Ukuthinta, amahologramu, nokulayisha ingqondo yesitayela se-matrix

Okokuqala, kwakungamakhadi e-punch, kwase kuba igundane eliyisakhiwo sodumo nekhibhodi. Amathuluzi nezinhlelo esizisebenzisayo ukusebenzelana namakhompuyutha yikho okusivumela ukuthi silawule futhi sakhe umhlaba osizungezile ngezindlela ezingenakucatshangwa kokhokho bethu. Sesihambe ibanga elide ukuze siqiniseke, kodwa uma kuziwa emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kubonwa (i-UI, noma izindlela esisebenzisana ngazo nezinhlelo zekhompiyutha), asikaboni lutho okwamanje.

Ezingxenyeni ezimbili zokugcina zochungechunge lwethu lwe-Future of Computers, sihlole ukuthi izinto eziqanjiwe ezizayo zisethelwa kanjani ukubumba kabusha ukuthobeka. microchip futhi idrayivu yediski izokwethula izinguquko zomhlaba kwezamabhizinisi nasemphakathini. Kodwa lokhu kuqanjwa kuzoba mnyama uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubekelaphambili ye-UI manje ehlolwa kumalebhu esayensi nasemagaraji emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho isintu sisungula indlela entsha yokuxhumana—kungaba inkulumo, amazwi abhaliwe, umshini wokunyathelisa, ucingo, i-inthanethi—umphakathi wethu ohlangene uye waqhakaza ngemibono emisha, izinhlobo ezintsha zomphakathi, nezimboni ezintsha ngokuphelele. Iminyaka eyishumi ezayo izobona inguquko elandelayo, inani elilandelayo leqa ekuxhumaneni nasekuxhumaneni ... futhi ingase imise kabusha ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba umuntu.

Iyini i-interface yomsebenzisi enhle, noma kunjalo?

Inkathi yokuhlohla, ukumpintsha, nokuswayipha amakhompyutha ukuze enze lokho esikufunayo saqala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Kwabaningi, iqale nge-iPod. Lapho sasijwayele ukuchofoza, ukuthayipha, nokucindezela izinkinobho eziqinile ukuze sikhulume nemishini yethu yefa, i-iPod yandisa umqondo wokuswayiphela kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla kumbuthano ukuze ukhethe umculo obufuna ukuwulalela.

Ama-smartphones esikrini sokuthinta aqala ukungena emakethe ngaleso sikhathi futhi, ethula uhla lweminye imiyalo ethintekayo efana ne-poke (ukulingisa ukucindezela inkinobho), i-pinch (ukusondeza ngaphandle nangaphandle), cindezela, ubambe futhi uhudule (ukweqa. phakathi kwezinhlelo, ngokuvamile). Le miyalo ethintekayo yathola ukuthambekela ngokushesha phakathi komphakathi ngenxa yezizathu eziningi: Yayimisha. Zonke izingane ezipholile (ezidumile) zazikwenza. Ubuchwepheshe besikrini esithintwayo buye bashibhile futhi bujwayelekile. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunyakaza kwazizwa kungokwemvelo, kunembile.

Yilokho i-UI yekhompuyutha enhle emayelana nayo: Ukwakha izindlela ezingokwemvelo nezinembile zokusebenzelana nesofthiwe namadivayisi. Futhi leso isimiso esiyinhloko esizoqondisa amadivayisi we-UI wesikhathi esizayo ozofunda ngawo.

Ukukhonkotha, ukumpintsha, nokuswayipha emoyeni

Kusukela ngo-2015, ama-smartphones athathe indawo yamaselula ajwayelekile emazweni amaningi athuthukile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba manje isijwayelene nemiyalo ehlukahlukene yokuthinta eshiwo ngenhla. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza nangemidlalo, abasebenzisi be-smartphone bafunde izinhlobonhlobo zamakhono angabonakali okulawula ama-supercomputers emaphaketheni abo.

Yilawa makhono azolungiselela abasebenzisi igagasi elilandelayo lamadivayisi—amadivayisi azosivumela ukuthi sihlanganise kalula umhlaba wedijithali nezimo zethu zomhlaba wangempela. Ngakho-ke ake sibheke amanye amathuluzi esizowasebenzisa ukuze sizulazule emhlabeni wethu wesikhathi esizayo.

Ukulawula ukuthinta okuvulekile. Kusukela ngo-2015, sisesenkathini encane yokulawula ukuthinta. Sisaqhweba, sincinza, futhi siswayipha indlela yethu ezimpilweni zethu zamaselula. Kodwa lokho kulawula ukuthinta kancane kancane kuvula indlela yokulawula ukuthinta okuvulekile. Kubadlali abakhona, ukusebenzisana kwakho kokuqala nalokhu kungenzeka bekuwukudlala imidlalo ye-Nintendo Wii esebenza kakhulu noma imidlalo yakamuva ye-Xbox Kinect—womabili ama-consoles asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula ukunyakaza okuthuthukisiwe ukufanisa ukunyakaza kwabadlali nama-avatar egeyimu.

