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ISIKWELETU SESITHOMBE: I-Quantumrun

Ukuphela kokulimala ngokomzimba nokukhubazeka unomphela: Ikusasa Lempilo P4

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
I-LinkedIn

ULwesibili, 09/15/2020 - 05:38

Ukuze kuqedwe ukulimala okungapheli, ngokomzimba, umphakathi wethu kufanele wenze ukukhetha: Ingabe sidlala uNkulunkulu ngebhayoloji yethu yomuntu noma siba umshini?

Kuze kube manje ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lezempilo, sigxile ekusaseni lemithi nokwelapha izifo. Futhi nakuba ukugula kuyisizathu esivame kakhulu esenza sisebenzise uhlelo lwethu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, izizathu ezingavamile ngokuvamile zingaba ithuna kakhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wazalwa unokukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma uhlushwa ukulimala okukukhawula okwesikhashana noma unomphela ukuhamba kwakho, izinketho zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezitholakalayo njengamanje ukukwelapha ngokuvamile zikhawulelwe. Asikabi nawo amathuluzi okulungisa ngokugcwele umonakalo owenziwe ufuzo olungalungile noma ukulimala kanzima.

Kepha maphakathi nawo-2020, lesi simo esikhona sizobe sesiphenyiselwa ekhanda laso. Ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili ekuhleleni i-genome echazwe esahlukweni esandulele, kanye nentuthuko yamakhompiyutha amancane namarobhothi, inkathi ubuthakathaka obungokomzimba obungapheli buzophela.

Umuntu njengomshini

Uma kuziwa ekulimaleni okungokomzimba okubandakanya ukulahlekelwa isitho, abantu banokunethezeka okumangalisayo ngokusebenzisa imishini namathuluzi ukuze baphinde bakwazi ukuhamba. Isibonelo esisobala kakhulu, i-prosthetics, ibilokhu isetshenziswa iminyaka eyinkulungwane, evame ukubhekwa ezincwadini zasendulo zamaGreki namaRoma. Ngo-2000, abavubukuli bathola umuntu oneminyaka engu-3,000 ubudala. izinsalela ezigxiliwe yowesifazane wasebukhosini waseGibhithe owayefake uzwane lokufakelwa olwakhiwe ngokhuni nangesikhumba.

Uma kubhekwa lo mlando omude wokusebenzisa ubuhlakani bethu ukubuyisela izinga elithile lokunyakaza ngokomzimba nempilo, akufanele kusimangaze ukuthi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje ukubuyisela ukuhamba okuphelele kuyamukelwa ngaphandle kokubhikisha nokuncane.

I-Smart prosthetics

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngenkathi umkhakha we-prosthetics ungowakudala, nawo wephuze ukuvela. Lawa mashumi eminyaka ambalwa adlule abone intuthuko ekunethezekeni kwawo kanye nokubukeka kwawo okufana nokuphila, kodwa kuphela eminyakeni eyishumi nengxenye edlule lapho inqubekelaphambili yeqiniso yenziwe khona kulo mkhakha ngokuphathelene nezindleko, ukusebenza, kanye nokusebenziseka.

Isibonelo, lapho kungabiza kufika ku-$100,000 ngokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, abantu manje sebengakwazi. sebenzisa amaphrinta e-3D ukuze wakhe ama-prosthetics angokwezifiso (kwezinye izimo) ngaphansi kuka-$1,000.

Khonamanjalo, kulabo abagqoka imilenze yokufakelwa abakuthola kunzima ukuhamba noma ukugibela izitebhisi ngokwemvelo, izinkampani ezintsha zisebenzisa umkhakha we-biomimicry ukuze zakhe izitho zokufakelwa ezinikeza kokubili ukuhamba okungokwemvelo nokugijima, kuyilapho zisika ijika lokufunda elidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe lezi zokufakelwa.

Enye inkinga ngemilenze yokufakelwa ukuthi abasebenzisi bavame ukuyithola ibuhlungu ukuyigqoka isikhathi eside, noma ngabe yakhiwe ngendlela engokwezifiso. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi izitho zokufakelwa ezinesisindo ziphoqa isikhumba somuntu onqunyiwe nenyama ezungeze isiphunzi sakhe ukuba sichotshozwe phakathi kwethambo labo kanye ne-prosthetic. Inketho eyodwa yokuxazulula le nkinga ukufaka uhlobo lwesixhumi esisebenza emhlabeni wonke ngqo ethanjeni lonqunyuliwe (okufana nokufakwa kwe-ocular kanye nezinyo). Ngaleyo ndlela, imilenze yokufakelwa ingase “ifakwe ethanjeni” ngokuqondile. Lokhu kususa isikhumba ezinhlungwini zenyama futhi kuvumela onqunyiwe ukuthi athenge izinhlobo zokwenziwa ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi ezingasadingi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.

