Ukuhlolwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana: Ukuqinisa inkulumo evikelekile nengathandwa

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun-Foresight
• June 8, 2023

Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-2010, izinkundla zokuxhumana bezigxekwa kakhulu ngokungakwazi kwazo ukubhekana nenkinga yenkulumo enenzondo ngempumelelo. Bake babhekana nezinsolo zokuvumela inkulumo enenzondo ukuthi ichume ezinkundleni zabo futhi bangenzi okwanele ukuyisusa. Nokho, ngisho nalapho bezama ukuthatha isinyathelo, baye baziwa ngokwenza amaphutha futhi bahlulele ngokungalungile okuqukethwe, okuholela ekugxekeni okwengeziwe.

Umongo wokuhlolwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana

Ukucwaninga ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho inkundla yezokuxhumana yehlisa okuthunyelwe ngokubambisana nohulumeni, umphakathi uqala ukubika okuthunyelwe ngobuningi, imibiko yokubuyekezwa komengameli bokuqukethwe, noma kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms. Zonke lezi zindlela zibonakale zinephutha. Okuthunyelwe kwezishoshovu eziningi, njengalezo ezimayelana nenhlangano ye-Black Lives Matter kanye nezizwe ezicindezelwe yimpi, zilokhu zinyamalala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. 

Njengoba ama-algorithms efunda kudathasethi, akhulisa ukuchema okukhona kulolu lwazi. Kube nezimo zokuhlolwa kwemisebenzi okuqhutshwa yi-artificial intelligence (AI) kwemisebenzi evela emiphakathini eyayinganakiwe, ihlaba umkhosi ngokusebenzisa ulimi lwayo ngaphandle kokucabangela izimo zamasiko. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaba umkhosi okuholwa ngabasebenzisi kuvame ukucindezela ilungelo lenkulumo engathandwayo. Ezibonelweni eziningi, lokhu kwakusho inkululeko yokuzonda, njengoba kwaboniswa ukususwa kwe-Facebook kwe-Coldplay's Freedom for Palestine ngemva kokuba abasebenzisi bayibike “njengehlukumezayo.”  

Ukugxambukela kukahulumeni ngokwenza imithetho engacacile kuvula imigudu yokuba nomthelela weqembu kanye nezepolitiki ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kuqhubeke kubukela phansi inkulumo evikelekile. Le mithetho igcizelela kakhulu ukwehliswa kuyilapho ivumela ukugadwa okulinganiselwe kokwahlulela. Ngakho-ke, ukucwaninga okufanelekile akunakwenzeka ngezinhlelo zamanje. Kudingeka abantu abengeziwe abavela emiphakathini enganakiwe enqubweni yokuthatha izinqumo ukuze kwenziwe ukulinganisela kokuqukethwe kube okulungile. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Izishoshovu zamalungelo abantu kungenzeka ziqinise ukugxeka kwazo ukucwaninga ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Ilungelo lokukhuluma ngokukhululeka kanye nokufinyelela olwazini liqukethwe ezivumelwaneni eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe zamalungelo abantu, futhi ukwephulwa kwalezi zivumelwano kungaholela emibhikishweni, ezingxabanweni zomphakathi, ngisho nokulahlwa komhlaba wonke. Iqhaza lezishoshovu zamalungelo abantu ekukhuthazeni inkululeko yokukhuluma libalulekile ekubambeni ohulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele ngezenzo zabo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bayawahlonipha amalungelo abantu.

Uma abasebenzisi benganelisekile ngezinqubomgomo zokwengamela okuqukethwe kwezinkundla ezimisiwe, bangashintshela kwezinye ezinikeza inkululeko enkulu yokukhuluma kanye nokucwaninga okuncane. Lezi zinkundla zingase zibhekane nezinselele ekutholeni amandla, kodwa zingase zamukelwe kabanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungakha imakethe yezinkundla ezincane ezingahlinzeka ngokusobala okukhulu kokuthi zisebenzisa kanjani ama-algorithms.

Ukuze kwehliswe ukugxekwa, izinkundla zokuxhumana ezikhona zingase ziguqule izinqubo zazo zokulinganisela okuqukethwe. Ukwethulwa kwamabhodi omphakathi kungalindelwa, okungasiza ekwakheni ukwethembana phakathi kwabasebenzisi nezinkampani zenkundla yezokuxhumana, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo zokulinganisela okuqukethwe zilungile, aziguquki, futhi zisobala. Ukucaca okukhulu kungadala indawo yedijithali evuleleke kakhudlwana futhi efaka wonke umuntu lapho abantu bengaveza khona imibono nemibono yabo ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokwesaba ukucutshungulwa noma ukuziphindiselela.

Imithelela yokuhlolwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana

Imithelela ebanzi yokuhlolwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukudalwa kwezinkantolo ezizimele lapho abasebenzisi bangaphikisa khona izinqumo zokwehliswa kokuqukethwe.
• Icela ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwama-algorithms kusetshenziswa amasethi edatha ahlukahlukene nezilimi.
• I-Censorship yenza kube nzima kumabhizinisi amancane ukufinyelela izethameli eziqondiswe kubo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwemali engenayo.
• Ukudalwa kwama-echo chambers, lapho abantu besebenzisa kuphela okuqukethwe okuhambisana nezinkolelo zabo. Lokhu kuthambekela kungase kuphinde kuhlukanise imibono yezombusazwe futhi kwenze kube nzima ngabantu ukuzibandakanya ezinkulumweni zezombusazwe ezakhayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kungaba nomthelela omuhle ekuxazululeni inkinga yokungahloniphi nokuqamba amanga. Kodwa-ke, ukucwaninga kungase kuholele ekucishweni kolwazi oluyiqiniso oluphambene nokulandisa okusemthethweni. Le ntuthuko ingase idale ukungathenjwa kwabezindaba nezinye izikhungo.
• Ukucwaninga okunweba ukuhlukaniswa kwedijithali kanye nokukhawulela ukufinyelela olwazini lwemiphakathi enganakiwe.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obungadlula ukucwaninga, okungase kuthuthukise ubumfihlo nokuphepha kwedijithali.
• Ukuhlola okwenza kube nzima kuzishoshovu ukuhlela imibhikisho nokunyakaza ku-inthanethi, okungase kukhawulele umthelela wokulwela umphakathi.
• Ukwenyuka kwamacala abhekiswe ezinhlanganweni nakubantu ngabanye ngokuthunyelwe kwabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kungathuthukiswa kanjani?
• Ingabe siyoke siyixazulule inkinga yokuhlolwa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana?