I-Hydrogen energy investment iyakhuphuka, imboni isilungele ukunika amandla ikusasa

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 10, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Njengoba utshalomali ludlondlobala ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen, izizwe eziningi zenza amasu okuvula amandla ale nto eningi, elula ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. I-hydrogen eluhlaza, ekhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis yamanzi anamandla avuselelekayo, igqama njengomthombo wamandla ohlanzekile ngempela, naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme zamanje zama-electrolyzer. Ukwenyuka kwamandla e-hydrogen kungase kudale imithelela ehlukahlukene, kusukela kwezokuthutha zomphakathi ezilungele imvelo kakhudlwana futhi kunciphise imikhondo yekhabhoni kumabhizinisi kuya ekushintsheni kwezombusazwe zamandla omhlaba kanye nokuvela kwezimboni ezintsha, ezihlobene ne-hydrogen namathuba emisebenzi.

Umongo we-hydrogen eluhlaza

Izinga eliphelele lokutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese nelomphakathi ekukhiqizeni i-hydrogen libonisa ukuza kwekhemikhali eningi kakhulu endaweni yonke kanye nento elula kakhulu kuthebula le-periodic. Amazwe amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-US, Japan, China, Australia, namanye, aveze amasu e-hydrogen kazwelonke okubamba amandla emvelo e-hydrogen eluhlaza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhloso ze-decarbonization yomhlaba wonke kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. I-Hydrogen inikeza isisekelo esingenayo i-carbon yezibaseli zokwenziwa zokukhiqiza amandla nezokuthutha, okuyenza ibe enye indlela efanelekile kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi njengomthombo wamandla. I-spectrum ye-hydrogen empunga, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neluhlaza okotshani ichazwa ngendlela yokukhiqiza futhi ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo ekungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. 

I-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nempunga ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Ekukhiqizeni i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-offset carbon iyabanjwa futhi igcinwe. I-hydrogen eluhlaza, nokho, iwumthombo wamandla ohlanzekile ngempela lapho ikhiqizwa nge-electrolysis yamanzi (ihlukanisa ama-molecule e-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo) kusetshenziswa ugesi okhiqizwa umoya noma ilanga. Izindleko zamanje zama-electrolyzer zinkulu futhi zinomthelela omubi ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa okungabizi kakhulu kuseduze nokuthuthukiswa kwama-electrolyzer esizukulwane esilandelayo kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zokufakwa kwezinjini zomoya kanye neminye imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo. Abahlaziyi babikezela imakethe ye-hydrogen eluhlaza ye-USD $ 10 trillion ngo-2050 futhi babonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kuzobe sekushibhile kunokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngo-2030. Inzuzo ye-hydrogen eluhlaza njengomthombo ovuselelekayo wamandla ahlanzekile ingase iguqule umdlalo weplanethi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izimoto ze-Hydrogen-fueled cell (HFCVs) zingase zibe yinto evamile emigwaqweni yethu. Ngokungafani nezimoto ezijwayelekile, ama-HFCV akhipha umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela, anciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuphuka kwe-hydrogen kungabona amakhaya nezakhiwo ezinikezwa amandla amaseli e-hydrogen fuel, kunciphisa ukuthembela kugesi wegridi futhi kunikeze umthombo wamandla ohlanzekile, osebenza kangcono.

Ukwengeza, indima ye-hydrogen njengesithwali samandla esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi sithembisa ukushintsha indlela amabhizinisi asebenza ngayo. Izinkampani zingasebenzisa i-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla emishini yazo, imikhumbi yezimoto, noma yonke indawo yazo, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwezindleko zokusebenza nezinyathelo zekhabhoni. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen ekwenzeni insimbi nakho kunesithembiso senqubo yezimboni evumelana nemvelo, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni embonini.

Ukwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali ku-hydrogen kunganika amandla ukuhlelwa kwamadolobha okune-eco-friendly kanye nezokuthutha zomphakathi. Amabhasi, amathilamu, noma izitimela ezinamandla e-hydrogen zingase zivame, zinikeze enye indlela ehlanzekile kunezokuthutha zomphakathi ezivamile. Ukwengeza, ohulumeni bangase futhi bacabangele izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda esekwe yi-hydrogen, njengeziteshi zokugcwalisa uphethiloli zama-HFCV, ezingase zikhuthaze ukukhula komnotho kuyilapho zisekela nokushintshela emithonjeni yamandla ahlanzekile. Lolu shintsho luzodinga nezinhlelo zemfundo nokuqeqesha ukuze kuhlomise abasebenzi ngamakhono ahambisana nomnotho we-hydrogen.

Imithelela ye-hydrogen eluhlaza

Imithelela ebanzi ye-hydrogen eluhlaza ingabandakanya:

• I-ammonia eluhlaza (eyenziwe nge-hydrogen eluhlaza) njengendlela engase ibe indawo yezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi kumanyolo wezolimo kanye nokuphehla amandla ashisayo.
• Ukwenziwa ngcono kobuchwepheshe be-hydrogen fuel cell obuzohambisana nokukhula kwezinketho zezimoto ze-hydrogen.
• Ukusebenza kokushisisa amakhaya nge-hydrogen—isixazululo esihlolwa e-UK, lapho cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa yase-UK ingabangelwa amasistimu okushisa aphakathi kwegesi yemvelo.
• Ukuvela kwezimboni ezintsha, ezikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka komnotho kanye nokuqina ngokumelene nokushaqeka kwezimakethe, okufana nendlela umnotho wedijithali oguqule ngayo izinhlaka zomphakathi.
• Ukushintsha kwezombusazwe zamandla emhlabeni wonke, ukunciphisa umthelela wezizwe ezikhiqiza uwoyela zendabuko kanye nokukhulisa ukubaluleka kwamakhono okukhiqiza i-hydrogen.
• Inkathi entsha yemishini nemishini eyonga amandla, eshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo nesisebenza ngayo njengoba kwenza ukusabalala kwama-smartphones.
• Isidingo samakhono ahlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, ukugcinwa, nokusebenzisa, ukudala inguquko yabasebenzi efana nokuvela kwemboni yezobuchwepheshe.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• I-Hydrogen iye yanconywa njengophethiloli wekusasa amashumi eminyaka kodwa isanda kuqala ukuvela njengekhambi elingase libhekane nenselelo yomhlaba wonke yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo zikhona ukuze kuvulwe amandla e-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla ohlanzekile, ozinzile?
• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile okwenziwe ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen kuzoletha izinzuzo ezinhle esikhathini esimaphakathi kuya kwelide?