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Ukusuka ekwandiseni impilo eyeqisayo kuye ekungafi: Ikusasa labantu P6

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
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Msombuluko, 09/14/2020 - 13:31

Ngo-2018, abacwaningi be-Biogerontology Research Foundation kanye ne-International Longevity Alliance bahambisa incwadi isiphakamiso esihlanganyelwe kwiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba ukuze ihlukanise kabusha ukuguga njengesifo. Ezinyangeni kamuva, Ukubuyekezwa kwe-11 kwe-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) yethule ngokusemthethweni ezinye izimo ezihlobene nokuguga njengokuncipha kwengqondo okuhambisana neminyaka.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba, ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni wesintu, inqubo eyake yemvelo yokuguga isiqala ukuguqulwa njengesimo okufanele silashwe futhi sivinjwe. Lokhu kancane kancane kuzoholela ekutheni izinkampani ezithaka imithi kanye nohulumeni baqondise kabusha uxhaso emithini emisha nemithi yokwelapha engagcini nje ngokunweba iminyaka yokuphila komuntu kodwa ehlehlisa ngokuphelele imiphumela yokuguga.

Kuze kube manje, abantu basemazweni athuthukile baye babona isilinganiso sabo sobude bokuphila sikhuphuka sisuka ku-~35 ngo-1820 saya ku-80 ngo-2003. Futhi ngentuthuko ozofunda ngayo, uzobona ukuthi lokho kuqhubekela phambili kuzoqhubeka kanjani kuze kube yilapho u-80 eqala ukusha. 40 Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi abantu bokuqala ababelindeleke ukuba baphile baze bafinyelele ku-150 base bezelwe.

Singena enkathini lapho singeke sijabulele nje kuphela iminyaka yokuphila eyengeziwe, kodwa futhi nemizimba yobusha eyengeziwe kuze kube sekugugeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esanele, isayensi izothola nendlela yokuvimbela ukuguga ngokuphelele. Sekukonke, sesizongena ezweni elisha elinesibindi lokuphila isikhathi eside.

Ukuchaza ukuphila isikhathi eside nokungafi

Ngezinjongo zalesi sahluko, noma nini lapho sibhekisela ekuphileni isikhathi eside noma ukunwetshwa kwempilo, sibhekisela kunoma iyiphi inqubo enweba isilinganiso sobude bokuphila komuntu sibe izinombolo ezintathu.

Khonamanjalo, lapho sikhuluma ngokungafi, esisuke sikusho ngempela ukungabibikho kokuguga okungokwemvelo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma usufinyelele iminyaka yobudala (okungenzeka uneminyaka engaba ngu-30), indlela yokuguga yemvelo yomzimba wakho izovalwa futhi esikhundleni sayo kube yinqubo yokunakekelwa kwebhayoloji eqhubekayo egcina iminyaka yakho ingashintshi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi awugonyiwe ekuhlanyeni noma ekuvikelekeni emiphumeleni ebulalayo yokugxuma usuka esibhakabhakeni ngaphandle kweparachute.

(Abanye abantu sebeqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi 'isimo sokungafi' ukuze babhekisele kule nguqulo yokungafi okulinganiselwe, kodwa kuze kube lokho kuqhubekela phambili, sizomane sinamathele 'ekungafini.')

Kungani siguga nhlobo?

Ukuze kucace, awukho umthetho wendawo yonke endalweni othi zonke izilwane eziphilayo noma izitshalo kufanele zibe neminyaka eyi-100 emisiwe. Izinhlobo zasolwandle ezifana ne-Bowhead whale kanye neGreenland Shark zirekhodwe ukuthi ziphile iminyaka engaphezu kuka-200, kanti i-Galapagos Giant Tortoise ephila isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. usanda kufa lapho sesikhulile sineminyaka engu-176. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izilwane zasolwandle ezijulile njenge-jellyfish, izipontshi namakhorali azibonakali nhlobo ziguga.

Izinga abantu abaguga ngalo kanye nengqikithi yesikhathi imizimba yethu esivumela ukuba siguge ithonywa kakhulu ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, futhi, njengoba kushiwo esethulweni, intuthuko kwezokwelapha.

