Ukunika amandla ungqimba 2 lweBlockchain: Ibhekana nemikhawulo ye-blockchain

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• July 14, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Amanethiwekhi ongqimba 1 akha ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo ye-blockchain, egxile ekwahlukaniseni amazwe nokuphepha kodwa ngokuvamile ayinakho ukukala. Kanjalo, izixazululo zesendlalelo sesi-2 zisebenza njengezindlela ezingasebenzi, zinciphisa ukukala kanye nezingqinamba zedatha, zithuthukisa isivinini sokwenziwe, zinciphise izindleko, futhi zinike amandla izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-blockchain eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwalobu buchwepheshe kungase kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kwentando yeningi kwezinhlelo zezezimali, ukwanda kwesidingo samakhono ahlobene ne-blockchain, ukulawulwa kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe, ukubeka izinto obala kwezombusazwe, ukukhula kwemithombo yezokuxhumana esakazwayo, kanye nesidingo semithetho ye-blockchain yomhlaba wonke.

 Umongo wokunika amandla ungqimba 2 we-Blockchain

Amanethiwekhi ongqimba 1 akha ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo ye-blockchain, echaza imithetho ewumongo ye-ecosystem kanye nokuphothula ukuthengiselana. Izibonelo zifaka i-Ethereum, i-Bitcoin, ne-Solana. Ukugcizelelwa kwe-blockchains yesendlalelo soku-1 kuvame ukuhlukaniswa nokuphepha, kokubili okuyizici ezibalulekile zenethiwekhi eqinile egcinwa inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yonjiniyela nabahlanganyeli abafana nabaqinisekisayo. 

Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkundla zivame ukuntula ukulinganisa. Ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga zokuqina kanye ne-Blockchain Trilemma - inselele yokulinganisa ukuvikeleka, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo, kanye nokuqina - abathuthukisi bethule izixazululo zesendlalelo sesi-2, njenge-rollups ye-Ethereum kanye nenethiwekhi yombani ye-Bitcoin. Isendlalelo sesi-2 sisho izixazululo ze-off-chain, ama-blockchain ahlukene akhiwe phezulu kwamanethiwekhi ongqimba 1 ukuze kuncishiswe ukukala kanye nezingqinamba zedatha. 

Izixazululo ze-Layer 2 zingafaniswa neziteshi zokulungiselela ekhishini lokudlela, zigxile emisebenzini ehlukene kahle, zithuthukisa ukukhiqiza jikelele. Izinkundla zokukhokha ezifana ne-Visa ne-Ethereum zisebenzisa amasu afanayo, ziqoqa ukuthengiselana okuningi ukuze kucutshungulwe kahle. Izibonelo zezixazululo zesendlalelo sesi-2 ku-Ethereum zifaka i-Arbitrum, i-Optimism, i-Loopring, ne-zkSync. 

Ukubaluleka kwe-Layer 2 kugcizelelwa ikhono laso lokwelula umthamo wamanethiwekhi ongqimba 1 njenge-Ethereum, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthengiselana nokwandisa isivinini sokuthenga. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa isigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi salobu buchwepheshe, kunezingozi ezingokwemvelo namazinga ahlukahlukene ezakhiwo ezingathembekile eziqhathaniswa nokwenza imisebenzi ku-mainnet. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba izixazululo zesendlalelo sesi-2 zivuthwa futhi zishintsha, cishe zizokwenza kube lula umthamo ophezulu kakhulu wokwenziwayo, okwenza ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buhehe izethameli ezibanzi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kugqugquzele ukwamukelwa okusabalele kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain emikhakheni eyahlukene, kusukela kwezezimali nokuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kuya kwezemidlalo kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana. Amandla okucubungula ukuthengiselana ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi kuzobeka ama-blockchains ukuze aqhudelane ngokuphumelelayo nezinhlelo ezivamile zezezimali kanye nezinsizakalo zedijithali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo zesendlalelo sesi-2 zingangenisa inkathi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-blockchain eziyinkimbinkimbi neyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuphatha okwenziwa ngaphandle kweketango nokukhulula izinsiza ku-blockchain eyinhloko, abathuthukisi bangakha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezicebile ezinikeza inani elikhulu kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Lo mkhuba ungase uvule amathuba amasha ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukaniselwe izwe (i-dApps), izinsizakalo ze-DeFi (ezezimali ezimisiwe), kanye nama-NFTs (amathokheni angenakunyakaziswa). 

Okokugcina, izixazululo zesendlalelo se-2 zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusimama nokuqina kwamanethiwekhi we-blockchain. Amandla okukhipha okwenziwayo kumapulatifomu angu-2 anganciphisa ukuminyana kunethiwekhi eyinhloko, kuthuthukise ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwesistimu. Ukwengeza, ngokuhlanganisa okwenziwayo futhi kulungiswe ku-mainnet ngezikhathi ezithile, izixazululo zesendlalelo sesi-2 zingase zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwama-blockchains, kubhekwane nokugxeka okuyinhloko kwalobu buchwepheshe. 

Imithelela yokunika amandla ungqimba 2 lwe-blockchain

Imithelela ebanzi yokunika amandla ungqimba 2 we-blockchain ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwamukelwa okukhulu nokwamukelwa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, ezifaka ezezimali, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezokuhamba. 
• Izindleko ezincishisiwe ezihlobene nokucutshungulwa kokwenziwe, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini ewela umngcele kanye nezimali ezithunyelwayo. Lesi sici singakhuphula ukufakwa kwezimali ngokwenza okwenziwayo kufinyeleleke kakhudlwana kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.
• Uhlelo lwezezimali olubuswa ngentando yeningi njengoba abantu abaningi befinyelela ezinsizeni zezezimali ezihlukaniselwe amazwe, kunciphisa ukuncika emabhange endabuko kanye nabaxhumanisi bezezimali.
• Ukwenyuka kwesidingo sochwepheshe be-blockchain, onjiniyela, nabaxhumanisi. Lo mkhuba ungaholela ekwandeni kwamathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni we-blockchain kanye nesidingo sezinhlelo zemfundo ukusekela lesi sidingo.
• Ukulawula okwengeziwe kudatha yomuntu siqu njengokwahlukaniswa okungokwemvelo kwe-blockchain kunganikeza abasebenzisi amandla okunquma ukuthi ubani ongafinyelela futhi asebenzise ulwazi lwabo.
• Izinga elisha lokungafihli ezinhlelweni zezombusazwe. Ngokusebenzisa i-blockchain ekuvoteni noma ezezimali zomphakathi, ohulumeni banganciphisa kakhulu ukukhwabanisa nenkohlakalo, bakhulise ukwethenjwa emisebenzini kahulumeni.
• Ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo kwezinkundla zokuxhumana ezihlukaniselwe indawo okuholela ezikhaleni eziningi ezimelana nokucwaninga nokugcina ubumfihlo. 
• Ohulumeni bathuthukisa futhi basebenzise imithetho emisha yokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwabathengi, intela efanele, kanye nokuvimbela imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Lo mzamo ungaholela emithethweni ejwayelekile, yomhlaba wonke yobuchwepheshe be-blockchain.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

Uma uke wahlangabezana nokusebenzisa i-blockchain ye-layer 2, yiziphi intuthuko ozibonile?
Yini enye uhlelo lwe-blockchain olusebenziseka kalula futhi oluzinzile lungathuthukisa ukutholwa?