Ubuchwepheshe be-Geothermal kanye ne-fusion: Ukuhlanganisa ukushisa komhlaba

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 26, 2023

I-Quaise, inkampani ezalwe ngokubambisana phakathi kwe-Plasma Science and Fusion Center ye-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), ifuna ukuxhaphaza amandla avela ngaphansi komhlaba avaleleke ngaphansi komhlaba. Inkampani ihlose ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo ukuze isebenzise la mandla ukuze isetshenziswe ngendlela eqhubekayo. Ngokungena kulo mthombo wamandla avuselelekayo, i-Quaise inethemba lokuthi izofaka isandla kakhulu ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.

Umongo wobuchwepheshe be-Geothermal Fusion

I-Quaise ihlela ukubhoboza phansi ngamamayela amabili kuya kwayishumi nambili emhlabeni isebenzisa amaza amamilimitha anamandla e-gyrotron ukuze ahwamulise idwala. Ama-Gyrotron ama-microwave oscillator anamandla aphezulu akhiqiza imisebe ye-electromagnetic kumaza aphezulu kakhulu. Indawo eyingilazi ivala imbobo ebhonjiwe njengoba idwala lincibilika, liqede isidingo samagobolondo usimende. Khona-ke, i-argon gas ithunyelwa phansi isakhiwo sotshani esiphindwe kabili ukuze kukhishwe izinhlayiya zamadwala. 

Njengoba amanzi empontshelwa ekujuleni, amazinga okushisa aphezulu ayenza ibe nzima kakhulu, okuyenza iphumelele izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-10 ekukhipheni ukushisa. I-Quaise ihlose ukubuyisela kabusha izimboni zokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle ukuze ziphehle ugesi ngesitimu esiwumphumela walolu hlelo. Izilinganiso zezindleko zamamayela angu-12 zilele ku-$1,000 USD imitha ngalinye, futhi ubude bungambiwa ezinsukwini eziyi-100 kuphela.

Ama-Gyrotron athuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni edlule ukuze asekele ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla e-fusion. Ngokuthuthukela kumagagasi angamamilimitha ukusuka ku-infrared, i-Quaise ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokumba. Isibonelo, ukuqeda isidingo se-casings kunciphisa amaphesenti angu-50 ezindleko. Ukuzivivinya okuqondile kwamandla nakho kunciphisa ukuguga nokudabuka njengoba kungekho nqubo yemishini eyenzekayo. Kodwa-ke, nakuba ithembisa kakhulu ephepheni nasezivivinyweni zaselabhorethri, le nqubo ayikabonakali ngokwayo emkhakheni. Le nkampani ihlose ukuvuselela imboni yayo yokuqala yamalahle ngo-2028.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe bamandla okushisa komhlaba we-Quaise ukuthi ayidingi indawo eyengeziwe yomhlabathi, ngokungafani neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga noma umoya. Ngakho-ke, amazwe anganciphisa ukukhishwa kwawo kwe-carbon dioxide ngaphandle kokuphazamisa eminye imisebenzi yokusetshenziswa komhlaba, njengezolimo noma ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha.

Impumelelo engaba khona yalobu buchwepheshe ingase ibe nemithelela efinyelela kude kwezepolitiki. Amazwe athembele ekuthengisweni kwamandla avela kwezinye izizwe, njengowoyela noma igesi yemvelo, kungase kungasadingeki enze kanjalo uma ekwazi ukusebenzisa imithombo yawo ye-geothermal. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungashintsha amandla omhlaba futhi kunciphise amathuba okungqubuzana kwemithombo yamandla. Ukwengeza, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kobuchwepheshe bamandla okushisa komhlaba kungase kube inselele izixazululo ezibizayo ezivuselelekayo, ekugcineni kuholele emakethe yamandla encintisanayo futhi ethengekayo.

Nakuba ukushintshela kumandla we-geothermal kungase kudale amathuba amasha emisebenzi, kungase futhi kudinge abasebenzi basembonini yamandla ukuze bashintshe ingxenye yabo. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo edinga amakhono akhethekile, njengokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga noma ukulungisa i-wind turbine, ubuchwepheshe bamandla e-geothermal busebenzisa izinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe zezinqubo ezikhona. Okokugcina, impumelelo ye-Quaise ingase futhi ilethe inselelo enkulu ezinkampanini zikawoyela zendabuko, ezingabona ukwehla kwesidingo semikhiqizo yazo ngezinga elingakaze libonwe. 

Imithelela yobuchwepheshe be-geothermal fusion

Imithelela ebanzi yentuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-geothermal ihlanganisa:

• Izwe ngalinye likwazi ukufinyelela emthonjeni wamandla wasekhaya nongapheli, okuholela ekusabalaliseni izinsiza namathuba ngokulinganayo, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.
• Ukuvikelwa okungcono kwezinhlelo zemvelo ezibucayi kanye nezindawo zomdabu, njengoba sincipha isidingo sokumba kuwo ukuze kutholwe imithombo yamandla aluhlaza.
• Amathuba athuthukisiwe okufinyelela ekukhishweni kwe-net-zero ngaphambi kuka-2100. 
• Ukuncipha kwethonya lamazwe anothe ngowoyela kwezombangazwe zomhlaba nakwezomnotho.
• Kukhushulwe imali engenayo yasendaweni ngokudayiswa kwamandla we-geothermal kugridi. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-geothermal kungehlisa izindleko zikaphethiloli, okungase kuholele ezimpahleni nasezinsizeni ezithengekayo.
• Imithelela engaba khona kwezemvelo ngesikhathi kwakhiwa nokusebenza kwezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngokushisa komhlaba, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nokulahlwa kwemfucuza.
• Intuthuko enkulu yezobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa izixazululo zokulondoloza amandla ezisebenza kahle nezingabizi kakhulu, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokumba kanye namasu okukhiqiza amandla.
• Kudalwe amathuba emisebenzi emisha embonini yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinye izimboni ezisuka kumafutha emvelo. 
• Izikhuthazo nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezengeziwe zokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nentuthuko embonini. 

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi izinkinga ozibonayo emhlabeni usushintshela kumandla we-geothermal?
• Ngabe wonke amazwe azoyisebenzisa le ndlela uma kungenzeka?