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ISIKWELETU SESITHOMBE: I-Quantumrun

Ikusasa lobugebengu be-Cybercrime kanye nokufa okuzayo: Ikusasa lobugebengu P2

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
I-LinkedIn

ULwesithathu, 09/16/2020 - 02:44

Ukweba kwendabuko kuyibhizinisi eliyingozi. Uma umgomo wakho bekuyi-Maserati ehlezi endaweni yokupaka, okokuqala bekufanele uhlole indawo okuzungezile, uhlole ofakazi, amakhamera, khona-ke kufanele uchithe isikhathi ugqekeza imoto ngaphandle kokukhubeka i-alamu, uvule ukuthungela, bese uma ushayela, kuzodingeka uhlale uhlolela umnikazi noma amaphoyisa umbono wakho ongasemuva, uthole indawo lapho ungafihla khona imoto, bese ekugcineni uchithe isikhathi uthola umthengi othembekile ozimisele ukubeka ingozi yokuthenga impahla eyebiwe. Njengoba ungacabanga, iphutha kunoma yisiphi salezo zinyathelo lingaholela esikhathini sejele noma okubi nakakhulu.

Sonke leso sikhathi. Yonke leyo stress. Yonke leyo ngozi. Isenzo sokweba izinto ezibonakalayo siya ngokuya sincipha unyaka nonyaka.

Kodwa nakuba izinga lokweba okungokwesiko limile, ukweba ku-inthanethi kuyadlondlobala.

Eqinisweni, ishumi leminyaka elizayo kuyoba ukugijima kwegolide kubaduni bezigebengu. Kungani? Ngoba isikhathi eseqile, ingcindezi, nobungozi obuhambisana nobugebengu obujwayelekile basemgwaqweni akukabi khona emhlabeni wokukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi.

Namuhla, izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingantshontsha amakhulu, izinkulungwane, izigidi zabantu ngesikhathi esisodwa; izinhloso zabo (ulwazi lwezezimali lwabantu) zibaluleke kakhulu kunempahla ebonakalayo; izigebengu zabo ze-inthanethi zingahlala zingabonwa izinsuku ukuya emavikini; bangagwema imithetho eminingi yasekhaya emelene nobugebengu be-inthanethi ngokugebenga okuhlosiwe kwamanye amazwe; futhi okuhle kunakho konke, amaphoyisa ohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi anikezwe umsebenzi wokuwamisa ngokuvamile awanamakhono aphansi ngokudabukisayo futhi awanamali encane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lemali elikhiqizwa ubugebengu be-inthanethi selivele likhulu kunezimakethe zanoma yiluphi uhlobo olulodwa lwesidakamizwa esingekho emthethweni, kusukela ensanguni kuya ku-cocaine, i-meth nokunye. Ubugebengu be-inthanethi bubiza umnotho wase-United States $ 110 billion minyaka yonke futhi ngokusho kwe-FBI I-Internet Crime Complaint Centre (IC3), 2015 yabona ukulahlekelwa okuqopha umlando kwezigidigidi ezingu-1 zamaRandi okubikwe ngabathengi abangu-288,000—khumbula izilinganiso ze-IC3 ukuthi amaphesenti angu-15 kuphela ezisulu zokukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi ezibika ubugebengu bazo.

Uma kubhekwa izinga elikhulayo lobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, ake sibhekisise kabanzi ukuthi kungani kunzima kangaka kuziphathimandla ukubuqeda.

Iwebhu emnyama: Lapho izigebengu ze-inthanethi zibusa kakhulu

Ngo-Okthoba 2013, i-FBI yavala i-Silkroad, imakethe emnyama ye-inthanethi eyake yachuma lapho abantu babengathenga khona izidakamizwa, imithi, neminye imikhiqizo engekho emthethweni/evinjelwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba bebethenga isipika esishibhile se-Bluetooth esivela e-Amazon. . Ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kusebenza okuyimpumelelo kwe-FBI kwathuthukiswa njengegalelo elibi emphakathini okhulayo we-cyber black market … kwaze kwaba yilapho kwethulwa i-Silkroad 2.0 ukuze ithathelwe indawo ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.

