I-Quantumrun

ISIKWELETU SESITHOMBE: I-Quantumrun

I-Virtual reality kanye nengqondo ye-hive global: Ikusasa le-Inthanethi P7

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
I-LinkedIn

Msombuluko, 09/14/2020 - 13:11

Isiphetho se-inthanethi—indlela yayo yokugcina yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izinto ezinekhanda, ngiyazi.

Sayikhomba lapho sikhuluma ngayo Namaqiniso ukungathandwa kwabathelisi (AR). Futhi manje ngemva kokuchaza ikusasa le-Virtual Reality (VR) ngezansi, ekugcineni sizodalula ukuthi i-inthanethi yethu yesikhathi esizayo izobukeka kanjani. Ukusikisela: Kuyinhlanganisela ye-AR ne-VR nolunye ucezu olulodwa lobuchwepheshe olungase luzwakale njengenganekwane yesayensi.

Futhi empeleni, konke lokhu kuyinganekwane yesayensi-okwamanje. Kodwa yazi ukuthi yonke into ozoyifunda isivele isathuthukiswa, futhi isayensi ngemuva kwayo isivele yafakazelwa. Uma ubuchwepheshe obalulwe ngenhla sebuhlanganiswe, ifomu lokugcina le-inthanethi lizoziveza lona.

Futhi izoshintsha isimo somuntu kuze kube phakade.

Ukunyuka kweqiniso elibonakalayo

Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, i-virtual reality (i-VR) ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ukuze udale inkohliso engokoqobo nekholisayo yomsindo nokubonwayo. Akufanele kudidaniswe nokungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona (AR) okwengeza ulwazi lwedijithali lokuqukethwe ngaphezu komhlaba wangempela, njengoba sixoxile engxenyeni yokugcina yalolu chungechunge. Nge-VR, umgomo uwukushintsha umhlaba wangempela nomhlaba ongokoqobo ongokoqobo.

Futhi ngokungafani ne-AR, ezobhekana nezinhlobonhlobo zezithiyo zobuchwepheshe nezenhlalo ngaphambi kokuthi yamukelwe ngobuningi bezimakethe, i-VR ibilokhu ikhona amashumi eminyaka esikweni elidumile. Sikubone ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamamuvi nezinhlelo zethelevishini ezigxile esikhathini esizayo. Abaningi bethu baze bazama nezinguqulo zakudala ze-VR kuma-arcade amadala nezinkomfa ezigxile emdlalweni nemibukiso yezohwebo.

Okuhlukile kulokhu ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-VR osebuzokhishwa buyimali yangempela. Ngaphambi kuka-2020, izinkampani zamandla ezifana ne-Facebook, Sony, ne-Google zizokhipha amahedisethi e-VR athengekayo azoletha imihlaba engokoqobo nesebenziseka kalula kubantu abaningi. Lokhu kumelela ukuqala kwendlela entsha yemakethe enkulu, ezoheha izinkulungwane zabathuthukisi besoftware kanye nehardware. Eqinisweni, ngasekupheleni kwawo-2020, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-VR nemidlalo ingase iqale ukukhiqiza ukulanda kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezivamile.

Imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa kokuqashwa, imihlangano yebhizinisi, ezokuvakasha ezibonakalayo, amageyimu, nokuzijabulisa—lezi ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa i-VR eshibhile, esebenziseka kalula, nengokoqobo engaphazamisa futhi ezoyiphazamisa. Kodwa ngokungafani nalokho okungenzeka ukuthi ukubonile kumamuvi noma ezindabeni zemboni, indlela ezothathwa yi-VR ukuze ihambe phambili ingase ikumangaze.

Indlela yento engekho ngokoqobo eya kwejwayelekile

Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuhamba ngendlela evamile ngokuya nge-VR. Ngenkathi labo abavivinya amahedisethi e-VR yakamuva (Oculus Rift, I-HTC Vive, Futhi Iphrojekthi kaSony Morpheus) ngikujabulele lokho, abantu basancamela umhlaba wangempela kunomhlaba obonakalayo. Kubantu abaningi, i-VR izogcina isizinze endaweni eyi-niche njengethuluzi lokuzijabulisa elidumile, ekhaya, futhi izuze ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwezemfundo nokuqeqeshwa embonini/ehhovisi.

