Imithetho emelene nokubulala ama-disinformation: Ohulumeni baqinisa ukwehlisa ulwazi olungaqondile

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• October 2, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele bahlanganisa imizamo yokubhekana nokusabalala kwezindaba ezingamanga ngokusebenzisa imithetho emelene nokubulawa kwabantu, ngezijeziso ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi ubani ozonquma ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olungamanga, okungase kuholele ekuhlolweni. E-Europe, i-Voluntary Code of Practice ebuyekeziwe ihlose ukwenza izinkundla zobuchwepheshe ziphendule. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinyathelo, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi imithetho enjalo ingase ikhawulele inkulumo ekhululekile futhi isetshenziselwe ukuzuza kwezombusazwe, kuyilapho i-Big Tech iqhubeka nokuzabalaza nokuzilawula.

Umongo wemithetho elwa nokubulala ama-disinformation

Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke baya ngokuya besebenzisa imithetho elwa nokubulawa kwabantu ukuze balwe nokubhebhetheka kwezindaba ezingamanga. Ngo-2018, iMalaysia yaba ngelinye lamazwe okuqala ukuphasisa umthetho ojezisa abasebenzisi benkundla yezokuxhumana noma izisebenzi zokushicilelwa kwedijithali ngokusabalalisa izindaba ezingamanga. Izinhlawulo zifaka inhlawulo engu-$123,000 USD kanye nesigwebo esingaba sejele esingafika eminyakeni eyisithupha. Ngo-2021, uhulumeni wase-Australia wamemezela izinhlelo zakhe zokusungula imithetho ezonikeza umlindi wayo wezindaba, i-Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA), amandla okulawula akhulisiwe phezu kwezinkampani ze-Big Tech ezingahlangabezani neKhodi Yokuzilolonga Yokuzilolonga Yokulahla Ulwazi. Lezi zinqubomgomo ziwumphumela wombiko we-ACMA, othole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-82 abantu base-Australia badle okuqukethwe okudukisayo mayelana ne-COVID-19 phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-18 ezedlule.

Umthetho onjalo ugqamisa indlela ohulumeni abaqinisa ngayo imizamo yabo yokwenza abathengisi bezindaba ezingezona baphendule ngemiphumela emibi yezenzo zabo. Nokho, nakuba abaningi bevuma ukuthi imithetho eqinile iyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe ukusabalala kwezindaba ezingamanga, abanye abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi le mithetho ingase ibe isitebhisi sokuhlolwa. Amanye amazwe afana ne-US kanye nePhilippines acabanga ukuthi ukuvimbela izindaba ezingamanga ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kwephula inkulumo ekhululekile futhi kuphambene nomthethosisekelo. Noma kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuthi kungahle kube nemithetho ehlukene emelene nokusabalalisa ulwazi ngokuzayo njengoba osopolitiki befuna ukuqokwa kabusha futhi ohulumeni bezabalaza ukuze bathole ukwethembeka.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Yize izinqubomgomo ezimelene nokusabalalisa ulwazi zidingeka kakhulu, abagxeki bayazibuza ukuthi ubani othola imininingwane yonogada bese enquma ukuthi yini “iqiniso”? E-Malaysia, amanye amalungu omphakathi wezomthetho aphikisa ngokuthi kunemithetho eyanele ehlanganisa izinhlawulo zezindaba ezingamanga kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama nezincazelo zezindaba ezingamanga nokuthi abameleli bazozihlaziya kanjani akucacile. 

Ngaleso sikhathi, imizamo yase-Australia yokulwa nokubulala magciwane yenziwe yaba yimpumelelo ngokwethulwa kweqembu le-Big Tech Lokuzenzela Ikhodi Yokuzilolonga Ye-Disinformation ngo-2021. Kule Khodi, i-Facebook, i-Google, i-Twitter, ne-Microsoft ichaze kabanzi ukuthi bahlela kanjani ukuvimbela ukusabalala kolwazi olungalungile. ezinkundleni zabo, okuhlanganisa nokuhlinzeka ngemibiko yaminyaka yonke esobala. Kodwa-ke, amafemu amaningi e-Big Tech awakwazanga ukulawula ukusabalala kokuqukethwe okungelona iqiniso kanye nemininingwane engamanga mayelana nalolu bhubhane noma impi yaseRussia-Ukraine ezinhlelweni zabo zedijithali, ngisho nangokuzilawula.

Ngaleso sikhathi, e-Europe, izinkundla ezinkulu eziku-inthanethi, izinkundla ezisafufusa nezikhethekile, abadlali embonini yokukhangisa, abahlola amaqiniso, kanye nezinhlangano zocwaningo kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi zilethe Ikhodi Yokuzilolonga Yokuzilolonga Ebuyekeziwe Ye-Disinformation ngoJuni 2022, kulandela isiqondiso seKhomishini YaseYurophu ekhishwe ngo- Meyi 2021. Kusukela ngo-2022, Ikhodi inabasayini abangu-34 abavumile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokumelene nemikhankaso yokubulala ama-disinformation, okuhlanganisa: 

• ukusabalalisa ama-disinformation, 
• ukuphoqelela ukuvezwa kwezikhangiso zezepolitiki, 
• ukunika amandla abasebenzisi, kanye 
• ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana nabahloli bamaqiniso. 

Abasayinayo kufanele basungule Isikhungo Sokungafihli, esizohlinzeka umphakathi ngesifinyezo esiqondakala kalula sezinyathelo abazithathile ukufeza izithembiso zabo. Abasayinayo kudingeka ukuthi basebenzise Ikhodi zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Imithelela yemithetho elwa nokubulala ama-disinformation

Imithelela ebanzi yemithetho elwa nokusabalalisa ulwazi ingabandakanya: 

• Ukwanda kwemithetho ehlukanisayo emhlabeni wonke ngokumelene nolwazi olunganembile nezindaba ezingamanga. Amazwe amaningi angase abe nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imithetho emngceleni wokuhlolwa.
• Amanye amaqembu ezepolitiki kanye nabaholi bamazwe abasebenzisa le mithetho elwa nokusabalalisa ulwazi njengamathuluzi okugcina amandla abo kanye nomthelela kwabaqhudelana nabo kwezombusazwe.
• Amaqembu alwela amalungelo abantu kanye namaqembu anxusa abhikishela imithetho emelene ne-disinformation, eyibuka njengephambana nomthethosisekelo.
• Amafemu ezobuchwepheshe engeziwe ahlawuliswa ngokuhluleka ukuzibophezela Kumakhodi Wokuzijwayeza Wokulwa Ne-Disinformation.
• I-Big Tech inyusa ukuqashwa kochwepheshe bokulawula ukuze baphenye izintuba ezingaba khona zamaKhodi Wokuzijwayeza Okumelene Nokwaziswa Okungahloniphi. Izixazululo ezintsha ze-AI ezikhiqizayo zingase futhi zakhiwe ukusiza emisebenzini yokulinganisela esikalini.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Imithetho emelene nokusabalalisa ulwazi ingaphula kanjani inkululeko yokukhuluma?
• Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ohulumeni abangavimbela ngazo ukusakazeka kwezindaba ezingamanga?