Ukuphila isikhathi eside nokukhubazeka: Izindleko zokuphila isikhathi eside

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 26, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Naphezu kokukhula kobude besikhathi sokuphila, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu baseMelika baphila isikhathi eside kodwa banempilo ebuthaka, ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwabo abayichitha besebenzelana nokukhubazeka noma izinkinga zempilo. Nakuba kube nokuncishiswa kwamazinga okukhubazeka phakathi kwalabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, ukukhubazeka okuhlobene nezifo kanye nezingozi kuyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka emhlabeni jikelele. Lo mkhuba udinga ukuhlolwa kabusha kokuthi silikala kanjani izinga lempilo, njengoba ukuphila isikhathi eside kukodwa akuqinisekisi izinga elihle lempilo. Njengoba inani labantu asebekhulile kanye nezibalo ezikhulayo zabantu abadala abakhubazekile, kubalulekile ukuthi ohulumeni batshale imali emiphakathini efinyelelekayo kanye nezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze babhekane nezidingo zabo. 

Izimpilo ezinde ezinomongo wokukhubazeka

Ngokocwaningo lwango-2016 lwaseNyuvesi yaseSouthern California (USC), abantu baseMelika baphila isikhathi eside kodwa banempilo ebuthaka. Abacwaningi babheke izitayela zeminyaka yokuphila kanye namazinga okukhubazeka kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-2010. Bathola ukuthi nakuba isilinganiso sengqikithi yokuphila kwabesilisa nabesifazane sikhuphuka phakathi naleso sikhathi, sakhula kanjalo nesikhathi esichithwe uphila nohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka. 

Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuphila isikhathi eside akusho ukuba nempilo enhle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Eqinisweni, amaqembu amaningi obudala aphila nohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka noma ukukhathazeka ngezempilo kuze kube yilapho esekhulile. Ngokusho kombhali oholayo wocwaningo u-Eileen Crimmins, uprofesa we-USC gerontology, kunezimpawu ezithile zokuthi ama-Baby Boomers aphezulu awakuboni ukuthuthuka kwezempilo okufana namaqembu amadala abandulele. Iqembu kuphela elabona ukwehla kokukhubazeka kwaba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.

Futhi ukukhubazeka okuhlobene nezifo kanye nezingozi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngo-2019, i-World Health Organization (WHO) yenza ucwaningo ngesimo somhlaba wonke seminyaka yokuphila kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2019. Imiphumela yathola ukuncipha kokushona kwabantu ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo emhlabeni wonke (yize zisabhekwa njengezinkinga ezibalulekile emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi) . Ngokwesibonelo, ukufa kwabantu abaphethwe isifo sofuba kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-30 emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi iminyaka yokuphila iye yanda phakathi neminyaka edlule, nesilinganiso seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-73 ngo-2019. Nokho, abantu bachitha iminyaka eyengeziwe benempilo ebuthaka. Ukulimala nakho kuyimbangela enkulu yokukhubazeka nokufa. Esifundeni sase-Afrika kuphela, ukufa okuhlobene nokulimala komgwaqo kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-50 kusukela ngo-2000, kanti iminyaka yokuphila enempilo elahlekile nayo inyuke kakhulu. Ukwenyuka okungamaphesenti angu-40 kuwo womabili amamethrikhi kubonwe endaweni yaseMpumalanga yeMedithera. Emhlabeni jikelele, amaphesenti angama-75 azo zonke izingozi zomgwaqo ngabesilisa.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngokusekelwe embikweni wocwaningo lwe-UN wezi-2021, isidingo sesihlonziwe sendlela engcono yokukala izinga lempilo ngaphandle kokuphila isikhathi eside. Yize kunezikhungo zokunakekela zesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi emazweni athuthukile kwezomnotho, abahlali abanayo ngempela impilo enhle. Ukwengeza, lapho ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 luhlasela, lezi zindawo zokuhlala zaba izingibe zokufa njengoba leli gciwane lisakazeka ngokushesha kubahlali.

Njengoba isikhathi sokuphila sikhula, abantu abadala abakhubazekile bazoba yisizinda esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Lo mkhuba ugqamisa isidingo sokuthi ohulumeni bathathe indlela yesikhathi eside uma betshala imali ekuhleleni kwabo, ekuklameni, nasekwakheni izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo yabantu abadala, ikakhulukazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubandakanywa kwemvelo nokufinyeleleka. 

Imithelela yokuphila isikhathi eside nokukhubazeka 

Imithelela ebanzi yokuphila isikhathi eside nokukhubazeka ingabandakanya: 

• Amafemu e-Biotech atshala imali emithini yokunakekela kanye nokwelapha abantu abakhubazekile.
• Uxhaso oluningi lokutholwa kwezidakamizwa ezinganciphisa futhi zihlehlise imiphumela yokuguga.
• I-Gen X kanye nenani labantu beminyaka eyinkulungwane ababhekene nobunzima bezezimali njengoba beba abanakekeli abayinhloko babazali babo isikhathi eside. Lezi zibopho zinganciphisa amandla okusebenzisa kanye nokuhamba kwezomnotho kwalezi zizukulwane ezincane.
• Ukwenyuka kwesidingo sezikhungo ezinakekela asebegulela ukufa kanye nezikhungo zokunakekela izingane zesikhathi eside ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zeziguli ezikhubazekile. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nokushoda kwezisebenzi njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni wonke liqhubeka nokuncipha futhi likhula.
• Amazwe anesibalo esinciphayo atshala imali kakhulu kumarobhothi nezinye izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ukuze anakekele abantu abadala bawo kanye nabantu abaphila nokukhubazeka.
• Intshisekelo yabantu ekhulayo ezindleleni ezinempilo nemikhuba, okuhlanganisa nokuqapha izibalo zabo zezempilo ngokusebenzisa okugqokekayo okuhlakaniphile.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Izwe lakini lizisungula kanjani izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka izakhamuzi ezikhubazekile ngokunakekelwa?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinselelo zabantu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi ukuguga nokukhubazeka?