Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-Microbiome: Ukusebenzisa amagciwane omzimba ukwelapha izifo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 21, 2023

Amagciwane ahlala emzimbeni, aziwa nangokuthi i-microbiome, adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo nempilo enhle iyonke. Ososayensi sebeqala ukuqonda ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi komzimba womuntu namabhaktheriya ahlala kuwo nangaphakathi kwawo. Njengoba lokhu kuqonda kukhula, izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ku-microbiome cishe zizovame ukwanda ekulawulweni kwezifo. Le nqubo ingase ihlanganise ukusebenzisa ama-probiotics ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane anenzuzo noma ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe ukuze kubhekwane nokungalingani kwe-microbiome enomthelela ezimweni ezithile.

Umongo wokwelashwa kwezifo ze-Microbiome

Izigidigidi zamagciwane ziqoqa umzimba womuntu, zenze i-microbiome eguquguqukayo ethinta imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ukusuka kumetabolism kuya ekugomeni. Iqhaza elikhulayo lamabhaktheriya ekugcineni impilo yomuntu nokulawulwa kwezifo liyavela, okwenza abacwaningi bahlose ukunjiniyela i-microbiome ukwelapha izimo eziningi zempilo. Isibonelo, ukwakheka kwamagciwane amathumbu ezinganeni kungabikezela ubungozi bokuthola izifo zokuphefumula njengesifuba somoya kamuva. Abacwaningi e-University of California San Francisco (USCF) basungula indlela yokungenelela ngama-microbial ngo-2021 yezingane ezisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa impilo yazo ngokumelene nalesi sifo. Ucwaningo lokwelashwa kwezifo zamathumbu ezingane (IBD) lungenzeka futhi ngokutadisha ama-gut microbiomes. 

Izifo ezizimele ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis nazo zixhunyaniswa ne-microbiome, futhi ubunjiniyela be-microbiome bunganikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kunezindlela eziningi ezijwayelekile ezicindezela wonke amaseli omzimba. Ngokufanayo, i-microbiota yesikhumba isetshenziselwa ukwelapha iziguli ezine-eczema. Ukunyakaza kwezidakamizwa kanye ne-metabolization emzimbeni nakho kuboshelwe kumagciwane, kuvula imigudu emisha yocwaningo oluthembisayo. 

Ngo-2022, i-Hudson Institute of Medical Research yase-Australia kanye ne-BiomeBank bangenela ubudlelwano beminyaka emine ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe babo kwezokwelapha nge-microbiome. Ukubambisana kuhloswe ukuthatha ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Hudson Institute futhi lusebenzise ekutholakaleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemithi yokwelapha amagciwane. I-BiomeBank, inkampani yesigaba somtholampilo kulo mkhakha, izoletha ulwazi lwayo nolwazi ukuze isize ukuhumusha ucwaningo lube yizinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Njengoba ucwaningo lwe-microbiome luqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-microbiome cishe kuzoba umkhuba ojwayelekile wokuqapha impilo iyonke, ikakhulukazi kusukela esemncane. Le nqubo ingase ibandakanye ukuhlolwa kokungalingani ku-microbiome nokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiswe ukubhekana nazo. Enye yezindawo ezibalulekile okugxilwe kuzo ocwaningweni lwe-microbiome ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, obekukade kuyinselele ukuyelapha ngempumelelo. 

Inani elibalulekile locwaningo lomtholampilo nge-microbiome ligxile ebudlelwaneni bayo nokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, okuhlanganisa i-rheumatoid arthritis, isifo sika-Crohn, kanye ne-multiple sclerosis, ethinta abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingu-24. Nakuba izakhi zofuzo zineqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwalezi zinkinga, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izici zemvelo nazo zithonya ukukhula kwalezi zifo. Ngokuqonda kangcono ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-microbiome kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezisebenza ngempumelelo zingasungulwa. 

Njengoba amandla okwelashwa kwe-microbiome ebonakala ngokwengeziwe, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kocwaningo kulo mkhakha cishe kuzokwanda. Le ntuthuko ingaholela ekukhuleni kwezinkampani ze-biotechnology ezisebenza nge-microbiome Therapeutics kuyilapho, ngasikhathi sinye, zehle isabelo semakethe sabakhiqizi bama-antibiotic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko emkhakheni we-microbiome yomuntu cishe izoholela ekuthuthukisweni kokwelashwa okujwayelekile kanye nokunemba kunendlela yokulinganisa eyodwa esetshenziswa njengamanje kwezokwelapha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukwelashwa kuzofanelana ne-makeup ye-microbiome ethile yomuntu kunokuba kube ukwelashwa okuvamile kwawo wonke umuntu.

Imiphumela yokwelashwa kwezifo ze-microbiome 

Imithelela ebanzi yokwelashwa kwezifo ze-microbiome ingabandakanya:

• Amazinga okuphila athuthukisiwe njengoba izifo eziningi zithola ukwelashwa kanye nokunciphisa izimpawu.  
• Ukuncipha kwezimo zokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic kulandela ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic.
• Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kokuhlolwa kokuxilongwa kwe-gut microbiome ekhaya kubantu abathanda ukuthuthukisa impilo yabo.
• Ukuqwashisa okwengeziwe ngokubaluleka kwempilo yamathumbu kanye ne-microbiome eholela ekushintsheni ekukhetheni kokudla kanye nendlela yokuphila.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa okusekelwe ku-microbiome okuholela emathubeni amasha emakethe nokukhula kwe-biotechnology kanye nezimboni zemithi.
• Ama-ejensi kahulumeni abuyekeza imithetho nezinqubomgomo ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokugunyazwa ukuze ziphendule ngokwelashwa okusekelwe ku-microbiome.
• Ukwelashwa okusekelwe ku-Microbiome kusebenza kangcono kubantu abathile, okuholela ekwehlukeni ekufinyeleleni ekunakekelweni.
• Intuthuko yokulandelana kofuzo nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene ukusekela ukukhula nokuqina kwe-microbiome.
• Ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kokwelashwa okusekelwe ku-microbiome okudinga ukuqeqeshwa nokuqashwa kochwepheshe abasha kulo mkhakha.
• Izindleko zokwelashwa okusekelwe ku-microbiome zingase zibe phezulu futhi zithengeke kuphela kwezinye iziguli.
• Ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa okusekelwe ku-microbiome kungase kuphakamise ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha okuhlobene nokuguqulwa kofuzo kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezinhlelo zemvelo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi izingozi, uma zikhona, ezingalindelwa ekwelashweni kwe-microbiome?
• Ingabe ulindele ukuthi ukwelashwa okunjalo kube ukonga kangakanani?