I-Silkroad 2.0 nayo ivaliwe November 2014, kodwa phakathi nezinyanga zaphinde zathathelwa indawo inqwaba yezimakethe ezimnyama ezincintisana nazo, nezinhlu zezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-50,000 zihlangene. Njengokunquma ikhanda ku-hydra, i-FBI yathola impi yayo ngokumelene nalawa manethiwekhi obugebengu aku-inthanethi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe ekuqaleni.

Isizathu esisodwa esikhulu sokuqina kwalawa manethiwekhi sizungeza lapho atholakala khona.

Uyabona, iSilkroad kanye nabo bonke abalandela ngemva kwayo bacasha engxenyeni ye-inthanethi ebizwa ngokuthi i-dark web noma i-darknet. 'Uyini lo mkhakha we-cyber?' uyabuza.

Kalula nje: Okuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke komuntu ku-inthanethi kuhilela ukusebenzisana kwakhe nokuqukethwe kwewebhusayithi angafinyelela ngokuthayipha i-URL evamile esipheqululini—okuqukethwe okufinyeleleka embuzweni wenjini yosesho ye-Google. Nokho, lokhu okuqukethwe kumelela iphesenti elincane kuphela lokuqukethwe okufinyeleleka ku-inthanethi, inani eliphakeme lentaba yeqhwa. Okufihliwe (okungukuthi, ingxenye yewebhu 'emnyama') yizo zonke izingobo zolwazi ezinikeza amandla i-inthanethi, okuqukethwe okugcinwe ngokwedijithali emhlabeni, kanye namanethiwekhi ayimfihlo avikelwe ngephasiwedi.

Futhi yileyo ngxenye yesithathu lapho izigebengu (kanye nohlu lwezishoshovu ezinezisusa ezinhle nezintatheli) zizulazula. Basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi Tor (inethiwekhi yokungaziwa evikela ubunikazi babasebenzisi bayo), ukuxhumana ngokuphephile nokwenza ibhizinisi ku-inthanethi.

Kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-darknet kuzokhula kakhulu ekuphenduleni ukwesaba okukhulayo komphakathi mayelana nokugadwa kukahulumeni wasekhaya ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abaphila ngaphansi kwemibuso yobushiqela. I Ukuvuza kwe-Snowden, kanye nokuvuza okufanayo okuzayo, kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi e-darknet anamandla nasebenziseka kalula azovumela ngisho nomsebenzisi ovamile we-inthanethi ukuthi afinyelele i-darknet futhi axhumane ngokungaziwa. (Funda kabanzi ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lobumfihlo.) Kodwa njengoba ungalindela, lawa mathuluzi esikhathi esizayo nawo azothola indlela yawo kukhithi yamathuluzi yezigebengu.

Isinkwa nebhotela yeCybercrime

Ngemuva kweveyili yewebhu emnyama, izigebengu ze-inthanethi zihlela ukuphanga kwazo okulandelayo. Uhlolojikelele olulandelayo lubala izinhlobo ezijwayelekile nezivelayo zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ezenza lo mkhakha uzuze kakhulu.

imikhonyovu. Uma kukhulunywa ngobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, phakathi kwamafomu abonakala kakhulu ahlanganisa imikhonyovu. Lawa amacala ancike kakhulu ekukhohliseni ingqondo yomuntu kunokusebenzisa ukugebenga okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuqondile, lobu bugebengu obuhlanganisa ugaxekile, amawebhusayithi mbumbulu kanye nokulandwa kwamahhala okuklanyelwe ukukusiza ukuthi ufake ngokukhululekile amagama akho ayimfihlo abucayi, inombolo yokuphepha yomphakathi kanye nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile abakhwabanisi abangalusebenzisa ukuze bafinyelele i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange namanye amarekhodi abucayi.

Izihlungi zesimanje zogaxekile be-imeyili kanye nesofthiwe yokuvikela igciwane yenza lobu bugebengu bamakhompuyutha obuyisisekelo kube nzima ukubukhipha. Ngeshwa, ukwanda kwalobu bugebengu cishe kuzoqhubeka okungenani elinye ishumi leminyaka. Kungani? Ngoba phakathi neminyaka eyi-15, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu emazweni asathuthuka bazothola ukufinyelela kuwebhu okokuqala ngqa—laba basebenzisi be-inthanethi abasafufusa (noob) bamele usuku lokukhokha lwesikhathi esizayo lwabakhohlisi abaku-inthanethi.