Kodwa olunye lwezinguquko ezijabulisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwabanqunyelwe izingalo noma izandla zokufakelwa, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obukhula ngokushesha obubizwa ngokuthi i-Brain-Computer Interface (BCI).

Ukunyakaza kwe-bionic okunikwe amandla ubuchopho

Kuxoxwe okokuqala kweyethu Ikusasa Lamakhompyutha series, i-BCI ihilela ukusebenzisa isigxivizo noma idivayisi yokuskena ubuchopho ukuze kuqashwe amaza obuchopho bakho futhi siwahlanganise nemiyalo yokulawula noma yini eqhutshwa ikhompuyutha.

Eqinisweni, kungenzeka awukaqapheli, kodwa iziqalo ze-BCI seziqalile. Abanqanyuliwe manje ukuhlola izitho zerobhothi kulawulwa ingqondo ngokuqondile, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinzwa ezinamathele esiphunzini somuntu osigqokile. Ngokunjalo, abantu abakhubazeke kakhulu (njengama-quadriplegics) bakhona manje usebenzisa i-BCI ukuqondisa izihlalo zabo ezinamasondo ezinenjini futhi usebenzise izingalo zamarobhothi. Maphakathi nawo-2020, i-BCI izoba indinganiso ekusizeni abantu abanqanyuliwe kanye nabantu abakhubazekile baphile izimpilo ezizimele. Futhi ngasekuqaleni kwawo-2030, i-BCI izoba isithuthuke ngokwanele ukuvumela abantu abalimele umgogodla ukuthi baphinde bahambe ngokudlulisela imiyalo yabo yokucabanga ehambayo emzimbeni wabo ophansi ngokusebenzisa ukufakelwa komgogodla.

Yebo, ukwenza ama-prosthetics ahlakaniphile akukhona kuphela okuzosetshenziselwa izimila zesikhathi esizayo.

Izimila ezihlakaniphile

Izimila manje ziyahlolwa ukuze zithathele indawo zonke izitho zomzimba, ngenhloso yesikhathi eside yokuqeda izikhathi zokulinda iziguli ezibhekana nazo uma zilindele ukufakelwa umuntu onikelayo. Phakathi kwemishini okukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu esikhundleni sezitho yinhliziyo ye-bionic. Imiklamo eminingana ingenile esigcawini, kodwa phakathi kwethembisa kakhulu yi- idivayisi empompa igazi emzimbeni wonke ngaphandle kokushaya kwenhliziyo … kunikeza incazelo entsha kwabafileyo abahambayo.

Kukhona nesigaba esisha ngokuphelele sokufakelwa okuklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komuntu, esikhundleni sokuvele kubuyisele umuntu esimweni esinempilo. Lezi zinhlobo zokufakelwa sizozimboza kokwethu Ikusasa Lokuziphendukela Kwabantu chungechunge.

Kodwa njengoba kuhlotshaniswa nempilo, uhlobo lokugcina lokufakelwa esizolukhuluma lapha isizukulwane esilandelayo, izifakelo ezilawula impilo. Cabanga ngalokhu njengama-pacemakers aqapha umzimba wakho ngenkuthalo, wabelane nge-biometrics yakho nohlelo lokusebenza lwezempilo kufoni yakho, futhi lapho izwa ukuqala kokugula ikhipha imithi noma imisinga kagesi ukuze ulinganise kabusha umzimba wakho.

Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale njenge-Sci-Fi, i-DARPA (uphiko oluphambili locwaningo lwezempi yase-US) isivele isebenza kuphrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi. ElectRx, okufushane kokuthi Imiyalelo Kagesi. Ngokusekelwe enqubweni yezinto eziphilayo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-neuromodulation, lokhu kufakelwa okuncane kuzoqapha isimiso sezinzwa zomzimba (izinzwa ezixhumanisa umzimba nobuchopho nomgogodla), futhi lapho sibona ukungalingani okungase kuholele ekuguleni, sizokhulula ugesi. ama-impulses azolinganisa kabusha lesi simiso sezinzwa futhi ashukumise umzimba ukuba uziphilise.

