Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu: Ukwenza umqondo wokuqukethwe ku-inthanethi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 7, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukufunda ngomshini kanye ne-AI kuguqula indlela esihlaziya ngayo inani elikhulu lokuqukethwe ku-inthanethi. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu, okuwuhlobo olubanzi kakhulu lokuhlaziya okuqukethwe okungokwesiko, kusebenzisa amasu afana nokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo (NLP) nokuhlaziywa kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi (SNA) ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kuqondwe idatha ye-inthanethi. Lokhu akusizi kuphela ekuhlabeni umkhosi okuqukethwe okulimazayo njengenkulumo enenzondo kodwa futhi kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngobugebengu bezezimali, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlaziya kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe buphinde buphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kokuqukethwe okuyinkohliso nenkulumo-ze. Njengoba ithuthuka, inemithelela ebanzi, ehlanganisa ukuhumusha kolimi okuthuthukisiwe, ukutholwa kokuchema, nezinyathelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuphepha ku-inthanethi.

Umongo wokuhlaziya okuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu

Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu inguqulo yesikali esikhulu sokuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukutadisha izakhi zolimi, ikakhulukazi izici zesakhiwo (isib, ubude bomyalezo, ukusatshalaliswa kombhalo othile noma izingxenye zesithombe) nezindikimba ze-semantic noma incazelo kwezokuxhumana. Umgomo uwukuveza amaphethini namathrendi angasiza i-AI ihlukanise kangcono ulwazi futhi inikeze inani kulo. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu kusebenzisa i-AI/ML ukwenza inqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo (NLP) nokuhlaziya inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi (SNA). 

I-NLP isetshenziselwa ukuqonda umbhalo kumawebhusayithi, kuyilapho i-SNA isetshenziselwa ukunquma ubudlelwano phakathi kwalawa masayithi ikakhulukazi ngezixhumanisi. Lezi zindlela zingasiza ekuhlonzeni inkulumo enenzondo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana futhi zifunde ikhwalithi yezemfundo nokwakheka komphakathi ngokuthunyelwe ku-inthanethi, amazwana, nokusebenzisana. Ikakhulukazi, i-NLP ingahlukanisa umbhalo ube amagama ngamanye bese iwahlaziya ngokufanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le-algorithm ingakwazi ukukhomba amagama angukhiye athile noma imishwana ngaphakathi kokuqukethwe kwewebhusayithi. I-AI ingaphinda inqume ukuthi amagama athile asetshenziswa kaningi kangakanani nokuthi asetshenziswa esimweni esihle noma esibi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ezinye izazi ziphikisa ngokuthi ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwewebhu kukhula kakhulu futhi kuba okungahlelekile futhi okungalawuleki, kufanele kube nendlela emisiwe yokuthi ama-algorithms angakhomba kanjani futhi enze umqondo walo lonke lolu lwazi. Yize okuqukethwe okuzenzakalelayo kuhlaziywa ngokubhala amakhodi sekungamashumi eminyaka kukhona, ngokuvamile kulandelwa umthetho olandelwayo ophelelwe yisikhathi: ukubala nje amaza egama nokucubungula amafayela ombhalo. Ukufunda okujulile kanye ne-NLP kungenza okuningi kakhulu ngokuqeqesha i-AI ukuze iqonde umongo kanye nesisusa semiyalezo. Eqinisweni, i-NLP isithole kahle kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni amagama nasekuhlukaniseni ngezigaba kangangokuthi isize yazala abasizi bokubhala abangakwazi ukulingisa indlela abantu abawahlela ngayo amagama nemisho. Ngeshwa, ukuphumelela okufanayo manje sekusetshenziselwa ukubhala okuqukethwe okungelona iqiniso okunjengama-athikili nokuthunyelwe okuklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa inkulumo-ze nolwazi olunganembile.

Noma kunjalo, ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu kuya kuba kuhle ekuhlabeni umkhosi ngenzondo nenkulumo enodlame, kanye nokuhlonza abalingisi ababi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Zonke izinkundla zokuxhumana zithembele ohlelweni oluthile lokubuyekeza okuqukethwe olungakhomba labo abakhuthaza imisebenzi engekho emthethweni noma ubuxhwanguxhwangu be-inthanethi. Ngaphandle kokulinganisela okuqukethwe, ukuhlaziya isikali sewebhu kungakha idatha yokuqeqeshwa ukusiza ama-algorithms ukukhomba ubugebengu bezezimali, obufana nokushushumbisa imali, ukubalekela intela, kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali kwamaphekula. Ngo-2021, i-AI yehlisa isikhathi esisithathayo ukuhlaziya ubugebengu bezezimali ukusuka emavikini angama-20 (okulingana nomhlaziyi oyedwa ongumuntu) kuya kumaviki ama-2, ngokusho kwenkampani yezokubonisana i-FTI. 

Imithelela yokuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu

Imithelela ebanzi yokuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu ingase ihlanganise: 

• Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuhumusha ulimi ngenxa yesizindalwazi esibanzi se-AI samagama kanye nencazelo yawo esekelwe esikweni.
• Amathuluzi angathola futhi ahlole ukuhlukahluka nokuchema enkulumweni nezinye izinhlobo zokuqukethwe. Lesi sici singaba usizo ekuhloleni ubuqiniso be-op-eds nama-athikili.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwemizwa okuthuthukisiwe okudlulela ngalé kokunikeza amagama angukhiye angalungile noma avumayo embhalweni nakuwo wonke ukuziphatha kwabasebenzisi ku-inthanethi.
• Ukutholwa kwe-cyberattack okuthuthukisiwe njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukwazi ukuhlonza amagama namakhodi asetshenziswa izigebengu.
• Ukufaka ohlwini okungcono kakhulu kanye nokuhlelwa kokuqukethwe okukhulu esikhathini eside, okungaba usizo kuhulumeni nasezinqolobaneni zocwaningo.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesikali sewebhu ekulawuleni imidiya yezenhlalo?
• Yiziphi izimo ezingase zisetshenziswe lobu buchwepheshe kwezinye izimboni?