Nokho, lobu buchwepheshe abuhlali buvalelwe kumageyimu evidiyo kanye nokwenziwa kwefilimu kwesikrini esiluhlaza; Maduze izongena emakethe ye-elekthronikhi ebanzi yabathengi. Isibonelo esisodwa esimangalisayo sokuthi lokhu kungase kubukeke kanjani ibhizinisi le-Google elibizwa nge-Project Soli (buka ividiyo yayo yedemo emangalisayo nefushane. lapha). Abathuthukisi bale phrojekthi basebenzisa i-radar encane ukulandelela ukunyakaza okuhle kwesandla sakho neminwe ukuze balingise i-poke, ncinza, futhi swayipha emoyeni ovulekile esikhundleni sokuphambene nesikrini. Lolu uhlobo lobuchwepheshe oluzosiza ukwenza okugqokekayo kube lula ukusebenziseka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukhange nakakhulu kubabukeli ababanzi.

Isixhumi esibonakalayo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ukuthatha lokhu kulawula kokuthinta komoya ovulekile kuqhubekela phambili ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwayo kwemvelo, maphakathi nawo-2020s, singabona isixhumi esibonakalayo sedeskithophu esivamile—ikhibhodi ethembekile negundane—ithathelwa indawo kancane isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuthinta, ngesitayela esifanayo esidume imuvi, Ingcosana. Bika. Eqinisweni, u-John Underkoffler, umcwaningi we-UI, umeluleki wezesayensi, kanye nomsunguli wezigcawu ze-holographic gesture interface evela kuMinority Report, okwamanje usebenza ku- inguqulo yempilo yangempela-ubuchwepheshe abhekisela kubo njengendawo yokusebenza kwendawo yokusebenza komshini womuntu.

Usebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, ngolunye usuku uyohlala noma ume phambi kwesibonisi esikhulu futhi usebenzise ukuthinta kwezandla okuhlukahlukene ukuze uyale ikhompuyutha yakho. Kubukeka kupholile ngempela (bheka isixhumanisi ngenhla), kodwa njengoba ungase uqagele, ukuthinta kwezandla kungase kube kuhle ukweqa iziteshi ze-TV, ukukhomba/ukuchofoza izixhumanisi, noma ukuklama amamodeli anezinhlangothi ezintathu, kodwa ngeke kusebenze kahle uma ubhala isikhathi eside. izindatshana. Kungakho njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuthinta obuvula umoya bufakwa kancane kancane ku-elekthronikhi yabathengi abaningi, cishe buzojoyinwa izici ezihambisanayo ze-UI njengomyalo wezwi othuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe bokulandelela iris.

Yebo, ikhibhodi ethobekile, ephathekayo ingase iqhubeke iphila kuze kube u-2020s ... okungenani kuze kube yilapho lezi zindlela ezimbili eziqanjiwe ziyifake ngokugcwele ekupheleni kwalelo shumi leminyaka.

I-Haptic hologram. Amahologramu esiwabone sonke mathupha noma kumamuvi ajwayele ukuba ukuboniswa kwe-2D noma kwe-3D kokukhanya okubonisa izinto noma abantu abandiza emoyeni. Okufanayo konke lokhu okuqagelayo ukuthi uma ufinyelela ukukubamba, uzothola umoya omncane kuphela. Lokho ngeke kube njalo isikhathi eside.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha (bona izibonelo: one futhi ezimbili) ziyathuthukiswa ukuze zenze amahologramu ongawathinta (noma okungenani alingise inzwa yokuthinta, okungukuthi ama-haptics). Kuye ngenqubo esetshenzisiwe, kungaba amagagasi e-ultrasonic noma i-plasma projection, ama-haptic hologram azovula imboni entsha ngokuphelele yemikhiqizo yedijithali engasetshenziswa emhlabeni wangempela.

Cabanga ngakho, esikhundleni sekhibhodi ebonakalayo, ungaba ne-holographic engakunikeza umuzwa ongokomzimba wokuthayipha, noma kuphi lapho umi khona egumbini. Lobu buchwepheshe yibona obuzofaka phakathi I-Minority Report interface evulekile futhi uqedele iminyaka yedeskithophu evamile.

