I-E-government: Izinsizakalo zikahulumeni ezandleni zakho zedijithali

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 19, 2023

Umqedazwe we-COVID-2020 ka-19 wagcizelela ukubaluleka kanye nesidingo sokutshala imali okwengeziwe kubuchwepheshe bedatha bukahulumeni. Ngokuvalwa kwezindawo nezindlela zokuncishiswa komphakathi, ohulumeni baphoqeleka ukuthi bathuthele izinsiza zabo ku-inthanethi futhi baqoqe idatha ngokuphumelelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukutshala izimali kubuchwepheshe bedatha sekuyinto ehamba phambili kohulumeni abaningi emhlabeni wonke, okubenza bakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile futhi benze izinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha.

Umongo we-E-government

Uhulumeni we-E, noma ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zikahulumeni nolwazi oluku-inthanethi, sekuyiminyaka ukhula, kodwa ubhubhane lwawusheshisa lo mkhuba. Amazwe amaningi kwadingeka athuthe izinsiza zawo ku-inthanethi futhi aqoqe idatha ngokuphumelelayo ukuze avimbele ukusabalala kwegciwane. Lo bhubhane ugqamise ukubaluleka kokutshala imali kungqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe ephatha kanyekanye ukuqoqwa kwedatha, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokubika.

Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bakubonile ukubaluleka kwe-e-government, ikakhulukazi ekuletheni izinsiza ezifinyelelekayo, ezisebenza kahle nezingafihli lutho. Amanye amazwe asungule i-ecosystem yawo yedijithali, njenge-Government Digital Service yase-UK, eyethulwa ngo-2011. Khonamanjalo, iNetherlands, iJalimane, ne-Estonia sezivele zisebenzise izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ze-e-government ezivumela izakhamuzi ukuthi zithole izinsiza zomphakathi ngokusebenzisa izinkundla ezihlukahlukene zedijithali. .

Kodwa-ke, amazwe ambalwa kuphela enze cishe zonke izinsiza zikahulumeni nezinsiza zitholakale ku-inthanethi. IMalta, iPortugal, ne-Estonia amazwe amathathu afinyelele lo mgomo, kanti i-Estonia iyona ethuthuke kakhulu. Inkundla ye-X-Road yase-Estonia yenza ama-ejensi ahlukene kahulumeni kanye nezinsizakalo zixhumane futhi zabelane ngolwazi, kuqede isidingo sezinqubo ezenziwa ngesandla neziphindaphindayo. Isibonelo, izakhamizi zingenza imisebenzi eminingana kusuka endaweni eyodwa, njengokubhalisa ukuzalwa kwengane, okubangela ngokuzenzakalelayo izinzuzo zokunakekela izingane, futhi imali idluliselwe ku-akhawunti yasebhange ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokubhalisa efanayo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izingosi zikahulumeni we-elekthronikhi zinikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, ngokusho kwenkampani yezokubonisana iMcKinsey. Esokuqala siwukuzizwisa okuthuthukisiwe kwesakhamuzi, lapho abantu bengafinyelela futhi bafake lonke ulwazi abaludingayo besebenzisa ideshibhodi eyodwa kanye nohlelo lokusebenza. Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha. Ngokugcina isizindalwazi esisodwa nje, ohulumeni bangakwazi ukuhlela izinhlelo ezahlukene ezifana nezinhlolovo futhi bathuthukise ukunemba kwedatha eqoqiwe. Le ndlela yokwenza ayenzi nje lula ukuqoqwa nokwabelana kokwaziswa kodwa futhi yongela ohulumeni isikhathi nemali, inciphisa isidingo sokufaka idatha mathupha kanye nokubuyisana kwedatha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohulumeni be-inthanethi bavumela imizamo eyengeziwe eqhutshwa idatha, engasiza ohulumeni ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi nezinqubomgomo. I-Denmark, isibonelo, isebenzisa i-geodata ukuze ilingise izimo ezihlukene zezikhukhula kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola zokulawula inkinga, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukulungela kukahulumeni izinhlekelele. Nokho, kunezingozi ezihlobene nokuqoqwa kwedatha, ikakhulukazi endaweni yobumfihlo. Ohulumeni bangabhekana nalezi zingozi ngokuqinisekisa obala mayelana nohlobo lwedatha abayiqoqayo, ukuthi igcinwa kanjani, nokuthi isetshenziselwa ini. Isilandeleli sedatha sase-Estonia, ngokwesibonelo, sinikeza izakhamuzi ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi idatha yazo iqoqwa nini kanye nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene esebenzisa ulwazi lwazo. Ngokubeka izinto obala kanye nokunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane, ohulumeni bangakha ukwethemba nokuzethemba ezinhlelweni zabo zedijithali futhi bakhuthaze ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi.

Imithelela ku-e-government

Imithelela ebanzi yokutholwa kwe-e-government enkulu ingabandakanya:

• Ukonga izindleko zesikhathi eside zohulumeni mayelana nezabasebenzi kanye nokusebenza. Njengoba izinsiza ziba zedijithali futhi zizenzakalela, sincane isidingo sokungenelela kwabantu okuvame ukuhamba kancane futhi okunephutha.
• Amasevisi asekelwe efwini angafinyelelwa 24/7. Izakhamizi zingafaka izicelo zokubhalisa kanye nezicelo ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi kuvulwe amahhovisi kahulumeni.
• Ukucaca okungcono nokutholwa kokukhwabanisa. Idatha evuliwe iqinisekisa ukuthi imali iya kuma-akhawunti alungile nokuthi izimali zikahulumeni zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kanye nokuzimbandakanya ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zezombusazwe, okuholela ekubeni sobala kanye nokuziphendulela. 
• Ukwehliswa kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-bureaucratic kanye nezindleko ezihlobene nezinhlelo ezisekelwe ephepheni, okuholela ekukhuleni okukhulu komnotho nentuthuko. 
• Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kukahulumeni kanye nokusabela ezidingweni zezakhamizi, kwehliswe inkohlakalo nokukhulisa ukwethenjwa komphakathi kuhulumeni. 
• Ukufinyelela okungcono ezinsizeni zikahulumeni kubantu ababenganakiwe nabangamelwekeli kahle, njengabahlali basemaphandleni noma labo abakhubazekile. 
• Ukuthuthukiswa nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezinhlelo zedijithali, okuholela ekusungulweni okusha nokuncintisana. 
• Ukwanda kwesidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono edijithali kuyilapho kunciphisa isidingo sezindima ezithile zokuphatha nezobufundisi. 
• Ukuqedwa kwezinhlelo ezisekelwe emaphepheni okuholela ekwehleni kokugawulwa kwamahlathi neminye imithelela yemvelo ehambisana nokukhiqizwa kwamaphepha. 
• Ukwehliswa kwezithiyo zohwebo kanye nokukhula obala ekuhwebeni kwebhizinisi.
• Ukwanda kokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi okunciphisa ingcuphe yokuhlukaniswa kwezepolitiki kanye nokweqisa. 

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe uhulumeni wakho uhlinzeka ngobuningi bezinsizakalo zakhe ku-inthanethi?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokuba nohulumeni wedijithali?