Reshoring supply chain: Umjaho wokwakha endaweni

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 16, 2023

Okudala kubhekwa njengomkhakha omkhulu, oxhumene, uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke lube nokuphazamiseka kanye nezingqinamba ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenze amafemu abheka kabusha uma ukuthembela kubahlinzeki abambalwa kuphela kanye namaketango okuhlinzeka kuwukutshalwa kwezimali okuhle kokuqhubekela phambili.

Ukususa kabusha umongo wamaketango wokuhlinzeka

I-World Trade Organization yathi isamba sohwebo emhlabeni wonke singaphezu kwama- $22 trillion USD ngo-2021, okungaphezu kwenani eliphindwe kashumi kusukela ngo-1980. Ukwanda kwamaketango okunikezwayo emhlabeni jikelele kanye nentuthuko ebalulekile yendawo yezepolitiki kuthonye izinkampani ukuthi zenze kabusha uchungechunge lwazo lokuhlinzeka ngokungeza iziza zokukhiqiza kanye abahlinzeki eMexico, Romania, China, naseVietnam, phakathi kwamanye amazwe angabizi kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobhubhane lwango-2020 lwe-COVID-19, abaholi bezimboni akumele bacabange kabusha amaketanga abo, kodwa futhi kufanele bawenze asheshe futhi asimeme. Ngokusondela kokukhishwa kwemisebenzi yebhizinisi kanye nezinyathelo ezintsha zokulawula, njengentela yasemngceleni wekhabhoni ye-European Union (EU), kuyacaca ukuthi amamodeli asunguliwe we-global supply chain kuzodingeka ashintshe.

Ngokocwaningo lwango-2022 lwe-Ernst & Young (EY) Industrial Supply Chain Survey, amaphesenti angama-45 abaphendulile athi ahlangabezane nokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokubambezeleka okuhlobene nokuhleleka, kanti amaphesenti angama-48 abe nokuphazamiseka kokushoda kwezinto zokukhiqiza noma ukubambezeleka. Iningi labaphendulile (amaphesenti angu-56) liphinde labona ukunyuka kwentengo yokufakwayo kokukhiqiza.

Ngaphandle kwezinselelo ezihlobene nobhubhane, kunesidingo sokuhlela kabusha amaketanga okulethwa kwezidingo ngenxa yezehlakalo zomhlaba, njengokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine ngo-2022 kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali kwamanye amazwe. Izinkampani eziningi zithatha izinyathelo zokushintsha ukuphathwa kwazo, njengokunqamula ubudlelwano nabathengisi bamanje nezindawo zokukhiqiza kanye nokusondeza umkhiqizo eduze nalapho amakhasimende abo ekhona.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwezimboni lwe-EY, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-supply chain sekuyaqhubeka. Cishe amaphesenti angama-53 abaphendulile athi asondele ogwini noma ahlehlisa kabusha eminye imisebenzi kusukela ngo-2020, kanti amaphesenti angama-44 ahlela ukwenza lokho ngo-2024. ngakho ngo-57.

Isifunda ngasinye sisebenzisa amasu aso okuhlukanisa. Izinkampani eNyakatho Melika seziqalile ukuhambisa ukukhiqiza nabahlinzeki eduze nasekhaya ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga nokuqeda ukubambezeleka. Ikakhulukazi, uhulumeni wase-US ubelokhu ekhulisa ukwesekwa kwakhe kwasekhaya ekukhiqizeni nasekutholeni izinsiza. Ngaleso sikhathi, abakhiqizi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke sebeqalile ukutshala imali ezimbonini zokukhiqiza amabhethri emoto kagesi yasekhaya (EV); lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kwasefekthri kuqhutshwa idatha yemakethe ephakamisa ukuthi izimfuno zesikhathi esizayo zama-EV zizoba phezulu nokuthi amaketanga okuhlinzeka adinga ukuchayeka kancane ekuphazamisekeni kwezohwebo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibandakanya i-China ne-Russia.

Izinkampani zase-Europe nazo ziphinda zinqamula imigqa yazo yokukhiqiza futhi sezishintshe izisekelo zabahlinzeki. Kodwa-ke, izinga eligcwele lalelisu kusenzima ukulilinganisa, uma kucatshangelwa impi phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine kusukela ngo-2022. Izinkinga zomphakeli wase-Ukraine ezinezingxenye nezinselelo zezokuthutha kanye nokuvalwa kwendawo yezindiza yaseRussia okuphazamisa imizila yezimpahla yase-Asia-Europe kuye kwacindezela izinkampani zaseYurophu ukuthi ziqhubeke zizivumelanisa nezimo. amaqhinga abo e-supply chain.

Imithelela Yokuthunga kabusha amaketanga okuhlinzeka

Imithelela ebanzi yokuhlehlisa kabusha amaketango wokuhlinzeka ingase ihlanganise: 

• Izinkampani ezitshala imali kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D ekukhiqizeni ukuguqulwa kwangaphakathi.
• Izinkampani zezimoto ezikhetha ukuthola umthombo kubahlinzeki bendawo futhi zakhe izitshalo zamabhethri eduze nalapho imakethe yazo itholakala khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangase futhi basuse umkhiqizo othile eShayina bavune iNyakatho Melika, iYurophu, nezinye izingxenye zase-Asia.
• Amafemu amakhemikhali andisa umthamo wawo we-supply chain e-US, India, nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia.
• I-China yakha izindawo zayo zokukhiqiza zasendaweni ukuze ikwazi ukuzimela ngokwengeziwe, okuhlanganisa nokuncintisana emhlabeni wonke ukuze ibe umphakeli obalulekile we-EV.
• Amazwe athuthukile atshala imali eningi ekusunguleni izindawo zazo zokukhiqiza amashiphu ekhompyutha ngaphakathi, asebenza kuzo zonke izimboni, okuhlanganisa nezempi.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Uma usebenza emkhakheni we-supply chain, yimaphi amanye amasu okuhlukanisa?
• Ingabe ukwehlukana kungabuthinta ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe? Uma kunjalo, kanjani?
• Ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuthambekela kokuhlukanisa kuzoyithinta kanjani imali engenayo yamazwe asathuthuka?