Ukuphela kwezibonelelo zikawoyela: Asisekho isabelomali samafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 18, 2023

Izibonelelo zikawoyela negesi ziyizisusa zezezimali ezehlisa ngokuzenzela izindleko zamafutha ezinsalela, okuwenza akhange nakakhulu kubathengi. Le nqubomgomo kahulumeni esabalele ingaphambukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kude nobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, ivimbele ukuguqukela ekusaseni elisimeme. Njengoba ukukhathazeka ngomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka kwanda, ohulumeni abaningi emhlabeni wonke sebeqala ukubheka kabusha ukubaluleka kwalezi zibonelelo zikaphethiloli wezinsalela, ikakhulukazi njengoba ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo buthuthuka ngokushesha.

Ukuphela komongo wezibonelelo zikawoyela

I-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) yinhlangano yesayensi ehlola isimo sezulu bese yenza izincomo zokuthi kungadambisa kanjani imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Nokho kube nokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kososayensi nohulumeni mayelana nokuphuthuma kokuthatha izinyathelo zokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Nakuba ososayensi abaningi bephikisana ngokuthi isinyathelo esisheshayo siyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala kwemvelo okuyinhlekelele, abanye ohulumeni baye basolwa ngokubambezela ukuqedwa kokukhishwa kwezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokutshala izimali kubuchwepheshe obungahloliwe bokukhipha isikhutha.

Ohulumeni abaningi baye basabela kulokhu kugxeka ngokunciphisa uxhaso lwamafutha ezinsalela. Isibonelo, uhulumeni waseCanada wazibophezela ngoMashi 2022 ukuqeda uxhaso lwemboni kaphethiloli, okuzobandakanya ukunciphisa izinxephezelo zentela kanye nokwesekwa okuqondile embonini. Esikhundleni salokho, uhulumeni uhlela ukutshala imali emisebenzini eluhlaza, emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo, nasezindlini ezonga ugesi. Lolu hlelo ngeke lunciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuphela kodwa luzophinde ludale namathuba emisebenzi emisha futhi lukhuthaze ukukhula komnotho.

Ngokufanayo, amazwe e-G7 nawo asibonile isidingo sokunciphisa uxhaso lukaphethiloli. Kusukela ngo-2016, bathembise ukuthi bazoyiqeda yonke le mixhaso ngonyaka wezi-2025. Nakuba lesi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, lezi zibopho azizange zihambe ibanga elide ngokwanele ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokugcwele. Isibonelo, izithembiso azizange zifake ukusekelwa kwezimboni zikawoyela negesi, nazo ezinegalelo elikhulu ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni. Ukwengeza, uxhaso oluhlinzekwa ekuthuthukisweni kukaphethiloli waphesheya kwezilwandle alukalungiswa, okungase kuphazamise imizamo yokunciphisa intuthu ekhishwayo emhlabeni.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Izicelo zezenzo ezihleliwe nezisobala ezivela kososayensi nomphakathi cishe zizocindezela i-G7 ukuthi ihlale ithembekile ekuzibophezeleni kwayo. Uma uxhaso lwemboni kaphethiloli luqedwa ngempumelelo, kuzoba noshintsho olukhulu emakethe yemisebenzi. Njengoba imboni incipha, abasebenzi emkhakheni kawoyela negesi bazobhekana nokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi noma ukushoda, kuye ngomugqa wesikhathi woshintsho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzophinde kudaleke amathuba okuthuthukisa imisebenzi emisha emkhakheni wezokwakha, ezokuthutha, kanye nezamandla, okuzoholela enzuzweni enkulu yamathuba emisebenzi. Ukweseka lolu shintsho, ohulumeni bangadlulisela uxhaso kulezi zimboni ukuze bakhuthaze ukukhula kwazo.

Uma uxhaso lwemboni kaphethiloli lwezinsalela luqedwa, bekungeke kube namandla okusebenza ngokwezimali ukuphishekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamapayipi kanye namaphrojekthi okumba ogwini. Lokhu kuthambekela kungase kuholele ekwehleni kwenani lamaphrojekthi anjalo enziwayo, kunciphise ubungozi obuhlobene nale misebenzi. Isibonelo, amapayipi ambalwa kanye namaphrojekthi okumba angasho amathuba ambalwa okuchitheka kukawoyela nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo, ezingaba nomthelela omubi obonakalayo ku-ecosystem kanye nezilwane zasendle. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuzozuzisa izindawo ezisengozini ikakhulukazi kulezi zingozi, njengezindawo eziseduze nogu noma ezindaweni ezibucayi.

Imithelela yokuqeda uxhaso lukawoyela

Imithelela ebanzi yokuqeda uxhaso lukawoyela ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwandisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezikazwelonke kanye nohulumeni ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
• Izimali ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo zokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda eluhlaza namaphrojekthi.
• I-Big Oil ihlukanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo ukuze ifake amandla avuselelekayo nezinkambu ezihlobene. 
• Amathuba emisebenzi engeziwe emkhakheni wamandla ahlanzekile nokusabalalisa kodwa ukulahleka kwemisebenzi okukhulu kwamadolobha noma izifunda ezigxile kuwoyela.
• Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zamandla kubathengi, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esifushane, njengoba imakethe ilungisa ukususa uxhaso.
• Ukungezwani okukhulayo kwe-geopolitical njengoba amazwe aneminotho ethembele kuwoyela efuna ukuzivumelanisa nezimakethe zamandla zomhlaba ezishintshayo.
• Ukusungulwa okwengeziwe kokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusabalalisa njengoba imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo igqama kakhulu.
• Ukwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali ezindleleni zokuthutha zomphakathi nezinye, ukunciphisa ukuthembela ezimotweni zomuntu siqu kanye nokunciphisa isiminyaminya sezimoto.
• Ingcindezi ekhuphukayo yokuthi ohulumeni bakazwelonke bafeze izithembiso zabo zokukhipha umoya.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma ubheka okuphambene, ucabanga ukuthi uxhaso olunikezwa imisebenzi ye-Big Oil lunembuyiselo enhle ekutshalweni kwezimali emnothweni obanzi?
• Ohulumeni bangasheshisa kanjani ukushintshela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo?