Imigwaqo ezilungisayo: Ingabe imigwaqo esimeme ekugcineni ingenzeka?

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Imigwaqo ezilungisayo: Ingabe imigwaqo esimeme ekugcineni ingenzeka?

Imigwaqo ezilungisayo: Ingabe imigwaqo esimeme ekugcineni ingenzeka?

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Ubuchwepheshe buyathuthukiswa ukuze imigwaqo ikwazi ukuzilungisa futhi isebenze iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-80.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • Kwangathi 25, 2023

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezimoto sekufake ingcindezi enkulu kohulumeni ekulungiseni nasekulungiseni imigwaqo. Izixazululo ezintsha zivumela ukukhululeka ekubuseni kwamadolobha ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokulungisa umonakalo wengqalasizinda.   

    Imigwaqo eyazilungisayo umongo

    Ngo-2019, ohulumeni bezifundazwe nabasekhaya e-US babele cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-203, noma amaphesenti ayisi-6 esamba esiphelele sezindleko zabo eziqondile, emigwaqweni emikhulu nemigwaqo, ngokusho kwe-Urban Institute. Lesi samba senza imigwaqo emikhulu nemigwaqo yaba yizindleko ezinkulu zesihlanu ngokwezindleko ezivamile zalowo nyaka. Lezi zindleko ziphinde zadonsa ukunaka kubatshalizimali abanentshisekelo yokusungula izixazululo ezintsha zokukhulisa inani lalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yomphakathi. Ikakhulukazi, abacwaningi nabaqalayo bazama ezinye izinto noma izingxube ukwenza imigwaqo iqine kakhudlwana, ekwazi ukuvala imifantu ngokwemvelo.

    Isibonelo, uma ishisa ngokwanele, itiyela elisetshenziswa emigwaqweni yendabuko lijika libe lincane kakhulu futhi liyanwebeka. Abacwaningi baseNetherlands basebenzise leli khono futhi banezela imicu yensimbi ekuhlanganisweni komgwaqo. Njengoba umshini wokungeniswa uqhutshwa emgwaqeni, insimbi iyashisa, okwenza i-asphalt yande futhi igcwalise noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka. Ngisho noma le ndlela ibiza amaphesenti angu-25 ngaphezu kwemigwaqo evamile, ukonga okungase kwenziwe ukuphila okuphindwe kabili kanye nezindawo ezizilungisayo kufika ku-$95 million USD ngonyaka, ngokusho kwe-Netherlands' Delft University. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imicu yensimbi ibuye ivumele ukudluliswa kwedatha, ivule amathuba amamodeli ezimoto ezizimele.

    I-China futhi inenguqulo yayo yomqondo nge-Su Jun-Feng ye-Tianjin Polytechnic isebenzisa amaphilisi e-polymer ekhulayo. Lezi zinwebeka ukuze zigcwalise noma yimiphi imifantu nemifantu ngokushesha nje lapho ziqala ukubola, zimise ukubola komgwaqo kuyilapho zenza indlela egandayiwe ingabi namaphaphu.   

    Umthelela ophazamisayo 

    Njengoba isayensi yezinto zokwakha iqhubeka ithuthuka, ohulumeni cishe bazoqhubeka nokutshala imali ekuthuthukiseni imigwaqo yokuzilungisa. Isibonelo, ososayensi base-Imperial College yaseLondon bakha i-engineering living material (ELM) eyenziwe ngohlobo oluthile lwe-cellulose yebhaktheriya ngo-2021. I-spheroid cell cultures esetshenzisiwe ingezwa uma yonakalisiwe. Lapho izimbobo zishaywa ku-ELM, zanyamalala ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu njengoba amaseli elungiswa ukuze aphulukise i-ELM. Njengoba izivivinyo ezengeziwe ezinjengalezi ziba yimpumelelo, imigwaqo yokuzilungisa ingenga izinsiza ezinkulu zikahulumeni ekulungiseni imigwaqo. 

    Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lokudlulisa ulwazi ngokuhlanganisa insimbi emigwaqweni lingavumela izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) ukuthi zishaje kabusha ngenkathi zisendleleni, kuncishiswe izindleko zikagesi nokwelula ibanga elingahamba lawa mamodeli. Nakuba izinhlelo zokwakha kabusha zingase zikude, amaphilisi 'okuvuselela kabusha' aseChina anganikeza ikhono lokwelula ubude bempilo yemigwaqo. Ukwengeza, izivivinyo eziyimpumelelo ngezinto eziphilayo zizosheshisa ucwaningo endaweni njengoba zinganakekelwa futhi zingaphatha kahle imvelo kunezingxenye ezijwayelekile.

    Nokho, kungase kube nezinselele ezizayo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhlolwa lobu buchwepheshe. Isibonelo, iYurophu ne-US ziqinile impela ngemithetho yazo ephathekayo. Noma kunjalo, amanye amazwe, anjengeSouth Korea, China, neJapan, asevele abheka ukuhlola izinto zomgwaqo eziyingxube.

    Imithelela yokuzilungisa kwemigwaqo

    Imithelela ebanzi yemigwaqo ezilungisayo ingase ihlanganise:

    • Izingozi ezincishisiwe nezingozi zokulimala ezibangelwa imigodi nokunye ukungapheleli kwendawo. Ngokunjalo, izindleko zokulungisa izimoto ezincishiswe kancane ngesilinganiso sabantu zingase zibonakale. 
    • Isidingo esinciphayo somsebenzi wokulungiswa nokulungiswa komgwaqo. Le nzuzo ingasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukuminyana kwethrafikhi kwaminyaka yonke kanye namamethrikhi okulibaziseka okubangelwa umsebenzi onjalo wokulungisa.
    • Izingqalasizinda ezingcono zokusekela izimoto ezizimele nezikagesi, okuholela ekwamukelweni okusabalele kwale mishini.
    • Ukwandisa utshalomali ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezisimeme zemigwaqo yesikhathi esizayo, kanye nokufakwa kwezicelo kweminye imiklamo yengqalasizinda yomphakathi.
    • Imboni ezimele ehlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo zezohwebo nezindawo zokuhlala, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezijwayele ukuzamazama.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ubona ngeso lengqondo imigwaqo ezilungisayo isisetshenziswa ngokusebenza, futhi yiziphi izinselelo okungase kudingeke ukuthi kubhekwane nazo ukuze zifezeke?
    • Yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuthatha imigwaqo ezilungisayo noma cha endaweni ethile?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

    Izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ezidumile nezikhungo zibhekiselwe kulo mbono: