo ezithile zempilo.
• Ushintsho kumamodeli ebhizinisi emboni yezemithi, okugxile ezindleleni eziqhutshwa idatha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI, okungase kuholele emathubeni amasha okutshala izimali kanye namandla ezimakethe.
• Izinguquko ezidingweni zabasebenzi emkhakheni wezokwenziwa kwemithi, ezidinga amakhono amasha agxile kusayensi yedatha ne-AI, futhi okungenzeka kube nomthelela emathubeni omsebenzi ezindima zocwaningo lwendabuko.
• Ohulumeni abalungisa izinhlaka zokulawula ukuze baqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okunesimilo kwe-AI ekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa, ukulinganisa isidingo sokusungula izinto ezintsha ngokushesha nokuphepha kwesiguli kanye nobumfihlo bedatha.
• Ukukhuphuka okungaba khona kwezinga lempumelelo yemithi efika emakethe, enikeza izinketho eziningi zokwelapha futhi ngokunokwenzeka yehlise izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubathengi.
• Izinqubo zocwaningo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukunciphisa imfucuza ezindleleni zokuhlola kanye namaphutha futhi okuholela ekukhiqizeni kwemithi okuzinzile.
• Izinselelo ezingaba khona kumalungelo empahla yobuhlakani bomhlaba kanye nezivumelwano zohwebo, njengoba ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI ekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa kungase kuholele ekucatshangelweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezomthetho nezimiso zokuziphatha emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungakwazi yini ukuthatha umuthi otholakele futhi wathuthukiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-AI?
• Yini okholelwa ukuthi kungaba yizingozi ezingaba khona ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa nokwelashwa okuthuthukiswe amasistimu e-AI ezimeni zabantu?