Amantongomane namabhawodi okuthi kungani siguga namanje akukacaci, kodwa abacwaningi bagxile emibonweni embalwa ekhombisa amaphutha ofuzo kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo yikona okufanele kusolwe kakhulu. Ngokukhethekile, ama-molecule namangqamuzana ayinkimbinkimbi akha imizimba yethu ayaziphindaphinda futhi azilungise ngokwawo phakathi neminyaka eminingi yokuphila kwethu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaphutha ofuzo okwanele kanye nokungcola kunqwabelana emzimbeni wethu ukuze kuwohloke kancane kancane la ma-molecule namangqamuzana ayinkimbinkimbi, okuwenza angasebenzi kahle aze ayeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele.

Ngokujabulisayo, ngenxa yesayensi, leli khulu leminyaka lingase libone isiphetho sala maphutha ezakhi zofuzo nezinto ezingcolisa indawo ezungezile, futhi lokho kungase kusinike iminyaka eminingi eyengeziwe esingabheka phambili kukho.

Amaqhinga okuzuza ukungafi

Uma kuziwa ekuzuzeni ukungafi kwebhayoloji (noma okungenani ubude bempilo obunwetshiwe), ngeke kube khona i-elixir eyodwa eqeda unomphela inqubo yethu yokuguga. Kunalokho, ukuvimbela ukuguga kuzobandakanya uchungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha ezincane ezizogcina seziyingxenye yenhlalakahle yomuntu yaminyaka yonke noma uhlobo lokunakekela impilo.

Inhloso yalezi zindlela zokwelapha kuzoba ukuvala izakhi zofuzo zokuguga, kuyilapho kwelapha wonke umonakalo kanye nokulimala emizimbeni yethu phakathi nokusebenzelana kwethu kwansuku zonke nendawo esihlala kuyo. Ngenxa yale ndlela ehlanganisa yonke into, ingxenye enkulu yezindlela zokwelashwa isayensi ngemuva kokwelula ubude besikhathi sethu sempilo isebenza ngokuhambisana nezinjongo zomkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo jikelele zokwelapha zonke izifo kanye nokwelapha konke ukulimala (kuhlolisiswe kwethi Ikusasa Lempilo uchungechunge).

Ukugcina lokhu engqondweni, sihlukanise ucwaningo lwakamuva lwemithi yokwengeza impilo ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zazo:

Izidakamizwa ze-Senolytic. Ososayensi bazama ngezinhlobonhlobo zezidakamizwa abathemba ukuthi zingamisa inqubo yebhayoloji yokuguga (I-Senescence igama lejagoni elimnandi lalokhu) futhi andise kakhulu ubude bempilo yomuntu. Izibonelo ezihamba phambili zalezi zidakamizwa ze-senolytic zihlanganisa:

I-Resveratrol. Njengoba idume emibukisweni yezingxoxo ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, le nhlanganisela etholakala ewayinini elibomvu inomphumela ovamile futhi omuhle ekucindezelekeni komuntu, isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukusebenza kobuchopho, nokuvuvukala kwamalunga.
I-Alk5 kinase inhibitor. Ezivivinyweni zakuqala zaselebhu kumagundane, lesi sidakamizwa sabonisa imiphumela ethembisayo ekwenzeni izicubu ezigugayo nezicubu zobuchopho zisebenze zibe zintsha futhi.
I-Rapamycin. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okufanayo kulo muthi embule imiphumela ehlobene nokuthuthukisa i-metabolism yamandla, ukwandiswa kwesikhathi sokuphila kanye nokwelapha izifo ezihlobene nokuguga.
I-Dasatinib ne-Quercetin. Le nhlanganisela yezidakamizwa enwetshiwe isikhathi sokuphila namandla okuzivocavoca umzimba kwamagundane.
I-Metformin. Sekungamashumi eminyaka esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela, ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalo muthi embule umthelela oseceleni ezilwaneni zelebhu ezibone ubude bazo obumaphakathi bempilo bunwebeka kakhulu. I-FDA manje isigunyaze izivivinyo ze-Metformin ukubona ukuthi ingaba nemiphumela efanayo yini kubantu.

Ukushintshwa kwesitho. Kuhlolisiswe ngokugcwele isahluko sesine ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lezempilo, maduze nje sizongena esikhathini lapho izitho ezingasebenzi kahle zizothathelwa indawo yizitho zokwenziwa ezingcono, ezihlala isikhathi eside, nezivimbela ukwenqatshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulabo abangawuthandi umqondo wokufaka inhliziyo yomshini ukupompa igazi lakho, siphinde sihlole ukusebenza kokuphrinta kwe-3D, izitho ze-organic, sisebenzisa amaseli eziqu zomzimba wethu. Ndawonye, lezi zinketho zokushintsha izitho zingase zicindezele isilinganiso sobude bokuphila komuntu siye eminyakeni eyi-120 kuya kwengama-130, njengoba ukufa ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezitho kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule.