Cabanga ngalokhu: Esikhundleni sokuthwala ikhompyutha ephathekayo ephathekayo, ngolunye usuku ungaphatha iwafa encane eyisikwele (mhlawumbe usayizi wekesi le-CD) engaveza isikrini esithintekayo nekhibhodi. Uma uthatha isinyathelo esisodwa phambili, cabanga ngehhovisi elinedeski kanye nesihlalo kuphela, bese kuba nomyalo wezwi olula, ihhovisi lonke liphrojekthi ngokwalo elikuzungezile—indawo yokusebenzela ye-holographic, imihlobiso yodonga, izitshalo, njll. Ukuthenga ifenisha noma umhlobiso esikhathini esizayo. kungase kuhlanganise ukuvakashela isitolo sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokuvakasha e-Ikea.

Okungokoqobo okungokoqobo nokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona. Ngokufanayo nama-haptic hologram achazwe ngenhla, okungokoqobo nokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kuzodlala indima efanayo ku-UI yama-2020s. Ngayinye izoba nezabo izindatshana ezizozichaza ngokugcwele, kodwa ngenjongo yalesi sihloko, kubalulekile ukwazi lokhu okulandelayo: Okungokoqobo okungokoqobo kuzogcina kakhulu kumageyimu athuthukisiwe, ukulingisa ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokubonwa kwedatha yeshumi leminyaka ezayo.

Okwamanje, okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kuzoba nokukhangayo kwezohwebo okubanzi kakhulu njengoba kuzomboza ulwazi lwedijithali emhlabeni wangempela; uma uke wayibona ividiyo yephromo yengilazi ye-Google (ividiyo), khona-ke uzoqonda ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bungaba wusizo kangakanani ngelinye ilanga uma sebuvuthiwe maphakathi nawo-2020.

Umsizi wakho we-virtual

Sifake amafomu okuthintwa nawokunyakaza kwe-UI esethelwe ukuthatha amakhompuyutha ethu azayo nezinto zikagesi. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola olunye uhlobo lwe-UI olungase luzizwe lungokwemvelo nakakhulu futhi lunembile: inkulumo.

Labo abangabanikazi bamamodeli akamuva e-smartphone cishe sebevele bahlangabezane nokuqashelwa kwenkulumo, noma ngabe isesimweni se-iPhone Siri, i-Google Now ye-Android, noma i-Windows Cortana. Lawa masevisi aklanyelwe ukukuvumela ukuthi uxhumane nefoni yakho futhi ufinyelele ibhange lolwazi lewebhu kalula nje ngokutshela laba 'abasizi abangokoqobo' lokho okufunayo.

Kuyisenzo esimangalisayo sobunjiniyela, kodwa futhi asiphelele. Noma ubani odlalwe ngalezi zinsizakalo uyazi ukuthi bavame ukuyihumusha kabi inkulumo yakho (ikakhulukazi labo bantu abanezimpawu eziqinile) futhi ngezikhathi ezithile bakunikeza impendulo obungayifuni.

Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kuhluleka ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside. Google kumemezela ngoMeyi 2015 ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bayo bokuqaphela inkulumo manje bunezinga lephutha elingamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili kuphela, kanye nokuncipha. Uma uhlanganisa leli zinga lephutha eliwayo nezinto ezintsha ezinkulu ezenzeka ngama-microchips ne-cloud computing, singalindela ukuthi abasizi ababonakalayo babe nembe ngendlela ethusayo ngo-2020.

Bukela le vidiyo ngesibonelo salokho okungenzeka nokuthi yini ezotholakala esidlangalaleni eminyakeni embalwa emifushane.

Kungase kuthuse ukubona, kodwa abasizi ababonakalayo abaklanywayo njengamanje ngeke baqonde inkulumo yakho ngokuphelele, kodwa bazophinde baqonde umongo wemibuzo oyibuzayo; bayobona izimpawu ezingaqondile ezinikezwa iphimbo lakho; bazophinde bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni ezinde nawe, imidlalo-isitayela.

Sekukonke, abasizi be-virtual abasuselwa ekuqashelweni kwezwi bazoba indlela eyinhloko esifinyelela ngayo iwebhu ngezidingo zethu zolwazi zansuku zonke. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobo ezingokomzimba ze-UI ezihlolisiswe ngaphambilini cishe zizobusa ukuzijabulisa kwethu nemisebenzi yedijithali egxile emsebenzini. Kodwa lesi akusona isiphetho sohambo lwethu lwe-UI, kude nalo.

Faka i-Matrix ene-Brain Computer Interface

Lapho nje ucabanga ukuthi sizokuhlanganisa konke, kunolunye futhi uhlobo lokuxhumana olunembile futhi olungokwemvelo kunokuthinta, ukunyakaza, nenkulumo uma kuziwa emshinini olawulayo: ukucabanga ngokwakho.

