I-Quantum Supremacy: Isixazululo sekhompuyutha esingaxazulula izinkinga ngesivinini se-quantum

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 20, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Quantum computing, isebenzisa ama-qubits angaba khona kanyekanye njengawo womabili okuthi 0 kanye no-1, ivula iminyango yokuxazulula izinkinga zokubala ngesivinini esidlula kude amakhompyutha akudala. Lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla okuguqula izimboni ngokuvumela ukubikezela okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqhekeka kwamakhodi we-cryptographic, ngisho nokuphindaphinda ukusebenzisana kwebhayoloji. Ukuphishekela ukuphakama kwe-quantum kuye kwaholela enqubekela phambili emangalisayo, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ekuthathweni kwesampula ye-boson, kodwa futhi kuphakamisa izinselele ezifana nezinkinga zokuhambisana, ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha, nokucatshangelwa kwendawo yezepolitiki.

Ingqikithi ye-Quantum ukuphakama

Ulimi lomshini wekhompuyutha ye-quantum lisebenzisa ama-qubits akhona ngesikhathi esisodwa njengokubili okungu-0 kanye no-1 ukuze kuhlolwe zonke izindlela ezingaba khona, okunamandla okuxazulula izinhlobo ezithile zezinkinga zokubala ngokushesha okukhulu kunamakhompuyutha akudala. Umqondo ongemuva kwale ndlela yokugcina waziwa ngokuthi yi-quantum computing. I-Quantum supremacy, ngenye indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi i-quantum advantage, iwumgomo wenkundla ye-quantum computing ehlose ukwakha ikhompuyutha ye-quantum ehlelekayo engaxazulula izinkinga ikhompuyutha yakudala engeke ikwazi ukuzixazulula. Lapho amakhompyutha e-classical esebenzisa ama-bits, amakhompyutha e-quantum asebenzisa ama-qubits njengeyunithi eyisisekelo yolwazi.

Ngomgomo we-superposition, ama-qubits amabili angaba khona ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-Quantum algorithms isebenzisa umqondo obizwa ngokuthi i-quantum entanglement ukuze ihlobanise kahle ama-qubits, okwenza ikhompuyutha ye-quantum ibonise ukuphakama kwayo. Lawa makhompyutha angakwazi ukweqa amakhodi e-cryptographic, aphindaphinde ukusebenzisana kwebhayoloji namakhemikhali, kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yokubikezela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nebhajethi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zemboni. 

Ubukhulu be-Quantum bubone inqubekela phambili emangalisayo, ngenye yempumelelo yakamuva evela eXanadu. NgoJuni 2022, inkampani yobuchwepheshe be-quantum yaseCanada i-Xanadu yabika intuthuko enkulu ekuthathweni kwe-boson, isebenzisa izihibe ze-optical fibre kanye ne-multiplexing ukuthola inani lama-photons angu-125 kuya kwangu-219 ezindleleni eziminyanisiwe ezingu-216, ifuna ukushesha izikhathi eziyizigidi ezingu-50 ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini, kuhlanganise ne-Google. Le mpumelelo igcizelela imvelo eguquguqukayo nethuthukayo ye-quantum computing, nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene eziphusha imingcele yobuchwepheshe.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuphishekela ukuphakama kwe-quantum ngama-tech giants nezizwe kungaphezu komjaho wamalungelo okuqhosha; kuyindlela eya emathubeni amasha okubala. Amakhompiyutha e-Quantum, anekhono lokwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesivinini esingacabangeki ngamakhompyutha wakudala, angaholela ekuthuthukisweni okubalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene. Kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu kuya ekusheshiseni ukutholwa kwezidakamizwa, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona ziningi. 

Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-quantum computing nakho kuletha izinselele nokukhathazeka. Izindlela ezihlukene zekhompuyutha ye-quantum, njengokusebenzisa kwe-Google ama-chips e-superconducting kanye ne-photonic prototype yase-China, kubonisa ukuthi ayikho indlela emisiwe okwamanje. Lokhu kuntuleka kokufana kungase kuholele ezinkingeni zokusebenzisana futhi kuvimbe ukubambisana phakathi kwezinhlangano ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla amakhompiyutha e-quantum ukuze aqhekeze izindlela zamanje zokubethela aphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezokuphepha okufanele ohulumeni namabhizinisi bakulungise.

Isici se-geopolitical sobukhulu be-quantum asinakunakwa futhi. Ukuncintisana phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu efana ne-US ne-China kulo mkhakha ubonisa umzabalazo obanzi wokubusa kwezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuqhudelana kungase kuqhubekisele phambili ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nocwaningo, kukhuthaze ukukhula ezimbonini nasezifundweni ezihlobene. Kodwa-ke, futhi kubeka engcupheni yokudala ukuhlukana kwezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezizwe, okungenzeka kuholele ekungezwani nasekungalinganini komthelela womhlaba. Ukubambisana nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ekuthuthukisweni nasekusatshalalisweni kobuchwepheshe be-quantum kuzoba ukhiye ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinzuzo zabo zabiwa kabanzi nangokuzibophezela.

Imithelela ye-quantum supremacy 

Imithelela ebanzi ye-quantum supremacy ingabandakanya:

• Amamodeli ebhizinisi esikhathi esizayo asebenzisa amakhompyutha we-quantum ukunikeza izixazululo zebhizinisi. 
• Ukuvela kwe-cybersecurity okuzokwenza ukubethela okukhona kungabe kusasebenza futhi kuphoqelele ukwamukelwa kwezixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubethela kwe-quantum. 
• Ukuthuthukisa ukutholwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zezinkampani zemithi namakhemikhali. 
• Ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokusebenzisa kahle iphothifoliyo ezisetshenziswa izinkampani zesevisi yezezimali. 
• Ukukhiqiza ubukhulu bokusebenza kahle kuwo wonke amabhizinisi ancike ekuphatheni, isb, ukuthengisa, ukulethwa, ukuthunyelwa, nokuningi. 
• Ubuchwepheshe be-Quantum buba yindawo elandelayo yokutshala imali ngemuva kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, okuholela ekuqalweni okuningi kulo mkhakha.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Amakhompiyutha e-Quantum asethenjiswe iminyaka engamashumi amane, ucabanga ukuthi kuzowathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi adayiswe?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimboni ezingase zibone umthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kobukhulu be-quantum?