Ukweba imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu. Ngokomlando, ukweba imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu kwakungenye yezindlela ezazinenzuzo kakhulu zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi, ezikhathini eziningi, abantu babengazi ukuthi ikhadi labo lesikweletu lifakwe engcupheni. Okubi nakakhulu, abantu abaningi ababone ukuthenga okungavamile ku-inthanethi esitatimendeni sekhadi labo lesikweletu (isikhathi esiningi esiyinani elincane) bavame ukukushaya indiva, esikhundleni salokho banquma ukuthi bekungasifanele isikhathi kanye nobunzima bokubika ukulahlekelwa. Kungemva kokuthi kuthengwe okungajwayelekile lapho abantu befuna usizo, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi umonakalo usuwenzekile.

Ngokujabulisayo, izinkampani zamakhadi esikweletu amakhulu ezisebenzisa namuhla sezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekubambeni lokhu kuthenga okuwumgunyathi, ezikhathini eziningi ngaphambi kokuba abanikazi ngokwabo babone ukuthi sekonakele. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lekhadi lesikweletu elintshontshiwe lehlile $26 ngekhadi ukuya ku-$6 e 2016.

Lapho abakhwabanisi abake benza khona izigidi ngokweba izigidi zamarekhodi ekhadi lesikweletu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkampani ze-e-commerce, manje bayacindezelwa ukuthi bathengise imali yabo yedijithali ngobuningi ngamasenti ngedola kubakhwabanisi abambalwa abasakwazi ukusenga labo. amakhadi esikweletu ngaphambi kokuthi amakhompyutha amakhulu ekhadi lesikweletu abambe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu hlobo lobugebengu ku-inthanethi luzoncipha njengoba izindleko nobungozi obuhilelekile ekutholeni lawa makhadi esikweletu, ukuwatholela umthengi phakathi nosuku olulodwa kuya kwezintathu, kanye nokufihla izinzuzo kuziphathimandla kuba nzima kakhulu.

Isihlengo se-Cyber. Njengoba ukuntshontshwa kwamakhadi esikweletu amaningi kuncipha kancane kancane, izigebengu zama-inthanethi zishintsha amaqhinga azo. Esikhundleni sokukhomba izigidi zabantu abanenani eliphansi, sebeqala ukukhomba abantu abanethonya noma abanenani eliphezulu. Ngokugebenga amakhompuyutha abo nama-akhawunti womuntu siqu aku-inthanethi, laba bagebengu bangakwazi ukweba amafayela abekwe icala, abangela amahloni, abizayo noma ahlukanisiwe abangawathengisa bawabuyisele kumnikazi wabo—i-cyber ransom, uma uthanda.

Futhi akubona abantu ngabanye kuphela, izinkampani nazo ziqondiswe. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungase kulimaze kakhulu isithunzi senkampani lapho umphakathi uthola ukuthi ivumele ukugetshengwa kusizindalwazi samakhadi esikweletu samakhasimende awo. Yingakho ezinye izinkampani zikhokhela laba bagebengu ngolwazi lwekhadi lesikweletu eziluntshontshile, ukuze nje kugwenywe ukuthi izindaba ziye emphakathini.

Futhi ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, elifana nesigaba somkhonyovu ngenhla, izigebengu ze-inthanethi eziningi zikhulula 'i-ransomware'—lolu uhlobo lwesofthiwe eyingozi abasebenzisi bakhohliswa ukuthi bayilande bese ibakhiya ngaphandle kwekhompyutha yabo kuze kube yilapho inkokhelo yenziwe kumgebengu we-inthanethi. .

Sekukonke, ngenxa yokuba lula kwalolu hlobo lokweba ku-inthanethi, izihlengo zihlelelwe ukuba zibe uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ngemva kwemikhonyovu evamile eku-inthanethi eminyakeni ezayo.

