Uthuli oluhlakaniphile: Izinzwa ze-Microelectromechanical ukuze ziguqule imikhakha ehlukene

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 16, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Smart dust, eyakhiwe amasistimu amancanyana angenawaya we-microelectromechanical (MEMS), isilungele ukuchaza kabusha indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nomhlaba ngokuqoqa nokucubungula idatha kuyo yonke into kusukela ezimeni zemvelo kuye empilweni yabantu. Kusukela ekunikeni amandla ukuqapha kwemvelo okunembayo kuya ekuguquleni ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokwelashwa komuntu siqu, ngisho nokulolonga kabusha ezolimo ngokulima okunembayo, uthuli oluhlakaniphile lunikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, amandla ayo okuphazamisa aphinde alethe izinselele, njengesidingo semithetho yokuziphatha, izingozi ezingase zibe khona zokusebenzisa kabi, kanye nokushintsha kwezidingo zabasebenzi.

Umongo wothuli oluhlakaniphile

I-Smart dust iyisisetshenziswa esincane esivame ukusebenza eduze kwamashumi kuya kumakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zamanye amathuluzi anjalo, futhi ngayinye ingasebenza njengengxenye ngayinye yesistimu yekhompyutha enkulu. Uthuli oluhlakaniphile luqukethe uhla lwezinhlelo ezincane ezingenantambo ze-microelectromechanical (MEMS), njengamarobhothi, amakhamera, izinzwa, nezinye izindlela zokuxhumana. I-MEMS igcina ixhunywe kunethiwekhi yekhompiyutha ngaphandle kwentambo ukuze kuhlaziywe idatha etholwe ngobuchwepheshe be-radio-frequency identification (RFID). 

I-MEMS, ebizwa nangokuthi ama-motes, iqoqa idatha, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, ukusheshisa, ukucindezela, umsindo, ingcindezi, nomswakama. Le datha idluliswa isuka ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-microelectromechanical iye kwenye ize ifinyelele endaweni yokudlulisela. Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-MEMS ihlanganisa (1) ukuqoqa idatha, (2) ukucubungula idatha ngesistimu yekhompyutha ngaphandle kwentambo, (3) nokudlulisa idatha emafini noma kwenye i-MEMS ngaphandle kwentambo.

Abanye abacwaningi baphikisa ngokuthi uthuli oluhlakaniphile lumelele ukuvela okulandelayo kwe-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT). Lawa madivayisi athuthuke kakhulu, futhi ahlanganiswa yonke indawo kusukela kubuchwepheshe bamakhasimende njengama-smart thermostat kuya emikhiqizweni yomkhakha wezinkampani njengezinzwa ezincane eziqapha ukukhiqizwa kwemithombo kawoyela. Kodwa-ke, njengokusho kwe-Gartner's Hype Cycle, ubuchwepheshe bothuli oluhlakaniphile buzothatha iminyaka eyishumi ukuzuza ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kanye nokuguqula i-IoT ngezinga lezentengiso. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ikhono lobuchwepheshe be-Smart Dust ukubekwa ezindaweni eziwumngcingo nezikude livule iminyango yokuqapha kwemvelo okunembe kakhudlwana. Ngokubeka le mishini emincane ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, ososayensi bangaqoqa idatha yesikhathi sangempela mayelana namazinga okungcola, izinguquko zesimo sezulu, ngisho nemisebenzi yokuzamazama komhlaba. Lo mkhuba ungathuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu izinqubo zemvelo zomhlaba futhi unike amandla ohulumeni nezinhlangano ukuthi zisabele ngempumelelo ezinseleleni zemvelo. Emabhizinisini, lokhu kusho ithuba lokuvumelanisa izenzo zawo nezinjongo zentuthuko esimeme, ukuqinisekisa indlela enomthwalo wemfanelo ekuphathweni kwemithombo yemvelo.

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa kothuli oluhlakaniphile kudlula ukuqapha ukubuyiswa kwezitho ezilimele namathambo aphukile. Cabanga ngekusasa lapho la madivayisi amancane angaletha imithi eqondiswe kumaseli athile, enciphisa imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa okufana nokwelapha ngamakhemikhali. Izibhedlela nabahlinzeki bezempilo nabo bangasebenzisa uthuli oluhlakaniphile ukuze baqaphe ngokuqhubekayo izimpawu ezibalulekile zeziguli, okuholela ekunakekelweni komuntu siqu futhi okungenzeka kusindise izimpilo. Ohulumeni bangakwazi ukusekela lezi ntuthuko ngokugqugquzela ucwaningo nentuthuko.

Ukusetshenziswa kothuli oluhlakaniphile kwezolimo, njengoba kushiwo, kungaguqula indlela abalimi abaqapha ngayo futhi baphendule izidingo zezitshalo zabo. Uma ubheka phambili, lobu buchwepheshe bungenza kube nenkathi entsha yokulima ngokunemba, lapho isitshalo ngasinye sithola inani eliqondile lamanzi nezakhi ezisidingayo ukuze sichume. Le ndlela ingaholela ekuvunweni kwezitshalo okuphezulu, ukumoshwa okuncane kwezinsiza, nokuncipha kwamakhemikhali ayingozi asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane. 

Imithelela yothuli oluhlakaniphile

Imithelela ebanzi yothuli oluhlakaniphile ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kothuli oluhlakaniphile ekuhleleni amadolobha kanye nokugcinwa kwengqalasizinda, okuholela ekutholeni ubuthakathaka besakhiwo kanye nokulungiswa ngesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukuphepha komphakathi.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emisha ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yothuli ehlakaniphile.
• Uhulumeni ubeka imithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele kothuli oluhlakaniphile ezindabeni zokugadwa neziyimfihlo.
• Ushintsho ekunakekelweni kwezempilo luye ekuhlolweni komuntu siqu nokuqhubekayo, okuholela ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kwezifo nokwelashwa okufanelana nawe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe impilo yomphakathi iyonke.
• Ingozi engaba khona yokusetshenziswa kabi kothuli oluhlakaniphile yizinkampani ezinonya, okuholela ekukhathazekeni ngobunhloli nokuqoqwa kwedatha okungagunyaziwe, okungase kudinge ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe nezivumelwano.
• Amathuba okuthi uthuli oluhlakaniphile luguqule izindlela zokulima ezivamile, okuholela ekushintsheni ezidingweni zabasebenzi namakhono, kugcizelelwe ekwazini kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokunakekela imvelo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kothuli oluhlakaniphile ekuqapheni nasekulondolozeni imvelo esengozini, okuholela emizamweni yokonga enolwazi kakhudlwana kanye nomthelela omuhle ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo ocabanga ukuthi kuzosetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bothuli oluhlakaniphile eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo?
• Ohulumeni kufanele babulawule kanjani lobu buchwepheshe ukuze balinganisele ukusetshenziswa kabi kwabo?