Inqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke mayelana nokukhuluphala: ukuzibophezela kwamazwe ngamazwe ekushwabaneni kwezinqe

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 26, 2021

Ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zokukhuluphala kungathuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo futhi kunikeze abantu amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, kuyilapho izinkampani zingakha izindawo ezisekelayo ezithuthukisa inhlalakahle kanye nokukhiqiza. Ohulumeni badlala indima ebalulekile ekushayeni izinqubomgomo ezilawula ukuthengiswa kokudla, ukuthuthukisa ukulebula okunomsoco, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo ezinkethweni ezinomsoco. Imithelela ebanzi yezinqubomgomo zomhlaba wonke mayelana nokukhuluphala ihlanganisa ukuxhaswa okwengeziwe kwezixazululo zokulahlekelwa isisindo, ukukhathazeka kokucwaswa komphakathi, kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezempilo.

Inqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke yomongo wokukhuluphala

Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyanda emhlabeni wonke, okuholela emiphumeleni ephawulekayo yezomnotho nezempilo. Bangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 abantu abadala emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi noma ephakathi bakhuluphele ngokweqile noma bakhuluphele ngokweqile, ngokwezilinganiso zango-2016 zeWorld Bank Group. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe anengeniso ephansi emaphakathi anomthwalo okabili wokungondleki kahle nokukhuluphala. 

Njengoba imali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye ikhuphuka, umthwalo wokukhuluphala udlulela ezindaweni zasemakhaya zamazwe anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi. Izindawo zasemakhaya zenza cishe amaphesenti angu-55 okwanda kokukhuluphala emhlabeni wonke, kanti iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-Latin America, i-Asia Ephakathi, neNyakatho Afrika ibalwa cishe ngamaphesenti angama-80 noma angu-90 okushintsha kwakamuva.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi emazweni amaningi anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi zisengozini kakhulu yezifo ezingathathelwana (NCDs) lapho i-BMI yabo ingaphezu kwe-25 (ebhekwa njengesisindo esikhulu) ngezici ezihlukahlukene zofuzo kanye ne-epigenetic. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwezingane kuyingozi kakhulu, okuzibeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola ama-NCD aqeda amandla zisencane bese behlala nazo isikhathi eside, kuziphuca amandla ezempilo kanye nezenhlalo-mnotho. 

Amaphepha esayensi akamuva ashicilelwe kuyi-Lancet abonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kokwelapha ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukushintsha ukudla kanye nezinhlelo zokudla nakho kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezikhulayo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nenkinga eqhubekayo yokungondleki kwezingane. IBhange Lomhlaba kanye nabanye ozakwethu bentuthuko basesimweni esikhethekile sokusiza amakhasimende emazweni anemali ephansi, ephakathi, kanye nanemali ephezulu ehlise ukukhuluphala ngokuqhuba imikhankaso yokuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokudla okunempilo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zokukhuluphala kungaholela emiphumeleni yezempilo ethuthukisiwe kanye nezinga eliphezulu lempilo. Ngokukhuthaza imikhuba yokudla enempilo nokuvivinya umzimba, abantu banganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezihlobene nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, njengezifo ezingamahlalakhona nokukhubazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinqubomgomo zinganika abantu amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nendlela yabo yokuphila futhi bakhuthaze isiko lokuphila kahle. Ngokutshala imali emikhankasweni yezemfundo nokuqwashisa, ohulumeni bangahlomisa abantu ngolwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze balondoloze impilo yabo.

Izinkampani zingakha izindawo ezisekelayo ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yabasebenzi ngokunikeza ukufinyelela ezinkethweni zokudla okunomsoco, ukukhuthaza ukuvivinya umzimba, nokunikeza izinhlelo zempilo enhle. Ngokwenza kanjalo, amafemu angathuthukisa ukukhiqiza, anciphise ukulova, futhi athuthukise isimilo nokuzibandakanya kwabasebenzi. Ukwengeza, ukutshala imali ezindleleni zokuvimbela kungasiza ekwehliseni umthwalo wezomnotho ohambisana nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhlobene nokukhuluphala kanye nokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukwamukela indlela ephelele ehlanganisa impilo nokuphila kahle emsebenzini kungaba nomthelela omuhle wesikhathi eside kubo bobabili abasebenzi kanye nenhlangano iyonke.

Ngezinga elibanzi, ohulumeni badlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni indlela umphakathi osabela ngayo ekukhuluphaleni ngokweqile. Bangakwazi ukumisa izinqubomgomo ezilawula ukumakethwa kokudla, bathuthukise ukulebula okunomsoco, futhi bakhuthaze ukutholakala kwezinketho zokudla ezithengekayo nezinomsoco. Ngokusebenzisana nababambe iqhaza abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imboni yokudla, ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, nezinhlangano zomphakathi, ohulumeni bangakha amasu aphelele okuvimbela nokulawula ukukhuluphala. Lezi zinqubomgomo kufanele zakhelwe ukubhekana nokuhlukana kwezempilo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela okulinganayo ezinsizeni namathuba abo bonke abantu.

Imithelela yenqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke yokukhuluphala

Imithelela ebanzi yenqubomgomo yomhlaba mayelana nokukhuluphala ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwemithetho evimbelayo efuna ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla ethengiswa emphakathini (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni) kanye nezisusa zezomnotho ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ukunyakazisa umzimba. 
• Imikhankaso yokufundisa umphakathi enolaka ekhuthaza izinzuzo zokuncipha kwesisindo.
• Ukwenyuswa kwezimali zomphakathi nezizimele ukuze kuthuthukiswe izixazululo ezintsha zokwehlisa isisindo, njengemithi emisha, amathuluzi okuzivocavoca, ukudla okuqondene nawe, ukuhlinzwa, nokudla okunjiniyela. 
• Ukucwaswa emphakathini kanye nokucwaswa, okuthinta inhlalakahle yengqondo yomuntu kanye nezinga lempilo lilonke. Ngokuphambene, ukukhuthaza ukuqiniseka komzimba nokubandakanywa kungakhuthaza umphakathi owamukelayo nosekelayo.
• Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, okufana namadivayisi agqokekayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, okunika abantu amandla okuqapha nokuphatha isisindo sabo kanye nempilo iyonke. Kodwa-ke, ukuthembela kubuchwepheshe kungase kube kubi kakhulu indlela oziphatha ngayo unganyakazi futhi kwandise isikhathi sesikrini, kube nomthelela kubhadane lokukhuluphala.
• Ukuphikisa izinqubomgomo ezibonakala zigxambukela ekuzikhetheleni nasekukhululekeni, ezidinga ukuthi ohulumeni bakhe izinqubomgomo ezilinganiselayo.
• Ukushintshela ezinhlelweni zokudla okusimeme kanye nokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni okunomthelela omuhle emvelweni kuyilapho kubhekwana nokukhuluphala.

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