Ukuhlelwa kofuzo kanye nokwelashwa kofuzo. Kuhlolwe ngokuphelele ngaphakathi isahluko sesithathu ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lezempilo, singena ngokushesha enkathini lapho ngokokuqala ngqa, abantu beyoba nokulawula okuqondile phezu kwekhodi yofuzo yezinhlobo zethu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekugcineni sizokwazi ukulungisa izinguquko ku-DNA yethu ngokufaka i-DNA enempilo esikhundleni sazo. Ekuqaleni, phakathi kuka-2020 kuya ku-2030, lokhu kuzosho ukuphela kwezifo eziningi zofuzo, kodwa ngo-2035 kuya ku-2045, sizokwazi ngokwanele nge-DNA yethu ukuze sihlele lezo zakhi ezifaka isandla enqubweni yokuguga. Eqinisweni, ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kokuhlela i-DNA ye Amagundane futhi izimpukane sebevele baphumelele ekweluleni isikhathi sabo sokuphila.

Uma sesiyifezile le sayensi, singabe sesithatha izinqumo mayelana nokuhlela isandiso sesikhathi sokuphila singene ngqo ku-DNA yezingane zethu. Funda kabanzi mayelana izingane zomklami kithi Ikusasa Lokuziphendukela Kwabantu chungechunge.

Nanotechnology. Kuhlolisiswe ngokugcwele isahluko sesine ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lezempilo, i-Nanotechnology yigama elibanzi lanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesayensi, ubunjiniyela, nobuchwepheshe obulinganisa, obushintshashintshayo noma obuhlanganisa izinto esikalini sama-nanometer angu-1 no-100 (amancane kuneseli elilodwa lomuntu). Kusasele amashumi eminyaka ukusetshenziswa kwale mishini emincane, kodwa lapho iba ngokoqobo, odokotela bakusasa bayomane basijove ngenaliti egcwele izigidigidi zama-nanomachine azobe esebhukuda emizimbeni yethu elungisa noma yimuphi umonakalo ohlobene nokukhula abawutholayo.

Imiphumela yomphakathi yokuphila isikhathi eside

Uma sicabanga ukuthi sishintshela emhlabeni lapho wonke umuntu ephila ukuphila okude kakhulu (singathi, kufika ku-150) enemizimba eqinile, emisha, izizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ezijabulela lokhu kunethezeka cishe kuzodingeka ukuthi bacabange kabusha ukuthi bahlela kanjani impilo yabo yonke.

Namuhla, ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokuphila esilindelwe kabanzi seminyaka elinganiselwa ku-80-85, abantu abaningi balandela indlela eyisisekelo yokuphila lapho uhlala khona esikoleni futhi ufunde ubungcweti kuze kube yiminyaka engu-22-25, qalisa umsebenzi wakho bese ungenela isikhathi eside esingathí sina. -ubudlelwano besikhathi ngama-30, qala umndeni futhi uthenge imali mboleko ngeminyaka engama-40, ukhulise izingane zakho bese ulondolozela umhlalaphansi uze ufinyelele eminyakeni engama-65, bese uthatha umhlalaphansi, uzama ukujabulela iminyaka yakho esele ngokuchitha iqanda lesidleke sakho.

Kodwa-ke, uma leyo nkathi yokuphila elindelekile inwetshwa ibe ngu-150, ifomula yesigaba sempilo echazwe ngenhla ichithwa ngokuphelele. Ukuqala, kuzoba nengcindezi encane ukuze:

Qala imfundo yakho yangemva kwesecondary ngokushesha ngemva kwesikole samabanga aphezulu noma ingcindezi encane yokuqeda iziqu zakho kusenesikhathi.
Qala futhi unamathele emsebenzini owodwa, inkampani noma imboni njengoba iminyaka yakho yokusebenza izovumela ubungcweti abaningi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
Shada ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuholela ezikhathini ezinde zokuphola; ngisho nomqondo wemishado yaphakade kuyodingeka ucatshangelwe kabusha, okungenzeka ukuthi uthathwe esikhundleni yizivumelwano zomshado ezithatha amashumi eminyaka eziqaphela ukungapheleli kothando lweqiniso ukuphila okunwetshiwe.
Yiba nezingane kusenesikhathi, njengoba abesifazane benganikela amashumi eminyaka ekusunguleni imisebenzi ezimele ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuba yinyumba.
Futhi ukhohlwe ngomhlalaphansi! Ukuze uthole isikhathi sokuphila esifinyelela kumadijithi amathathu, uzodinga ukusebenza kahle kulawo madijithi amathathu.