Izenzo ze-zero-day. Mhlawumbe uhlobo olunenzuzo kakhulu lobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ukuthengiswa kobungozi 'bezinsuku eziyiziro'—lezi iziphazamisi zesofthiwe ezingakatholwa inkampani ekhiqize isofthiwe. Uzwa ngalezi zimo ezindabeni ngezikhathi ezithile noma nini lapho kutholwa iphutha elivumela abagebengu ukuthi bathole ukufinyelela kunoma iyiphi ikhompuyutha ye-Windows, inhloli kunoma iyiphi i-iPhone, noma yebe idatha kunoma iyiphi i-ejensi kahulumeni.

Lezi zimbungulu zimelela ubungozi obukhulu bokuvikeleka bona ngokwabo obuyigugu kakhulu inqobo nje uma behlala bengabonwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi laba bagebengu bangakwazi ukuthengisa lezi ziphazamisi ezingatholakali ngezigidi eziningi ezinhlanganweni zobugebengu zamazwe ngamazwe, izinhlangano zezinhloli, nezifunda eziyizitha ukuze zibavumele ukufinyelela okulula nokuphindaphindiwe kuma-akhawunti abasebenzisi anenani eliphezulu noma amanethiwekhi akhawulelwe.

Yize ibalulekile, lolu hlobo lobugebengu bamakhompuyutha nalo luzoncipha kancane ekupheleni kwawo-2020. Iminyaka embalwa ezayo izobona kwethulwa izinhlelo ezintsha zobuhlakani bokwenziwa kwezokuphepha (AI) ezizobuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke imigqa yekhodi ebhaliwe yomuntu ukuze ihogele ubungozi okungenzeka abathuthukisi be-software abangabantu bangabambi. Njengoba lezi zinhlelo ze-AI zokuphepha ziba zithuthuke kakhulu, umphakathi ungalindela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwesofthiwe okuzayo kuzocishe kuvikeleke kubaduni besikhathi esizayo.

I-Cybercrime njengesevisi

Ubugebengu be-Cybercrime buphakathi kwezinhlobo zobugebengu ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabeni, mayelana nobunkimbinkimbi kanye nezinga lomthelela wabo. Kodwa izigebengu ze-inthanethi azigcini nje ngokwenza lobu bugebengu be-inthanethi ngokwazo. Ezimweni eziningi, laba bagebengu banikela ngamakhono abo akhethekile kumthengi ophakeme kakhulu, osebenza njengama-cyber mercenaries ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu zobugebengu nezifunda eziyizitha. Amaqembu aphezulu obugebengu bamakhompuyutha enza izigidi ngokuzibandakanya kwawo ezinhlobonhlobo zobugebengu bokuqashwa. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zale modeli yebhizinisi entsha 'yobugebengu njengesevisi' ihlanganisa:

Izincwadi zokuqeqesha ngobugebengu be-Cyber . Umuntu ojwayelekile ozama ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe nemfundo ubhalisela izifundo ze-inthanethi kumasayithi e-e-learning njenge-Coursera noma uthenga ukufinyelela kumasemina okuzisiza aku-inthanethi ku-Tony Robbins. Umuntu ongalingani kangako uthenga kuwebhu emnyama, eqhathanisa izibuyekezo ukuze athole amamanuwali angcono kakhulu okuqeqesha ngobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, amavidiyo, kanye nesofthiwe abangayisebenzisa ukuze bagxumele ekugijimeni kwegolide kobugebengu be-inthanethi. Lawa mabhukwana okuqeqesha aphakathi kwemithombo elula yemali engenayo izigebengu zamakhompiyutha ezizuza kuyo, kodwa ezingeni eliphezulu, ukwanda kwazo kwehlisa izithiyo zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ekungeneni nasekunikeleni ekukhuleni kwabo ngokushesha nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ubunhloli nokweba. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu zobugebengu be-cybercrime ukusetshenziswa kwabo ebunhlolini bezinkampani kanye nokweba. Lawa macala angavela ngendlela yenhlangano (noma uhulumeni omele inkampani) ngokungena inkontileka yomgebengu we-inthanethi noma ithimba lomgebengu ukuze lithole ukufinyelela kusizindalwazi esiku-inthanethi esiqhudelana naye ukuze kwebe ulwazi lobunikazi, njengamafomula ayimfihlo noma amadizayini azokwenziwa maduze. -okusunguliwe okunelungelo lobunikazi. Kungenjalo, laba bagebengu bangase bacelwe ukuthi benze esidlangalaleni isizindalwazi sabaqhudelana nabo ukuze bonakalise isithunzi sabo kumakhasimende abo—into esivame ukuyibona kwabezindaba noma nini lapho inkampani imemezela ukuthi ulwazi lwekhadi lesikweletu lamakhasimende abo lusengozini.

Ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla. Uhlobo olubucayi kakhulu lobugebengu bamakhompuyutha be-mercenary lubandakanya ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla eku-inthanethi nengaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Lawa macala angase afake okuthile okungalungile njengokungcolisa iwebhusayithi yesiqhudelani, kodwa angadlulela ekugenxeni izakhiwo nezilawuli zefekthri ukuze kukhubazwe noma kucekelwe phansi impahla/impahla ebalulekile. Leli zinga lokugebenga liphinde lingene endaweni ye-cyberwarfare, isihloko esisihlanganisa ngokuningiliziwe Ikusasa lethu elizayo lochungechunge Lwezempi.

Izinhloso zesikhathi esizayo zobugebengu be-inthanethi

Kuze kube manje, sixoxile ngobugebengu be-inthanethi besimanje kanye nokuvela kwabo okungaba khona kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo. Esingakaxoxi ngakho yizinhlobo ezintsha zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha obungase buvele esikhathini esizayo kanye nezinhloso zabo ezintsha.

Ukugebenga I-inthanethi Yezinto. Olunye uhlobo lwesikhathi esizayo lwabahlaziyi bobugebengu bamakhompuyutha abakhathazeke ngabo-2020 ukugetshengwa kwe-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Kuxoxwe ngowethu Ikusasa le-inthanethi series, IoT isebenza ngokubeka izinzwa zikagesi ezincane-kuya-ku-microscopic kuwo wonke umkhiqizo okhiqiziwe, emishinini eyenza le mikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe, futhi (kwezinye izimo) ngisho nasezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala emishinini eyenza le mikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe. .

Ekugcineni, yonke into onayo izoba nenzwa noma ikhompuyutha eyakhelwe kuyo, kusukela ezicathulweni zakho kuya enkomishini yakho yekhofi. Izinzwa zizoxhumeka kuwebhu ngaphandle kwentambo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zizoqapha futhi zilawule yonke into onayo. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kuxhumana okuningi kungaba inkundla yokudlala yabaduni bakusasa.

Ngokuya ngezisusa zabo, abaduni bangasebenzisa i-IoT ukukuhlola futhi bafunde izimfihlo zakho. Bangasebenzisa i-IoT ukukhubaza yonke into onayo ngaphandle kokuthi ukhokhe isihlengo. Uma bekwazi ukufinyelela kuhhavini wasekhaya noma kusistimu kagesi, bangakwazi ukubhula umlilo bekude ukuze bakubulale bekude. (Ngiyathembisa ukuthi angiyena njalo lo muntu odidekile.)

Ukugebenga izimoto ezizishayelayo. Okunye okuhlosiwe okukhulu kungaba izimoto ezizimele (AV) uma sezisemthethweni ngokuphelele maphakathi nawo-2020. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlasela okukude njengokugebenga izimoto zesevisi yemephu ezisebenzisayo ukuhlela indlela yazo noma ukugebenga okuphathekayo lapho isigebengu sigqekeza imoto futhi siphazamisa ugesi wayo mathupha, zonke izimoto ezizisebenzelayo azisoze zavikeleka ngokuphelele ekugqekezweni. Izimo ezimbi kakhulu zingasukela ekwebeni nje impahla ehanjiswa ngaphakathi kwamaloli azenzakalelayo, ukuthumba ukude umuntu ogibele ngaphakathi kwe-AV, iqondise ukude ama-AVs ukuthi ashayise ezinye izimoto noma awafake engqalasizinda yomphakathi kanye nezakhiwo njengesenzo sobuphekula basekhaya.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze kube nokungenzeleli ezinkampanini eziklama lezi zimoto ezizihambelayo, ngesikhathi sezigunyazwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe emigwaqweni yomphakathi, zizobe seziphephe kakhulu kunezimoto ezishayelwa abantu. Ama-Fail-safes azofakwa kulezi zimoto ukuze angasebenzi lapho kutholwa i-hack noma i-anomaly. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto eziningi ezizimele zizolandelelwa yisikhungo sokuyala esimaphakathi, njengesilawuli sethrafikhi yomoya, ukuze zivalwe ukude izimoto eziziphatha ngokusolisayo.