Le sayensi iyinkambu ye-bioelectronics ebizwa ngokuthi i-Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). Kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-implant noma idivayisi yokuskena ubuchopho ukuze ugade amaza obuchopho bakho futhi uwahlanganise nemiyalo yokulawula noma yini eqhutshwa ikhompuyutha.

Eqinisweni, kungenzeka awukaqapheli, kodwa izinsuku zokuqala ze-BCI seziqalile. Abanqanyuliwe manje ukuhlola izitho zerobhothi kulawulwa ingqondo ngokuqondile, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinzwa ezinamathele esiphunzini somuntu osigqokile. Ngokunjalo, abantu abakhubazeke kakhulu (njengama-quadriplegics) bakhona manje usebenzisa i-BCI ukuqondisa izihlalo zabo ezinamasondo ezinenjini futhi usebenzise izingalo zamarobhothi. Kodwa ukusiza abanqanyulwe isitho kanye nabantu abakhubazekile baphile izimpilo ezizimele akusilo izinga lalokho i-BCI ezokwazi ukukwenza. Nalu uhlu olufushane lokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo manje:

Ukulawula izinto. Abacwaningi babonise ngempumelelo ukuthi i-BCI ingavumela kanjani abasebenzisi ukulawula imisebenzi yasendlini (ukukhanyisa, amakhethini, izinga lokushisa), kanye nohlu lwamanye amadivaysi nezimoto. Buka ividiyo yokubonisa.

Ukulawula izilwane. Ilebhu ihlole ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa kwe-BCI lapho umuntu ekwazile ukwenza a Lab rat unyakazisa umsila esebenzisa imicabango yakhe kuphela.

Ubuchopho-kuya-umbhalo. Amaqembu ku US futhi Germany bakha uhlelo oluhlukanisa amaza obuchopho (imicabango) abe umbhalo. Ukuhlola kokuqala kuphumelele, futhi bathemba ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe abukwazanga ukusiza umuntu ovamile nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bunikeze abantu abanokukhubazeka okunzima (njengesazi sefiziksi esaziwayo, uStephen Hawking) ikhono lokuxhumana nomhlaba kalula.

Ubuchopho-kuya-ubuchopho. Ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lososayensi likwazile ukulingisa i-telepathy ngokuba nomuntu oyedwa ovela eNdiya acabange igama elithi "sawubona," futhi nge-BCI, lelo gama laguqulwa lisuka kumagagasi obuchopho layiswa kukhodi kanambambili, labe selithunyelwa nge-imeyili eFrance, lapho leyo khodi kanambambili yaguqulwa yaba amaza obuchopho, ukuze ibonwe ngumuntu owamukelayo. . Ukuxhumana kobuchopho nobuchopho, bantu!

Ukurekhoda amaphupho nezinkumbulo. Abacwaningi baseBerkeley, eCalifornia, benze intuthuko emangalisayo ekuguquleni amagagasi obuchopho abe yizithombe. Izihloko zokuhlolwa zethulwe ngochungechunge lwezithombe ngenkathi zixhunywe kuzinzwa ze-BCI. Lezo zithombe ezifanayo zabe zakhiwa kabusha esikrinini sekhompyutha. Izithombe ezakhiwe kabusha beziyi-super grainy, kodwa uma kunikezwe cishe iminyaka eyishumi yesikhathi sokuthuthuka, lobu bufakazi bomqondo ngelinye ilanga buzosivumela ukuthi silahle ikhamera yethu ye-GoPro noma siqophe amaphupho ethu.

Sizoba Abathakathi, usho?

Kunjalo wonke umuntu, ngeminyaka yawo-2030 futhi eseyinsakavukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-2040, abantu bazoqala ukuxhumana nabanye futhi nezilwane, balawule amakhompyutha nezinto zikagesi, babelane ngezinkumbulo namaphupho, futhi bazulazule kuwebhu, konke ngokusebenzisa izingqondo zethu.

Ngiyazi ukuthi ucabangani: Yebo, lokho kwakhula ngokushesha. Kodwa kusho ukuthini konke lokhu? Ngabe lobu buchwepheshe be-UI buzowumisa kanjani kabusha umphakathi wethu owabiwe? Hhayi-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi kuzomele ufunde isitolimende sokugcina sochungechunge lwethu lwekusasa lamakhompyutha ukuze uthole.

IKUSASA LAMA-COMPUTER SERIES LINKS

I-Moores Law's Slowing Appetite for Bits, Bytes, and Cubits: Ikusasa Lamakhompyutha P1

I-Digital Storage Revolution: Ikusasa Lamakhompiyutha P2

I-Society kanye ne-Hybrid Generation: Ikusasa Lamakhompiyutha P4