I-Nanotechnology ibhukuda egazini lakho

I-Nanotechnology yisihloko esikhulu esisebenza emikhakheni nasezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Emgogodleni walo, yitemu elibanzi lanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesayensi, ubunjiniyela, nobuchwepheshe obulinganisa, obushintshashintshayo noma obuhlanganisa izinto esikalini sama-nanometer angu-1 no-100. Isithombe esingezansi sizokunikeza umqondo wezinga le-nanotech elisebenza ngaphakathi.

Esimeni sezempilo, i-nanotech iyaphenywa njengethuluzi elingaguqula ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushintsha izidakamizwa kanye nokuhlinzwa okuningi ngasekupheleni kwawo-2030.

Uma sibeka enye indlela, zicabange ungathatha imishini yezokwelapha engcono kakhulu nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze welaphe isifo noma uhlinzwe futhi uluhlanganise nethamo lesaline—umthamo ongagcinwa kumjovo, uthunyelwe noma kuphi, futhi ujovelwe kunoma ubani odinga usizo. yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Uma kuphumelele, kungenza konke esixoxe ngakho ezahlukweni ezimbili zokugcina zalolu chungechunge kungabe kusasebenza.

U-Ido Bachelet, umcwaningi oholayo ku-nanorobotics yokuhlinzwa, imibono usuku lapho ukuhlinzwa okuncane kuhilela nje udokotela ukujova isirinji egcwele izigidigidi zama-nanobots ahlelwe ngaphambilini endaweni ehlosiwe yomzimba wakho.

Lawo ma-nanobots azobe esesakazeka emzimbeni wakho efuna izicubu ezilimele. Uma sebetholakele, babe sebesebenzisa ama-enzyme ukusika amangqamuzana ezicubu ezilimele kude nezicubu ezinempilo. Amaseli omzimba anempilo azobe esekhuthazwa ukuthi alahle amangqamuzana alimele futhi avuselele izicubu ezizungeze imbobo edalwe ekukhishweni kwezicubu ezilimele. Ama-nanobots ayekwazi ukukhomba futhi acindezele amangqamuzana ezinzwa azungezile ukuze anciphise izimpawu zobuhlungu futhi anciphise ukuvuvukala.

Ukusebenzisa le nqubo, lawa ma-nanobots angasetshenziswa futhi ekuhlaseleni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza, kanye nama-virus ahlukahlukene kanye namagciwane angaphandle angase ahlasele umzimba wakho. Futhi nakuba lezi nanobot ziseneminyaka okungenani engu-15 kude nokutholwa kwezokwelapha okwandile, umsebenzi kulobu buchwepheshe usuvele uqhubeka kakhulu. I-infographic engezansi ichaza ukuthi i-nanotech ingayenza kanjani kabusha imizimba yethu ngelinye ilanga (nge ActivistPost.com):

Imithi yokuzivuselela

Ukusebenzisa igama lesambulela, umuthi ovuselelayo, leli gatsha locwaningo lisebenzisa amasu emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bezicubu kanye nebhayoloji yamangqamuzana ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwezicubu nezitho ezigulayo noma ezilimele. Ngokuyisisekelo, umuthi ovuselelayo ufuna ukusebenzisa amangqamuzana omzimba wakho ukuze azilungise wona, esikhundleni sokushintsha noma ukukhulisa amangqamuzana omzimba wakho ngama-prosthetics nemishini.

Ngandlela thize, le ndlela yokwelapha ingokwemvelo kakhulu kunezinketho ze-Robocop ezichazwe ngenhla. Kodwa uma kubhekwa yonke imibhikisho kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha esikubonile kuphakanyiswe kula mashumi amabili eminyaka adlule ngokudla kwe-GMO, ucwaningo lwe-stem cell, kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha komuntu kanye nokuhlelwa kofuzo, kulungile ukusho ukuthi umuthi wokuvuselela uzobhekana nokuphikiswa okunzima.

