Imihlahlandlela yezimiso zokuziphatha kubuchwepheshe: Lapho uhwebo luthatha izintambo zokucwaninga

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 15, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona kanye nokuchema kwe-algorithmic okungase kwenziwe amasistimu obuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) emaqenjini amancane akhethiwe, ama-ejensi amaningi wombuso kanye nezinkampani ziya ngokuya zidinga abahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe ukuthi bashicilele imihlahlandlela yokuziphatha yokuthi bayithuthukisa kanjani futhi bayikhiphe kanjani i-AI. Nokho, ukusebenzisa lezi ziqondiso ekuphileni kwangempela kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kufiphele.

Umongo wokungqubuzana kokuziphatha

E-Silicon Valley, amabhizinisi asahlola indlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa izimiso zokuziphatha ekusebenzeni, okuhlanganisa nokubuza umbuzo othi, “kubiza malini ukubeka izimiso zokuziphatha zibe kuqala?” Ngomhla zi-2 kuZibandlela 2020, u-Timnit Gebru, ongomunye ohola ithimba le-Google le-AI ye-Ethics, wabhala i-tweet ethi uxoshiwe. Wayehlonishwa kakhulu emphakathini we-AI ngenxa yokuchema nocwaningo lokuqashelwa kobuso. Isigameko esiholele ekuxoshweni kwakhe simayelana nephepha alibhale ngokuhlanganyela i-Google eyanquma ukuthi alihlangabezani nezindinganiso zabo zokushicilelwa. 

Kodwa-ke, uGebru nabanye baphikisa ngokuthi ukudubula kwakugqugquzelwa ubudlelwano bomphakathi esikhundleni senqubekelaphambili. Ukuxoshwa kwenzeke ngemuva kokuthi uGebru ebuze umyalo wokungashicileli ucwaningo lokuthi i-AI elingisa ulimi lwabantu ingalimaza kanjani abantu abancishwe amathuba. NgoFebhuwari 2021, umbhali kanye noGebru, uMargaret Mitchell, naye waxoshwa. 

I-Google ithe uMitchell wephule ikhodi yokuziphatha nezinqubomgomo zokuphepha zenkampani ngokuhambisa amafayela e-elekthronikhi ngaphandle kwenkampani. UMitchell akazange anebe ngezizathu zokuxoshwa kwakhe. Lesi sinyathelo sidale ukugxekwa okukhulu, okuholele i-Google ukuthi imemezele izinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo zayo nezinqubomgomo zocwaningo ngoFebhuwari 2021. Lesi sigameko siyisibonelo esisodwa sendlela ukungqubuzana kwezimiso zokuziphatha okuhlukanisa ngayo amafemu amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe kanye neminyango yocwaningo okuthiwa inhloso yabo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngokusho kwe-Harvard Business Review, inselele enkulu abanikazi bamabhizinisi ababhekana nayo ukuthola ukulingana phakathi kwengcindezi yangaphandle yokusabela ezinkingeni zesimilo kanye nezidingo zangaphakathi zezinkampani nezimboni zabo. Ukugxeka kwangaphandle kucindezela izinkampani ukuthi zihlole kabusha izinqubo zazo zebhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, izingcindezi ezivela kubaphathi, ukuncintisana kwezimboni kanye nokulindelwe ezimakethe jikelele mayelana nendlela amabhizinisi okufanele aphathwe ngayo ngezinye izikhathi kungadala izikhuthazo eziphikisayo ezivuna isimo samanje. Ngakho-ke, ukungqubuzana kwezimiso zokuziphatha kuzokwanda kuphela njengoba izinkambiso zamasiko zishintsha futhi njengoba izinkampani (ikakhulukazi amafemu ezobuchwepheshe anethonya) ziqhubeka nokubeka imingcele ezenzweni zebhizinisi ezinoveli ezingazisebenzisa ukuze zenze imali entsha.

Esinye isibonelo sezinkampani ezidonsa kanzima ngale bhalansi yokuziphatha yinkampani, i-Meta. Ukuze kubhekwane namaphutha ayo okuziphatha okumenyezelwe esidlangalaleni, i-Facebook yasungula ibhodi elizimele lokwengamela ngo-2020, elinegunya lokuchitha izinqumo zokulinganisa okuqukethwe, ngisho nalezo ezenziwe umsunguli uMark Zuckerberg. NgoJanuwari 2021, ikomiti lenza izinqumo zalo zokuqala mayelana nokuqukethwe okuyingxabano futhi lachitha iningi lamacala elawabona. 

Kodwa-ke, ngezigidigidi zokuthunyelwe ku-Facebook nsuku zonke kanye nenani elingenakubalwa lezikhalazo zokuqukethwe, ibhodi eliqondisayo lisebenza kancane kakhulu kunohulumeni bendabuko. Noma kunjalo, ibhodi lenze izincomo ezifanele. Ngo-2022, iphaneli yeluleka i-Meta Platforms ukuthi yenqabe izehlakalo ze-doxxing ezishicilelwe ku-Facebook ngokuvimbela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngamakheli abantu ngabanye ezisekelweni ngisho noma etholakala esidlangalaleni. Ibhodi liphinde lancoma ukuthi i-Facebook ivule isiteshi sokuxhumana ukuze ichaze ngokusobala ukuthi kungani ukwephulwa komthetho kwenzeka nokuthi kuphathwa kanjani.

Imithelela yokungqubuzana kokuziphatha komkhakha ozimele

Imithelela ebanzi yokungqubuzana kokuziphatha embonini yangasese ingase ihlanganise: 

• Izinkampani eziningi ezakha amabhodi azimele okuziphatha ukuze zengamele ukusetshenziswa kwemihlahlandlela yokuziphatha emisebenzini yazo yebhizinisi.
• Ukwanda kokugxekwa okuvela ezifundweni zokuthi ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe bokuhweba luholele kanjani emikhubeni nezinhlelo ezingabazekayo.
• Kudonsa ubuchopho bomkhakha womphakathi njengoba amafemu ezobuchwepheshe ehola abacwaningi be-AI abanamakhono omphakathi nabasenyuvesi, enikeza amaholo nezinzuzo ezinkulu.
• Ohulumeni baya ngokuya bedinga zonke izinkampani ukuthi zishicilele imihlahlandlela yazo yesimilo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe noma cha.
• Abacwaningi abakhuluma ngokungagunci abaxoshwa ezinkampanini ezinkulu ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo kuphela okuzoshintshwa ngokushesha.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi ukungqubuzana kwezimiso zokuziphatha kuzoluthinta kanjani uhlobo lwemikhiqizo namasevisi atholwa abathengi?
• Yini amafemu angayenza ukuze aqinisekise ukuba sobala ocwaningweni lwawo lobuchwepheshe?