Igebenga i-avatar yakho yedijithali. Ngokuqhubeka esikhathini esizayo, ubugebengu bamakhompuyutha buzoshintshela ekuqondiseni ubunikazi babantu abaku-inthanethi. Njengoba kuchaziwe ekuqaleni Ikusasa Lokweba isahluko, amashumi amabili eminyaka alandelayo azobona inguquko esuka emnothweni osuselwe kubunikazi ukuya kowodwa ngokusekelwe ekufinyeleleni. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-2030, amarobhothi kanye ne-AI kuzokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo zishibhe kangangokuthi ukweba izinto ezincane kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule. Nokho, okuzogcina futhi kukhule ngenani ubunikazi bomuntu ku-inthanethi. Ukufinyelela kuyo yonke isevisi edingekayo ukuze ulawule impilo yakho kanye nokuxhumana nabantu kuzokwenziwa kalula ngedijithali, kwenze ukukhwabanisa kobunikazi, isihlengo sobunikazi, kanye nesithunzi esiku-inthanethi sigcoba phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinenzuzo kakhulu zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ezizolandelwa.

Inception. Futhi-ke ekujuleni kwekusasa, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-2040, lapho abantu bezoxhuma izingqondo zabo ku-inthanethi (efana namafilimu e-Matrix), abaduni bangase bazame ukuntshontsha izimfihlo ngokuqondile engqondweni yakho (okufana nefilimu, Inception). Futhi, sihlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe ngokuqhubekayo kwikusasa lethu lochungechunge lwe-inthanethi oluxhunywe ngenhla.

Yebo, zikhona ezinye izinhlobo zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ezizovela esikhathini esizayo, zombili lezi ziwela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-cyberwarfare esizoxoxa ngaso kwenye indawo.

Amaphoyisa obugebengu be-Cybercrime ahamba phambili

Kubo bobabili ohulumeni nezinkampani, njengoba izimpahla zabo eziningi zilawulwa endaweni eyodwa futhi njengoba izinsiza zabo eziningi zinikezwa ku-inthanethi, izinga lomonakalo ongase udalwe ukuhlasela okusekelwe kuwebhu lizoba yicala elidlulele kakhulu. Ukusabela, ngo-2025, ohulumeni (ngengcindezi yokunxenxa kanye nokubambisana nezinkampani ezizimele) bazotshala izimali ezinkulu ekwandiseni abasebenzi kanye nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezidingekayo ukuze bavikeleke ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi.

Amahhovisi amasha obugebengu bamakhompuyutha asezingeni ledolobha azosebenza ngokuqondile namabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi ukuze awasize avikele ekuhlaselweni ku-inthanethi futhi anikeze izibonelelo zokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yawo yokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Lawa mahhovisi azophinde axhumanise nozakwabo bakazwelonke ukuze avikele izinsiza zomphakathi kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda, kanye nedatha yabathengi ephethwe yizinkampani ezinkulu. Ohulumeni bazophinde basebenzise le mali enyukile ukuze bangene, baphazamise futhi balethe ubulungiswa abaqaphi abangabodwana kanye namaqembu obugebengu be-inthanethi emhlabeni jikelele.

Kuleli qophelo, abanye benu bangase bazibuze ukuthi kungani unyaka ka-2025 kuwunyaka esibikezela ngawo ohulumeni ukuthi bazothatha isinyathelo sabo ndawonye mayelana nalolu daba olungenamali engapheli. Nokho, ngo-2025, ubuchwepheshe obusha buzovuthwa osethelwe ukushintsha yonke into.

I-Quantum Computing: Ukuba sengozini kosuku oluyiziro emhlabeni jikelele

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeminyaka, ochwepheshe bamakhompyutha baxwayise nge-apocalypse yedijithali eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Y2K. Ososayensi bamakhompyutha besaba ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi unyaka onezinombolo ezine ngaleso sikhathi wawumelelwe kuphela izinombolo zawo ezimbili zokugcina ezinhlelweni eziningi zamakhompiyutha, ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zokuwohloka kobuchwepheshe kwakuzokwenzeka lapho iwashi lika-1999 lishaya phakathi kwamabili okokugcina. Ngenhlanhla, umzamo oqinile wezinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele uhole lolo songo ngenani elifanelekile lokuhlela kabusha okuyisicefe.

Ngeshwa, ososayensi bamakhompyutha manje besaba ukuthi i-apocalypse yedijithali efanayo izokwenzeka maphakathi no-2020s ngenxa yokusungulwa okukodwa: ikhompuyutha ye-quantum. Siyakhava i-compum computing kithi Ikusasa Lekhompyutha uchungechunge, kodwa ngenxa yesikhathi, sincoma ukubuka le vidiyo emfushane engezansi yeqembu laseKurzgesagt elichaza kahle le nqubo emisha eyinkimbinkimbi:

Ukufingqa, ikhompuyutha ye-quantum maduzane izoba idivayisi enamandla kakhulu yokuhlanganisa eyake yadalwa. Izobala ngemizuzwana izinkinga ama-supercomputer aphezulu angadinga iminyaka ukuze azixazulule. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle zezinkambu ezibalwayo ezifana ne-physics, logistics, nemithi, kodwa futhi kungaba isihogo embonini yezokuphepha yedijithali. Kungani? Ngoba ikhompuyutha ye-quantum ingaqhekeza cishe zonke izinhlobo zokubethela ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje futhi izokwenza kanjalo ngemizuzwana. Ngaphandle kokubethela okuthembekile, zonke izinhlobo zezinkokhelo zedijithali nokuxhumana ngeke zisasebenza.

Njengoba ungacabanga, izigebengu nezifunda eziyizitha zingenza umonakalo omkhulu uma lobu buchwepheshe buwela ezandleni zabo. Yingakho amakhompyutha e-quantum emelela ikhadi lasendle lesikhathi esizayo okunzima ukulibikezela. Kungakho futhi ohulumeni bezokhawulela ukufinyelela kumakhompyutha e-quantum kuze kube yilapho ososayensi basungula ukubethela okusekelwe ku-quantum okungavikela kulawa makhompyutha azayo.

Ikhompuyutha ye-cyber enikwe amandla nge-AI

Kuzo zonke izinzuzo izigebengu zesimanje ezijabulelayo ngokumelene nezinhlelo ze-IT eziphelelwe yisikhathi zikahulumeni nezinkampani, kunobuchwepheshe obusafufusa okufanele bubuyisele ibhalansi kubafana abalungile: I-AI.

Sikusikisele lokhu ngaphambilini, kodwa ngenxa yentuthuko yakamuva ku-AI kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufunda okujulile, ososayensi sebeyakwazi manje ukwakha i-AI yokuphepha yedijithali esebenza njengohlobo lohlelo lokuzivikela ku-inthanethi. Isebenza ngokumodela yonke inethiwekhi, idivayisi, nomsebenzisi ongaphakathi kwenhlangano, isebenzisana nabalawuli bezokuphepha be-IT abangabantu ukuze baqonde uhlobo olushiwo lwemvelo evamile/ukuphakama kokusebenza kwemodeli, bese iqhubeka nokuqapha uhlelo 24/7. Uma kwenzeka ithola isenzakalo esingahambelani nemodeli echazwe ngaphambili yokuthi inethiwekhi ye-IT yenhlangano kufanele isebenze kanjani, izothatha izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa le nkinga (efana namangqamuzana egazi amhlophe omzimba wakho) kuze kube yilapho umlawuli wezokuphepha we-IT wenhlangano engakwazi ukubuyekeza lolu daba. ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-MIT kuthole ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwakhe kwabantu ne-AI kwakwazi ukukhomba ukuhlaselwa okumangazayo okungamaphesenti angama-86. Le miphumela isuka emandleni azo zombili izinhlangothi: ukuhlakanipha kwevolumu, i-AI ingakwazi ukuhlaziya imigqa yekhodi eminingi kakhulu kunomuntu; kuyilapho i-AI ingase ihumushe ngokungeyikho konke okungavamile njengokugebenga, kuyilapho empeleni bekungaba iphutha elingenangozi lomsebenzisi langaphakathi.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zizoba ngabanikazi be-AI yazo yokuvikeleka, kuyilapho ezincane zizobhalisela insiza yezokuphepha ye-AI, njengoba nje ubungathanda ukubhalisela isofthiwe eyisisekelo yokulwa namagciwane namuhla. Isibonelo, i-IBM's Watson, ngaphambilini a Umpetha we-Jeopardy, ikhona manje uyaqeqeshwa ngomsebenzi ku-cybersecurity. Uma isitholakala emphakathini, i-Watson cybersecurity AI izohlaziya inethiwekhi yenhlangano futhi iqoqe idatha engahlelekile ukuze ithole ngokuzenzakalelayo ubungozi izigebengu ezingazisebenzisa.