Nakuba kulula ukukuhoxisa lokhu kukhathazeka, iqiniso liwukuthi umphakathi unokuqonda okusondele kakhulu nokunembile kobuchwepheshe kunesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Khumbula, i-prosthetics isineminyaka eyinkulungwane ikhona; ukwazi ukufunda nokuhlela i-genome kwenzeke kuphela kusukela ngo-2001. Yingakho abantu abaningi bencamela ukuba ama-cyborgs kunokuba kuhlanganiswe ufuzo “abalunikezwe nguNkulunkulu”.

Kungakho, njengensizakalo yomphakathi, sethemba ukuthi ukubuka okufushane kwamasu okwelapha okuvuselela angezansi kuzosiza ukususa isigcwagcwa ngokudlala uNkulunkulu. Ukuze kube nempikiswano encane kwabaningi:

Ukushintsha ama-stem cells

Cishe uzwe okuningi mayelana nama-stem cells eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngokuvamile hhayi ekukhanyeni okungcono kakhulu. Kodwa ngo-2025, ama-stem cells azosetshenziselwa ukuphulukisa izimo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba nokulimala.

Ngaphambi kokuba sichaze ukuthi zizosetshenziswa kanjani, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-stem cells ahlala kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu, alindele ukubizelwa esenzweni ukuze alungise izicubu ezilimele. Eqinisweni, wonke amaseli ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 akha imizimba yethu avela kulawo ma-stem cells okuqala angaphakathi esibelethweni sikamama wakho. Njengoba umzimba wakho wakha, lawo ma-stem cells akhethekile abe amangqamuzana obuchopho, amangqamuzana enhliziyo, amangqamuzana esikhumba, njll.

Kulezi zinsuku, ososayensi sebeyakwazi ukuguqula cishe noma yiliphi iqembu lamaseli emzimbeni wakho emuva kulawo ma-stem cells asekuqaleni. Futhi lokho kuyinto enkulu. Njengoba amaseli eziqu ekwazi ukuguqula abe yinoma yiliphi iseli emzimbeni wakho, angasetshenziswa ukuphulukisa cishe noma yisiphi isilonda.

Esenziwe lula isibonelo ama-stem cells emsebenzini ahilela odokotela ukuthi bathathe amasampula esikhumba sezisulu zokusha, bawaguqule abe ama-stem cells, bakhulise ungqimba olusha lwesikhumba esitsheni se-petri, bese besebenzisa leso sikhumba esisanda kukhula ukuze baxhunyelelwe/babuyisele isikhumba esishile sesiguli. Ezingeni elithuthuke kakhulu, ama-stem cells njengamanje ahlolwa njengokwelashwa kwawo ukwelapha isifo senhliziyo futhi ngisho ukuphulukisa izintambo zomgogodla wabakhubazekile,ebavumela ukuthi bahambe futhi.

Kodwa okunye ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kakhulu kwalawa maseli we-stem kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D obusanda kuthandwa.

I-3D bioprinting

I-3D bioprinting iwuhlelo lwezokwelapha lokuphrinta kwe-3D lapho izicubu eziphilayo ziphrintwa khona isendlalelo ngesendlalelo. Futhi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amapulasitiki nezinsimbi njengamaphrinta avamile e-3D, ama-bioprinter e-3D asebenzisa (uqagelile) ama-stem cells njengento yokwakha.

Inqubo yonke yokuqoqa nokukhulisa ama-stem cells iyafana nenqubo echazwe isibonelo sesisulu sokushiswa. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-stem cell anele esekhulile, angakwazi ukuphakelwa kwiphrinta ye-3D ukuze akhe noma yikuphi ukuma okuphilayo kwe-3D, njengesikhumba esishintshayo, izindlebe, amathambo, futhi, ikakhulukazi, angakwazi futhi. izitho zokuphrinta.

Lezi zitho eziphrintiwe ze-3D ziwuhlobo oluthuthukisiwe lobunjiniyela bezicubu ezimele okunye okuphilayo kokufakwa kwesitho sokwenziwa okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili. Futhi njengalezo zitho zokwenziwa, lezi zitho ezinyathelisiwe ngolunye usuku ziyonciphisa ukushoda kweminikelo yezitho zomzimba.

Sesikushilo lokho, lezi zitho eziphrintiwe ziphinde zethule inzuzo eyengeziwe embonini yezemithi, njengoba lezi zitho eziphrintiwe zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwemithi nokugoma okunembe kakhulu nokushibhile. Futhi njengoba lezi zitho zinyatheliswa kusetshenziswa ama-stem cell esiguli, ingozi yokuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni senqabe lezi zitho yehla kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezitho ezinikelwe ezivela kubantu, izilwane, nezigxivizo ezithile eziyimishini.

