Ukutshala kabusha kusayensi eyisisekelo: Ukubuyisela ukugxila ekutholeni

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 7, 2023

Nakuba kungaholeli ngaso sonke isikhathi ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo okusheshayo, ucwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo lungabeka isisekelo sempumelelo ebalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene. Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemithi yokugomela i-mRNA phakathi nobhubhane lwango-2020 lwe-COVID-19 kuyisibonelo esihle sokuthi ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lwesayensi lungaba nomthelela ongakanani empilweni yomhlaba. Ukwaba imali eyengeziwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi oluyisisekelo kungasiza ekubhekaneni nezinselele zamanje futhi kuvuleke amathuba amasha okusungula izinto ezintsha zesayensi.

Ukutshala kabusha kumongo wesayensi eyisisekelo

Ucwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo lugxile ekutholeni ulwazi olusha mayelana nendlela umhlaba wemvelo osebenza ngayo. Abacwaningi bacwaninga imiqondo nezinqubo ezibalulekile ukuze baqonde kangcono izinqubo ezikhona ezibusa indawo yonke. Bavame ukuqhutshwa ilukuluku nesifiso sokuhlola imingcele emisha yolwazi. 

Ngokuphambene, izifundo ezisetshenziswayo zocwaningo nentuthuko (i-R&D) zigxile ekudaleni ubuchwepheshe obusha, imikhiqizo, nezinqubo ezinezicelo eziqondile kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo. Iningi loxhaso lwe-R&D luya ocwaningweni olusetshenziswayo, njengoba lunezinzuzo eziningi ezisheshayo nezibambekayo emphakathini. Kodwa-ke, abanye ohulumeni abanjengoCanada kanye ne-US bahlela ukutshala kabusha ocwaningweni lwesayensi oluyisisekelo ukuze bathuthukise okutholakele kwezokwelapha. 

Ukuthuthukiswa okumangalisayo kwemithi yokugoma ye-mRNA phakathi nonyaka kwenze lukhulu ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo. Ubuchwepheshe be-mRNA lumi emashumini eminyaka ocwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo, lapho ososayensi bahlola imithi yokugoma kumagundane ngaphandle kokusebenza okuqondile kwesikhathi esizayo. Nokho, abakutholile kuye kwaphumela esisekelweni esiqinile esiholele ekuthembekeni nasekuphumeleleni kwale mithi yokugoma.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ohulumeni kungenzeka batshale kabusha ocwaningweni lwesayensi oluyisisekelo ngokwakha amalabhorethri azinze enyuvesi, ngokuvamile asungulwe ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe noma eduze kwazo, lapho bengazuza khona ngokuba seduze kwezinye izikhungo zocwaningo, iziqalo, nezinkampani ezisungula izinto ezintsha. Amalabhorethri angafinyelela uxhaso oluzimele kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu ngokubambisana namafemu ezobuchwepheshe namanye amanyuvesi. Leli su lakha umjikelezo wokusungula izinto ezintsha njengoba amalabhorethri nabalingani bawo behlanganyela kumaphrojekthi amasha e-R&D, babelane ngolwazi nobungcweti, futhi basebenzisane ukuze bahwebe ngezinto ezitholakele.

Isibonelo inkampani eyenza imithi i-Merck's Knowledge Quarter (ebiza u-$1.3 billion USD) eyakhiwe maphakathi neLondon. E-US, uhulumeni wobumbano usalele ngemuva kwezimali zocwaningo oluzimele (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-130 uma kuqhathaniswa namabhiliyoni angama-450). Ngisho nangaphakathi kwezimali zocwaningo oluzimele, amaphesenti ama-5 kuphela aya ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo lwesayensi. 

Ezinye izindlela ziyasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izifundo ze-R&D. Ngo-2020, iCongress yaseMelika yethula i-Endless Frontier Act, enikeza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 iminyaka emihlanu ukwakha ingalo yezobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kweNational Science Foundation (NSF). Abaphathi beBiden baphinde babele amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-250 ocwaningweni njengengxenye yohlelo olukhulu lwengqalasizinda. Noma kunjalo, ososayensi banxusa uhulumeni ukuthi abeke isabelomali semali eyengeziwe yesayensi eyisisekelo uma i-US ifuna ukuqhubeka nokuba ngumholi womhlaba wonke kwezentuthuko yesayensi nobuchwepheshe. 

Imithelela yokutshala kabusha kusayensi eyisisekelo

Imithelela ebanzi yokutshala kabusha kusayensi eyisisekelo ingabandakanya:

• Izizinda zocwaningo ezengeziwe ezitholakala enkabeni yezifunda zobuchwepheshe nezamabhizinisi ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni basekhaya, amanyuvesi omphakathi, namafemu azimele.
• Ukwenyuswa kwemali yocwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo oluqondiswe kusayensi yempilo, imithi, kanye nemigomo.
• Amafemu amakhulu ekhemisi ahola ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamazwe ngamazwe ngezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nokukhubazeka kofuzo, umdlavuza, nesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezintsha kanye nokudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi amasha kanye nezindima zemisebenzi.
• Ukwelashwa okusha, amakhambi, namasu okuvimbela izifo, okuholela emiphumeleni yezempilo engcono, isikhathi eside sokuphila, kanye nokwehla kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Okutholakele kanye nokuqanjwa okusha okungasiza ukuvikela imvelo. Isibonelo, ucwaningo ngemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo lungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla ahlanzekile.
• Ukwazisa okukhulu nokuqonda indawo yethu endaweni yonke, okungasisiza ukuba siphathe futhi sivikele izinsiza zethu zemvelo kangcono.
• Amazwe abambisana ukuze akhe phezu kokutholwe ngamanye.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe uyavuma ukuthi ucwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo kufanele lube nezimali ezengeziwe?
• Ucwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo lungakuthinta kanjani ukuphathwa kobhubhane lwesikhathi esizayo?