Enye inzuzo yalawa ma-AI okuvikela ukuthi uma sebethole ubungozi bokuphepha ngaphakathi kwezinhlangano ababelwe kuzo, bangaphakamisa amapeshi esofthiwe noma ukulungiswa kwekhodi ukuze kuvalwe lokho kuba sengozini. Uma kunikezwe isikhathi esanele, lawa ma-AI okuphepha azokwenza ukuhlaselwa ngabaduni babantu kungenzeki.

Futhi ukubuyisela iminyango yamaphoyisa yobugebengu be-inthanethi engxoxweni, uma ngabe i-AI yezokuphepha ibona ukuhlaselwa kwenhlangano engaphansi kwayo, izokwazisa ngokuzenzakalelayo lawa maphoyisa endawo futhi isebenzisane namaphoyisa awo e-AI ukulandelela indawo yomgebengu we-inthanethi noma ihogele okunye ukuhlonza okuwusizo. imikhondo. Leli zinga lokuxhumanisa okuzenzakalelayo kwezokuphepha lizovimbela abaduni abaningi ekuhlaseleni okuhloswe ngenani eliphezulu (isb. amabhange, izingosi ze-e-commerce), futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzophumela ekugebengwini okunamandla okuncane kakhulu okubikwe kwabezindaba ... ngaphandle kwalapho amakhompyutha e-quantum engaqoqi yonke into. .

Izinsuku zobugebengu be-Cybercrime zibaliwe

Maphakathi nawo-2030s, i-AI yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ekhethekile izosiza onjiniyela besofthiwe bakusasa ukuthi bakhiqize isofthiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala (noma eziseduze nokumahhala) zamaphutha omuntu kanye nokuba sengozini okukhulu okungagetshengwa. Phezu kwalokhu, i-cybersecurity AI izokwenza ukuphila ku-inthanethi kuphephe ngokulinganayo ngokuvimba ukuhlaselwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okubhekiswe kuhulumeni nezinhlangano zezezimali, kanye nokuvikela abasebenzisi be-inthanethi abasafufusa kumagciwane ayisisekelo kanye nemikhonyovu ye-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhompiyutha amakhulu anika amandla lezi zinhlelo ze-AI zesikhathi esizayo (okungenzeka zilawulwe ohulumeni kanye nedlanzana lezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezinethonya) zizoba namandla kangangokuthi zizomelana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuphonswa kuzo izigebengu zobugebengu ngabanye.

Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ukuthi abaduni bazophela ngokuphelele eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ezayo, kusho ukuthi izindleko kanye nesikhathi esihlobene nokugetshengwa kobugebengu kuzokhuphuka. Lokhu kuzophoqa abagebengu bezemisebenzi ukuthi bangene ebugebengwini be-inthanethi obusha kakhulu noma babaphoqe ukuthi basebenzele ohulumeni babo noma izinhlangano zezinhloli lapho bezothola khona ukufinyelela emandleni ekhompyutha adingekayo ukuze bahlasele amasistimu akusasa. Kodwa sekukonke, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zobugebengu be-inthanethi ezikhona namuhla zizoshabalala maphakathi nawo-2030.