Idolobha elihlakaniphile labahamba ngezinyawo: Ukwenza amadolobha alungele abantu futhi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 5, 2023

Amadolobha akhiwe ngabantu, kodwa ngeshwa, ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo kaningi bekunganakwa emibonweni edlule yokuhlela amadolobha. Umqondo wamadolobha ahlakaniphile uhloselwe ukuguqula amazinga adlule ngokukholisa ohulumeni bomasipala ukuthi benze ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo kube yinto ehamba phambili futhi. Ngokubeka eqhulwini izidingo nokuphepha kwezakhamizi, amadolobha angaba izindawo okuhlalwa kuzo nezisimeme zokuhlala.

Idolobha elihlakaniphile labahamba ngezinyawo umongo

Izwe lanamuhla liya likhula ngokushesha, njengoba iZizwe Ezihlangene zibikezela ukuthi ngo-2050, amaphesenti angu-68 enani labantu emhlabeni azobe esehlala emadolobheni. Ngalokhu kukhula kuza nezinselelo ezintsha, enye yazo okwenza amadolobha aphile kakhudlwana, asebenze kahle, futhi asimeme. Isixazululo esisodwa sale nselele umqondo wamadolobha ahlakaniphile, asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe nedatha ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yezakhamuzi, ikakhulukazi ukuhamba.

Udaba lokuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo seluphenduke insakavukela umchilo wesidwaba emadolobheni emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2017, kwaba nokufa kwabahamba ngezinyawo abangu-6,000 e-US kanye nokufa kwezingane ezingaphezu kuka-2,400 eNingizimu Afrika. Lezi zingozi ngokuyinhloko zidalwe ukungahleleki kahle kwemigwaqo ekhuthaza ukugijima ngesivinini esiphezulu, okuholela esimweni esiyingozi sabahamba ngezinyawo. Izixazululo ezilula zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha, njengokwanda kokugadwa ngamakhamera e-CCTV, imikhawulo yesivinini esinensayo ezindaweni eziqokiwe, namarobhothi abekwe ngendlela efanele namabhodi amabhodi.

Kodwa-ke, izinguquko ezibanzi zidinga ukushintshela emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, ukubeka phambili ukuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela nokusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni nabahamba ngezinyawo. Ngosizo lwe-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), amadolobha ahlakaniphile akhipha amasistimu axhumene angalindela ukungqubuzana okungaba khona futhi aqoqe idatha mayelana nempendulo yabahamba ngezinyawo nokuthandwayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nokubeka izidingo zezakhamizi kuqala, amadolobha ahlakaniphile asebenzela ukudala izindawo zasemadolobheni eziphephile, ezihlaleka kakhudlwana.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Inkampani yase-US yobuchwepheshe bedolobha elihlakaniphile i-Applied Information yethule uhlelo lwayo lokuphepha lokuwela abahamba ngezinyawo olunikwe amandla yi-IoT (PCSS), olungadlulisela ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela kubashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone ye-TraveSafety. Amasistimu wokukhanya kwethrafikhi ayalungiseka, asuselwa ku-radar, futhi anamandla elanga. Kusabhekwa uhlelo olufanayo lwezinzwa e-UK, lapho amarobhothi angashintsha khona umbala ngokushesha nje lapho abahamba ngezinyawo benyathela empambana mgwaqo, ngisho noma ithrafikhi ingakami ngokuphelele.

Ukukhuphuka kwezimoto ezizimele noma ezizimele kungaholela ezimweni zomgwaqo eziphephile njengoba izisetshenziswa ezixhumene namadeshibhodi zixhumana ngokushesha nakancane kunezishayeli ezingabantu. Ngaleso sikhathi, e-Europe, iphrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Smart Pedestrian Net ihlola uhlelo lokusebenza oluqondisa abahamba ngezinyawo emizileni ephephe kakhulu (hhayi nje eshesha kakhulu) ukuya endaweni yabo. Abahamba ngezinyawo bangaphinda bashiye impendulo kuhlelo lokusebenza, njengemigwaqo emnyama, imigodi, nobungozi bezingozi abahlangabezana nazo phakathi nohambo lwabo.

Izibalo zabahamba ngezinyawo zingaqoqa amaphethini okuwa kanye nolwazi ezindaweni zokuminyana okuphezulu. Le datha ingase ibe nolwazi ngezinqumo zokuhlelwa kwedolobha, njengokubekwa kwezikhala zomphakathi, izindawo zokuwela abahamba ngezinyawo, nezinhlelo zokuphatha izimoto. Izibonisi zolwazi lwasesidlangalaleni zinganikeza ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela kubahamba ngezinyawo mayelana nokutholakala kwezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, izimo zomgwaqo, nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile. Isibonelo, izimpawu zedijithali zingabonisa amashejuli ebhasi nesitimela esikhathi sangempela, okusiza ukunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda nokwenza izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi zibe lula.

Imithelela yamadolobha ahlakaniphile kwabahamba ngezinyawo

Imithelela ebanzi yamadolobha ahlakaniphile kwabahamba ngezinyawo ingafaka:

• Ukuduma okwandayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphepha zabahamba ngezinyawo ezinganikeza izikhombisi-ndlela ezinembile nolwazi olubuyekeziwe lwethrafikhi nezimo zomgwaqo kubahleli bedolobha nabalawuli.
• Abahleli basemadolobheni baqasha amafemu obuchwepheshe bedolobha ahlakaniphe kakhulu ukuthi bakhiphe izinhlelo zethrafikhi ze-IoT ezisimeme futhi ezilula kodwa ezivumelana nezimo.
• Ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwamakhodi amasha omakhelwane kanye namabhulokhi wedolobha aqinisekisa ukuthi ingqalasizinda yemigwaqo yedolobha yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo yakhiwe ngezici ezikhuthaza ukuphepha nokunethezeka kwabahamba ngezinyawo. 
• Abathuthukisi bezindlu abaqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezinhlelo zethrafikhi ze-IoT ezindaweni eziqondiswe kubo ukuze banikeze amanani entengo eprimiyamu yezindawo zabo.
• Ukwenyuka kokubhekwa nokuqapha kwezindawo zomphakathi, okuholela ekukhathazekeni kobumfihlo kanye nokuguguleka kwenkululeko yomuntu siqu.
• Ukusatshalaliswa kobuchwepheshe bedolobha elihlakaniphile okungase kube nomphumela wokwanda kokungalingani kanye nokuqiniswa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni.
• Izindleko zokuqalisa ubuchwepheshe bedolobha elihlakaniphile ezingase ziphambukise izinsiza kwezinye izidingo ezicindezelayo zasemadolobheni, njengokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezingabizi kakhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda.
• Ukuncika kubuchwepheshe nedatha emadolobheni ahlakaniphile kukhulisa ubungozi bezinhlelo zasemadolobheni ekuhlaselweni ku-inthanethi nokuphulwa kwedatha, okubeka engcupheni ukuphepha komphakathi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Idolobha lakho likubeka kanjani phambili ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo?
• Ucabanga ukuthi amadolobha ahlakaniphile angakhuthaza kanjani abantu abaningi ukuthi bahambe ngezinyawo?