Kwa-Quantumrun, sisanomuzwa wokuthi i-AR izoba yindlela yokuzikhethela yomphakathi egoba ngokoqobo esikhathini eside, kodwa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-VR njengoba kwakamuva kuzobona isiba ukulungiswa komphakathi kwesikhashana esifushane. (Empeleni, esikhathini esizayo esikude, ubuchwepheshe obusekela i-AR ne-VR buzocishe bufane.) Isizathu esisodwa salokhu ukuthi i-VR izothola ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kusukela kubuchwepheshe obubili obuvele buvamile: ama-smartphone ne-inthanethi.

I-VR ye-smartphone. Amahedisethi e-VR esiwashilo ekuqaleni kulindeleke ukuthi athengise cishe nge-$1,000 uma ekhishwa phakathi kuka-2016 no-2017 futhi angase adinge i-hardware yekhompiyutha ebizayo, esezingeni eliphezulu ukuze isebenze. Eqinisweni, le thegi yamanani ayifinyeleleki kubantu abaningi futhi ingase iqede ukuguquguquka kwe-VR ngaphambi kokuthi iqale ngokukhawulela ukuchayeka kwayo kwabaqalayo nabadlali abaqinile.

Ngenhlanhla, kunezinye izindlela zalawa mahedisethi aphezulu. Isibonelo sakuqala yilesi Google Cardboard. Ngo-$20, ungathenga umugqa wekhadibhodi we-origami ogoqeka ube yihedisethi. Le headset ine-slot yokuwisa ku-smartphone yakho, ebese isebenza njengesibonisi esibonakalayo futhi ngempumelelo iguqule i-smartphone yakho ibe ihedisethi ye-VR ebiza kancane.

Nakuba i-Cardboard ingase ingabi nesinqumo esifanayo namamodeli amahedisethi aphezulu aphezulu ngenhla, iqiniso lokuthi abantu abaningi asebenawo ama-smartphone linciphisa izindleko zokubona i-VR zisuka cishe ku-$1,000 ziye ku-$20. Lokhu kusho nokuthi iningi lonjiniyela abazimele be-VR basekuqaleni bazogqugquzelwa ukuthi badale izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ze-VR ukuze zizilande ezitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile, esikhundleni sezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahedisethi aphezulu. Lawa maphuzu amabili akhombisa ukukhula kokuqala kwe-VR kuzobuyela emuva ku-smartphone ubiquity. (Isibuyekezo: Ngo-Okthoba 2016, i-Google yakhulula i-Google Ukubuka kwe-Daydream, inguqulo ephezulu ye-Cardboard.)

I-VR ye-inthanethi. Ukwakhela phezu kwalokhu kukhula kwe-smartphone, i-VR izozuza futhi kuwebhu evulekile.

Njengamanje, abaholi be-VR abanjengo-Facebook, u-Sony, ne-Google bonke banethemba lokuthi abasebenzisi be-VR besikhathi esizayo bazothenga amahedisethi abo abiza kakhulu futhi basebenzise imali emidlalweni ye-VR nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela kumanethiwekhi abo. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu akuzuzisa kakhulu umsebenzisi ovamile we-VR. Cabanga ngakho—ukuze ufinyelele i-VR, uzodinga ukulanda futhi ufake uhlelo lokusebenza noma igeyimu; khona-ke uma ufuna ukwabelana ngalokho okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-VR nomunye umuntu, kuzodingeka wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi basebenzisa ihedisethi efanayo noma inethiwekhi ye-VR oyisebenzisayo.