Futhi kohulumeni abakhathazekile ngokuhlinzeka izizukulwane zezakhamizi esezikhulile (njengoba kuchaziwe ku isahluko esedlule), ukuqaliswa okusabalele kwezindlela zokwelapha zokwandisa impilo kungaba yi-godsend. Isibalo sabantu esinalolu hlobo lwesikhathi sokuphila singamelana nemiphumela engemihle yokwehla kwezinga lokukhula kwenani labantu, sigcine amazinga okukhiqiza esizwe ezinzile, sigcine umnotho wethu wamanje osekelwe ekusetshenzisweni, futhi sinciphise izindleko zikazwelonke ekunakekelweni kwezempilo nokuvikeleka komphakathi.

(Kulabo abacabanga ukuthi ukwandiswa kwempilo okusabalele kuzoholela emhlabeni onabantu abaningi kakhulu, sicela ufunde ukuphela kwe isahluko sesine yalolu chungechunge.)

Kodwa ingabe ukungafi kuyafiseleka?

Izincwadi ezimbalwa eziqanjiwe ziye zahlola umbono womphakathi wabantu abangafi futhi iningi liwuveze njengesiqalekiso ngaphezu kwesibusiso. Okokuqala, asinalo ulwazi lokuthi ingqondo yomuntu ingahlala ibukhali, isebenza kahle noma iphile kahle iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-nootropics athuthukile, singase sigcine sinesizukulwane esikhulu sabantu abangafi.

Okunye okukhathazayo ukuthi abantu bangakwazisa yini ukuphila ngaphandle kokwamukela ukufa kuyingxenye yekusasa labo. Kwabanye, ukungafi kungase kubangele ukuntula ugqozi lokuzizwela ngentshiseko izehlakalo ezibalulekile zempilo noma ukuphishekela nokufeza imigomo emikhulu.

Ngasohlangothini lwe-flip, ungenza futhi impikiswano yokuthi ngokuphila okunwetshiwe noma okungenamkhawulo, uzoba nesikhathi sokuthatha amaphrojekthi nezinselele okungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzicabangele. Njengomphakathi, singase sinakekele kangcono indawo yethu esiyimbumba njengoba sizohlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze sibone imiphumela emibi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Uhlobo oluhlukile lokungafi

Sesivele sibhekene namazinga amarekhodi okungalingani kwengcebo emhlabeni, yingakho uma sikhuluma ngokungafi, kufanele futhi sicabangele ukuthi kungaba kubi kangakanani lokho kwahlukana. Umlando ubonise ukuthi noma nini lapho ukwelashwa okusha, okukhethekile kungena emakethe (okufana nokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki okusha noma izinqubo zokwenziwa kwamazinyo), ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthengeka kuphela ngabacebile.

Lokhu kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokudala isigaba sabantu abacebile abangafi abampilo yabo iyodlula kude eyabampofu nabaphakathi. Isimo esinjena nakanjani sizokwenza kube nezinga elengeziwe lokungazinzi emphakathini njengoba labo abavela ezizindeni eziphansi zenhlalomnotho bezobona abathandekayo babo befa ngenxa yokuguga, kuyilapho abacebile bengaqali nje ukuphila isikhathi eside kodwa futhi bebuyela emuva.

Yebo, isimo esinjalo singaba sesikhashana nje njengoba amandla onxiwankulu ekugcineni ehlisa inani lalezi zindlela zokwelapha zokwandisa impilo phakathi neshumi leminyaka noma emibili yokukhululwa kwazo (kungakapheli u-2050). Kodwa phakathi naleso sikhathi, labo abangenamali elinganiselwe bangase bakhethe uhlobo olusha noluthengekayo lokungafi, oluzochaza kabusha ukufa ngendlela esikwazi ngayo, nolunye oluzohlanganiswa esahlukweni sokugcina salolu chungechunge.