Ngokuqhubeka esikhathini esizayo, ngeminyaka yawo-2040s, ama-bioprinters e-3D athuthukile azophrinta wonke amalungu omzimba angaphinde axhunywe esiphunzini sabanqunyiwe, ngaleyo ndlela enze izitho zokufakelwa zingasebenzi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Gene

Ngokwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo, isayensi iqala ukuphazamisa imvelo. Lolu uhlobo lokwelapha oluklanyelwe ukulungisa ukuphazamiseka kofuzo.

Kuchazwa kalula, ukwelapha ngezakhi zofuzo kuhilela ukuhlela i-genome (DNA) yakho; bese ihlaziywa ukuze kutholwe izakhi zofuzo ezinesici ezidala isifo; bese kushintshwa / kuhlelwe ukuze kuthathelwe indawo lezo ziphambeko ngezakhi zofuzo ezinempilo (namuhla kusetshenziswa ithuluzi le-CRISPR elichazwe esahlukweni esandulele); bese ekugcineni ubuyisela lezo zakhi zofuzo manje ezinempilo emzimbeni wakho ukuze uphulukise lesi sifo.

Uma sekuphelelisiwe, ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo eziningi, njengomdlavuza, ingculaza, i-cystic fibrosis, i-hemophilia, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, ngisho nokukhetha ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba njengo isithulu.

Ubunjiniyela bezofuzo

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kobunjiniyela bezofuzo kungena endaweni empunga yangempela. Uma sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-stem cell kanye nokwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuyindlela yobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, nakuba bumnene. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo okukhathaza abantu abaningi kuhilela ukwakheka komuntu kanye nobunjiniyela babantwana abaklami nabanamandla angaphezu kwavamile.

Lezi zihloko sizozishiyela ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lokuguquka Komuntu. Kodwa ngezinjongo zalesi sahluko, kukhona isicelo esisodwa sobunjiniyela bezofuzo esingenayo impikiswano ... kahle, ngaphandle uma ungumuntu odla inyama.

Njengamanje, izinkampani ezifana ne-United Therapeutics zisebenzela izingulube zonjiniyela ngezitho eziqukethe izakhi zofuzo zomuntu. Isizathu sokwengeza lezi zakhi zofuzo zomuntu ukugwema ukuthi lezi zitho zengulube zinqatshwe amasosha omzimba womuntu ezifakwe kuye.

Uma isiphumelele, imfuyo ingakhuliswa ngezinga ukuze inikeze inani elingenamkhawulo lezitho ezishintshayo zesilwane-kuya-kumuntu "i-xeno-transplantation." Lokhu kumelela enye indlela yezitho eziphrintiwe ze-3D ngenhla, ngenzuzo yokuba ishibhile kunezitho zokwenziwa futhi ngokuqhubekayo ngokobuchwepheshe kunezitho eziphrintiwe ze-3D. Sekushiwo lokho, inani labantu abanezizathu zokuziphatha nezenkolo zokuphikisa lolu hlobo lokukhiqizwa kwezitho cishe lizoqinisekisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe abuhambi buvame ngempela.

Ngeke kusaba ukulimala ngokomzimba nokukhubazeka

Uma kubhekwa uhlu lokuwasha lwezindlela zokwelapha eziqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe esisanda kuxoxa ngazo, kungenzeka ukuthi inkathi Unomphela ukulimala ngokomzimba kanye nokukhubazeka kuzophela kungakedluli maphakathi nawo-2040.

Futhi nakuba ukuncintisana phakathi kwalezi zindlela zokwelashwa kwe-diametric ngeke kuphele ngempela, ngokuvamile, umthelela wazo ohlangene uzomelela impumelelo yangempela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwabantu.

Yebo, akuyona yonke indaba le. Kuleli qophelo, uchungechunge lwethu Lwekusasa Lezempilo seluhlole izinhlelo ezibikezelwe zokuqeda izifo nokulimala ngokomzimba, kodwa kuthiwani ngempilo yethu yengqondo? Esahlukweni esilandelayo, sizoxoxa ngokuthi singakwazi yini ukwelapha izingqondo zethu kalula njengemizimba yethu.