Isixazululo esilula kakhulu ukuvele ugqoke ihedisethi yakho ye-VR, uxhume ku-inthanethi, uthayiphe i-URL elungiselelwe i-VR, bese ufaka ngokushesha umhlaba we-VR ngendlela efanayo ongafinyelela ngayo kuwebhusayithi. Ngale ndlela, ukuzizwisa kwakho kwe-VR ngeke kukhawulelwe ohlelweni lokusebenza olulodwa, uhlobo lwamahedisethi, noma umhlinzeki we-VR.

I-Mozilla, umthuthukisi weFirefox, isivele ithuthukisa lo mbono we-VR yewebhu evuliwe. Badedela i ekuqaleni WebVR API, kanye nomhlaba we-VR osekelwe kuwebhu ongakwazi ukuwuhlola ngehedisethi yakho ye-Google Cardboard mozvr.com.

Ukukhuphuka komqondo womuntu: I-Brain-computer interface

Kuyo yonke inkulumo yethu nge-VR nezinhlelo zayo eziningi zokusebenza, kunezimfanelo ezimbalwa mayelana nobuchwepheshe ezingalungiselela kahle isintu isimo sokugcina se-inthanethi (umdlalo wokugcina esiwushilo ekuqaleni).

Ukuze ungene emhlabeni we-VR, udinga ukukhululeka:

Ukugqoka ihedisethi, ikakhulukazi leyo evala ikhanda, izindlebe, namehlo akho;
Ukungena nokukhona emhlabeni obonakalayo;
Nokuxhumana nokuxhumana nabantu nemishini (maduze i-Artificial Intelligence) kusilungiselelo esibonakalayo.

Phakathi kuka-2018 no-2040, iphesenti elikhulu labantu lizobe lihlangabezane nokungena emhlabeni we-VR. Iphesenti elikhulu laleso sibalo sabantu (ikakhulukazi i-Generation Z kuya phambili) liyobe lihlangabezane ne-VR izikhathi ezanele ukuze lizizwe likhululeke ngokuphelele ekuzulazuleni ngaphakathi kwemihlaba ebonakalayo. Lokhu kududuza, lokhu kuzizwisa okubonakalayo, kuzovumela lesi sizwe ukuthi sizizwe siqiniseka ngokuzibandakanya nendlela entsha yokuxhumana, ezolungela ukwamukelwa okujwayelekile maphakathi nawo-2040s: I-Brain-Computer Interface (BCI).

Kuhlanganiswe wethu Ikusasa Lamakhompyutha uchungechunge, i-BCI ihilela ukusebenzisa okokufakelwa noma idivayisi yokuskena ubuchopho ukuze kuqashwe amaza obuchopho bakho futhi siwahlobanise nolimi/nemiyalo ukuze ulawule noma yini esebenza kukhompuyutha. Kulungile, i-BCI izokuvumela ukuthi ulawule imishini namakhompyutha kalula ngemicabango yakho.

Eqinisweni, kungenzeka awukaqapheli, kodwa izinsuku zokuqala ze-BCI seziqalile. Abanqanyuliwe manje ukuhlola izitho zerobhothi kulawulwa ingqondo ngokuqondile, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinzwa ezinamathele esiphunzini somuntu osigqokile. Ngokunjalo, abantu abakhubazeke kakhulu (njengama-quadriplegics) bakhona manje usebenzisa i-BCI ukuqondisa izihlalo zabo ezinamasondo ezinenjini futhi usebenzise izingalo zamarobhothi. Kodwa ukusiza abanqanyulwe isitho kanye nabantu abakhubazekile baphile izimpilo ezizimele akusilo izinga lalokho i-BCI ezokwazi ukukwenza. Hhayi ngeshothi elide. Nalu uhlu olufushane lokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo manje:

Ukulawula izinto. Abacwaningi babonise ngempumelelo ukuthi i-BCI ingavumela kanjani abasebenzisi ukulawula imisebenzi yasendlini (ukukhanyisa, amakhethini, izinga lokushisa), kanye nohlu lwamanye amadivaysi nezimoto. Buka a ividiyo yokubonisa.

