Idatha yezempilo yesiguli: Ubani okufanele ayilawule?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 9, 2021

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Imithetho emisha edinga abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi banikeze iziguli ukufinyelela olwazini lwazo lwezempilo olusebenza ngogesi yethuliwe, kodwa ukukhathazeka kusasele mayelana nobumfihlo besiguli kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha yomuntu wesithathu. Iziguli ezilawula idatha yazo yezempilo zizenza zikwazi ukulawula inhlalakahle yazo, zixhumane kangcono nabahlinzeki bezempilo, futhi zinikele ekuthuthukisweni kwezokwelapha ngokwabelana ngedatha. Nokho, ukubandakanya izinkampani zangaphandle ekuphathweni kwedatha kubangela izingozi zobumfihlo, ezidinga izinyathelo zokufundisa iziguli mayelana nezingozi ezingaba khona kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwedatha. 

Ingqikithi yedatha yesiguli

Ihhovisi lase-US Lomxhumanisi Kazwelonke Wezempilo IT (ONC) kanye neCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) bakhiphe imithetho emisha edinga abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi bavumele iziguli ukuthi zithole ulwazi lwazo lwezempilo olusebenza ngogesi. Nokho, kusenokukhathazeka mayelana nobumfihlo besiguli kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha yezempilo evela eceleni.

Imithetho emisha ihloselwe ukusiza iziguli ukuthi zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwazo kwezempilo, ngokuzivumela ukuthi zifinyelele kudatha eyayigcinwe abahlinzeki bezempilo kuphela nalabo abayikhokhelayo. Izinkampani ze-IT zezinkampani zangaphandle manje sezizosebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwabahlinzeki neziguli, zivumele iziguli ukuthi zifinyelele idatha yazo ngesofthiwe emisiwe, evulekile.

Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ubani okufanele abe nokulawula idatha yesiguli. Ingabe umhlinzeki, oqoqa idatha futhi onobungcweti obufanele? Ingabe umuntu wesithathu, olawula ukuxhumana phakathi komhlinzeki nesiguli, futhi ongaboshelwe esigulini nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokunakekela? Ingabe yisiguli, njengoba ukuphila nempilo yaso kusengozini, futhi yizona ezizolahlekelwa kakhulu uma lezi ezinye izinhlangano ezimbili zinesithakazelo esibi?

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba abantu besithathu bebamba iqhaza ekulawuleni ukuxhumana phakathi kweziguli nabahlinzeki, kunengozi yokuthi idatha yezempilo ebucayi ingase ingaphathwa kahle noma ifinyelelwe ngendlela engafanele. Iziguli zingase ziphathise laba baxhumanisi ngolwazi lwazo lomuntu siqu, okungase kulimaze ubumfihlo bazo. Ukwengeza, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokufundisa iziguli ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nezivikelo ezitholakala kuzo, okuzivumela ukuba zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwabelana ngedatha yazo.

Kodwa-ke, ukulawula idatha yezempilo kwenza iziguli zibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulawuleni inhlalakahle yazo. Bangaba nombono ophelele womlando wabo wezokwelapha, ukuxilonga, nezinhlelo zokwelashwa, okungenza kube lula ukuxhumana kangcono nabahlinzeki bezempilo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenzisana kokunakekelwa okuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli zingakhetha ukwabelana ngedatha yazo nabacwaningi, kube neqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kolwazi lwezokwelapha futhi okungase kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo.

Izinhlangano kungase kudingeke ukuthi zivumelanise izinqubo zazo ukuze zithobelane nemithetho yokuvikela idatha futhi ziqinisekise ukuvikeleka nobumfihlo bolwazi lwesiguli. Lezi zinyathelo zingabandakanya ukutshala imali ezinyathelweni ze-cybersecurity, ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphatha idatha ezingafihli, kanye nokukhuthaza isiko lobumfihlo ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Okwamanje, ohulumeni kungase kudingeke basungule futhi baphoqelele imithetho eqinile yobumfihlo ukuze bavikele ulwazi olubucayi lweziguli futhi babambe izinkampani zangaphandle ziphendule ngezenzo zabo. Ukwengeza, bangakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamasistimu edatha yezempilo asebenzisanayo avumela ukushintshana kolwazi okungenazihibe kuyilapho kugcinwa ubumfihlo bedatha. 

Imithelela yedatha yezempilo yesiguli

Imithelela ebanzi yedatha yezempilo yesiguli ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukuncintisana phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezempilo okuholela ezindlekweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezithengekayo nezifinyelelekayo kubantu ngabanye futhi okungenzeka kunciphise izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zizonke.
• Imithetho emisha nemithethonqubo yokubhekana nokukhathazeka kobumfihlo nokugcina ukwethenjwa komphakathi.
• Isevisi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo yomuntu siqu kakhulu futhi ehlosiwe, ebhekelela izidingo ezithile nokuthandwa kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene abantu, njengabantu abadala noma abantu abanezimo ezingamahlalakhona.
• Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi amasha, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nezinkundla zokusiza ukushintshaniswa kwedatha nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yesiguli.
• Amathuba omsebenzi ekuphathweni kwedatha, ukuvikelwa kobumfihlo, namasevisi ezempilo edijithali.
• I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) inika amandla ukuqoqwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela yezemvelo neyezempilo, okuholela kumasu asebenza ngempumelelo okuvikela izifo kanye nokuqapha okuthuthukisiwe kwezempilo kwemvelo.
• Imakethe yokuhlaziywa kwedatha yezempilo nemithi yomuntu siqu ikhula okukhulu, nezinkampani ezisebenzisa idatha elawulwa yisiguli ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe, izinhlelo zokwelashwa, nokungenelela kwezempilo.
• Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe nokuvumelanisa kwemithetho yobumfihlo bedatha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushintshana okungenazihibe nokuvikelekile kolwazi lwezempilo emingceleni.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe unomuzwa wokuthi imithetho emisha elawula ukufinyelela kwedatha inikeza isivikelo esanele ezigulini?
• I-Texas okwamanje ukuphela kwesifunda sase-US esikwenqabela ngokucacile ukuphinda kukhonjwe idatha yezokwelapha engaziwa. Ingabe ezinye izifundazwe kufanele zamukele imibandela efanayo?
• Ithini imibono yakho ngokuthengisa idatha yesiguli?