Ukuphambana kwemigwaqo okuhlakaniphile: Sawubona ku-automation, sala kahle emarobhothini

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 4, 2023

Njengoba izimoto eziningi zixhunywa nge-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), maningi amandla okuphatha ukugeleza kwethrafikhi ngendlela ephumelelayo ngokuvumela izimoto ukuthi zixhumane zodwa kanye nezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwethrafikhi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kuholele ekunciphiseni ukuminyana kwezimoto nezingozi kanye nekhono lokuthuthukisa imizila ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukwengeza, lokhu kuxhumana okwandisiwe kungase kwenze amarobhothi endabuko aphelelwe yisikhathi.

Umongo wempambanomgwaqo ohlakaniphile

Izimpambanomgwaqo ezihlakaniphile zenziwa zenzeke ngenani elikhulayo lezimoto ezizimele kanye ne-IoT. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuxhumana kwemoto iye emotweni (V2V) kanye nemoto-kuya-ingqalasizinda (V2X). Kusetshenziswa idatha yesikhathi sangempela, ukuphambana kwemigwaqo okuhlakaniphile kungaphatha kalula ukuhamba kwezimoto, amabhayisikili, nabahamba ngezinyawo ngokunikeza izimoto ukuthi zidlule ngamaqoqo esikhundleni sokuthembela emarobhothini. Njengamanje, amarobhothi ayadingeka ngoba abashayeli abangabantu abakwazi ukubikezelwa noma banembe njengezimoto ezizimele. 

Kodwa-ke, ku-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)'s Senseable City Lab (ukulingiswa kwedolobha elihlakaniphile lesikhathi esizayo), ukuphambana kwemigwaqo okuhlakaniphile kuzoba okusekelwe esikhaleni okufana nendlela ukuhlalisa kwendiza okusebenza ngayo. Esikhundleni sokufika kuqala, abaphathi bethrafikhi abasuselwa ku-slot bahlela izimoto ngamaqoqo futhi bazinikeze indawo etholakalayo ngokushesha uma ivuleka, esikhundleni sokulinda ngobuningi ukuze irobhothi libe luhlaza. Le ndlela izofinyeza isikhathi sokulinda sisuke ekubambezelekeni okuyisilinganiso samasekhondi angu-5 (emigwaqweni emibili yomzila owodwa) siye ngaphansi kwesekhondi.

Njengoba ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi engenantambo enomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu yanda ngo-2020, inkampani yocwaningo iGartner yalinganisela ukuthi izimoto eziyizigidi ezingama-250 zikwazile ukuxhuma kuyo. Lokhu kuxhumana okwandayo kuzokhuphula ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe kweselula futhi kuthuthukise isevisi kuma-smartphone namathebulethi. Izimoto zizokwazi ukwazisa ngezingozi nezimo zomgwaqo, zikhethe imizila yokugwema isiminyaminya, zisebenze namarobhothi ukuze zithuthukise ukuhamba kwethrafikhi, futhi zihambe ngamaqembu ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Nakuba izimpambanomgwaqo ezihlakaniphile zisesesigabeni socwaningo futhi zizosebenza kuphela uma zonke izimoto zikwazi ukuzimela, ezinye izinyathelo sezivele zenziwe ukuze zenzeke. Isibonelo, i-Carnegie Mellon University ifundela ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi i-Virtual Traffic Lights. Lobu buchwepheshe bukhiqiza amarobhothi edijithali kuwindi lomoya ukuze azise abashayeli abangabantu ngesimo sethrafikhi yesikhathi sangempela. Ngale ndlela, abashayeli abangabantu bangakwazi futhi ukuzivumelanisa nokugeleza kwethrafikhi futhi bathuthukise ukuphepha. Ukwengeza, ukuphambana kwemigwaqo okuhlakaniphile kungenza kube lula ngabantu ukuhambahamba, ikakhulukazi labo abangakwazi ukushayela, njengabantu asebekhulile noma abakhubazekile.

Ukwengeza, amarobhothi azophinde alungiswe ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe enanini lezimoto emgwaqeni kanye nezinga lokuminyana esikhundleni sokulungiselelwa okuhleliwe; lokhu okusha kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokugeleza kwezimoto ngamaphesenti angama-60 futhi kusize ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngoba izimoto zizokwazi ukufinyelela ngokushesha lapho ziya khona. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile phakathi kwezimoto kungase futhi kuxwayise ukushayisana okungenzeka noma izingozi. 

Okunye okuhlomula ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ezihlakaniphile ukuthi zenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda ekhona, njengemigwaqo namarobhothi, kunokwakha imigwaqo emisha nezimpambano zomgwaqo. Nakuba usemningi umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ngaphambi kokuba amarobhothi asuswe, abacwaningi abavela kwa-MIT bacabanga ukuthi ukuphambana kwemigwaqo okuhlakaniphile kungashintsha ukuhamba kwabantu emadolobheni, kubangele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nezinhlelo zokuhamba ezisebenza kahle.

Okushiwo ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ezihlakaniphile

Imithelela ebanzi yokuphambana kwemigwaqo ehlakaniphile ingase ihlanganise:

• Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaphendukela ekukhiqizeni izimoto ezizimele ezinganikeza idatha eyinkimbinkimbi, njengesivinini, indawo, indawo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, njll. Lo mkhuba uzojulisa nakakhulu ukushintshela ezimotweni zibe amakhompyutha ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ahamba ngamasondo, okudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwesofthiwe kanye ne-semiconductor. ubuchwepheshe phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto.
• Kwakhiwa ingqalasizinda ehlakaniphile ukusekela ubuchwepheshe, njengemigwaqo nemigwaqo emikhulu enezinzwa namakhamera.
• Ngedatha eyengeziwe yokuhamba kwethrafikhi, izimo zomgwaqo, namaphethini okuhamba, kungase kube nokukhathazeka ngokuthi le datha isetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi ubani okwazi ukuyifinyelela, okuholela ekukhathazekeni kobumfihlo kanye nokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi.
• Amafemu ezimoto ze-cybersecurity adala izendlalelo ezengeziwe zokuphepha ukuvimbela i-hi-jack yedijithali nokuvuza kwedatha.
• Ikhwalithi yempilo ethuthukisiwe yezakhamuzi ngokunciphisa izikhathi zokuya emsebenzini, umsindo, nokungcoliswa komoya.
• Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezimotweni ngenxa yokuncipha kwesiminyaminya.
• Ukulahleka kwemisebenzi kwabasebenzi bokulawula umgwaqo, kodwa imisebenzi emisha kwezobuchwepheshe nobunjiniyela.
• Ohulumeni bagqugquzelwa ukuthi batshale imali kubuchwepheshe bempambano-mgwaqo obuhlakaniphile ngesikhathi sokuvuselela ingqalasizinda, kanye nokugqugquzela umthetho omusha wokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe obusha bethrafikhi. 
• Ukugeleza kwethrafikhi okuthuthukisiwe nokuncipha kokuminyana ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo kungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi kanye nokukhiqiza.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye izindlela izindlela ezihlakaniphile ezingaxazulula ngayo izinkinga zomgwaqo?
• Izindlela ezihlakaniphile zingakushintsha kanjani ukuya emadolobheni?