Ukulawula izilwane. Ilebhu iqhube ngempumelelo ucwaningo lwe-BCI lapho umuntu ekwazile ukwenza a Lab rat unyakazisa umsila esebenzisa imicabango yakhe kuphela. Lokhu kungase ngolunye usuku kukuvumela ukuthi uxhumane nesilwane sakho.

Ubuchopho-kuya-umbhalo. Amaqembu ku US futhi Germany bakha uhlelo oluhlukanisa amaza obuchopho (imicabango) abe umbhalo. Ukuhlola kokuqala kuphumelele, futhi bathemba ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe ngeke busize umuntu ovamile nje kuphela kodwa futhi bunikeze abantu abanokukhubazeka okunzima (njengesazi sesayensi yemvelo esaziwayo, uStephen Hawking) ikhono lokuxhumana nomhlaba kalula.

Ubuchopho-kuya-ubuchopho. Ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lososayensi lakwazi ukulingisa i-telepathy. Umuntu oyedwa eNdiya wayalwa ukuba acabange igama elithi “sawubona.” I-BCI iguqule lelo gama lisuka kumagagasi obuchopho laya kukhodi kanambambili yase ilithumela nge-imeyili e-France, lapho ikhodi kanambambili yaguqulwa yabuyiselwa ekubeni amaza obuchopho ukuze ibonwe ngumuntu owamukelayo. Ukuxhumana kobuchopho nobuchopho, bantu!

Ukurekhoda amaphupho nezinkumbulo. Abacwaningi baseBerkeley, eCalifornia, benze intuthuko emangalisayo ekuguquleni amagagasi obuchopho abe yizithombe. Izihloko zokuhlolwa zethulwe ngochungechunge lwezithombe ngenkathi zixhunywe kuzinzwa ze-BCI. Lezo zithombe ezifanayo zabe zakhiwa kabusha esikrinini sekhompyutha. Izithombe ezakhiwe kabusha bezinezinhlamvu kakhulu kodwa zinikezwe cishe iminyaka eyishumi noma emibili yesikhathi sokuthuthuka, lobu bufakazi bomqondo ngelinye ilanga buyosivumela ukuthi silahle ikhamera yethu ye-GoPro noma siqophe amaphupho ethu.

Kodwa i-VR (ne-AR) ihlangana kanjani ne-BCI? Kungani uzihlanganisa zibe isihloko esifanayo?

Ukwabelana ngemicabango, ukwabelana ngamaphupho, ukwabelana ngemizwa

Ukukhula kwe-BCI kuzohamba kancane ekuqaleni kodwa kuzolandela ukukhula okufanayo kwemithombo yezokuxhumana eyayijatshulelwa ngeminyaka yawo-2000. Nalu uhlaka lokuthi lokhu kungase kubukeke kanjani:

Ekuqaleni, amahedisethi e-BCI azothengeka kuphela kwabambalwa, into entsha yabacebile nabaxhumene kahle abazoyikhangisa ngenkuthalo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, basebenze njengabaqambi bokuqala nabanamandla, besabalalisa ukubaluleka kwayo kubantu abaningi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahedisethi e-BCI azothengeka ngokwanele ukuze iningi lomphakathi liwazame, okungenzeka kube yisikhathi samaholide okumele uthenge igajethi.
Ihedisethi izozizwa ifana kakhulu nehedisethi ye-VR wonke umuntu akhule ayijwayele. Amamodeli asekuqaleni azovumela abagqoki be-BCI ukuthi baxhumane bodwa ngocingo, ukuze baxhumane ngendlela ejulile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izithiyo zolimi. Lawa mamodeli asekuqaleni azokwazi futhi ukurekhoda imicabango, izinkumbulo, amaphupho, futhi ekugcineni ngisho nemizwa eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ithrafikhi yewebhu izoqhuma njengoba abantu beqala ukwabelana ngemicabango yabo, izinkumbulo, amaphupho, nemizwa phakathi komndeni, abangani, nezithandani.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-BCI izoba yindlela entsha yokuxhumana ethi ngandlela thize ithuthuke noma ithathe indawo yenkulumo yendabuko (efana nokukhuphuka kwezithonjana nama-memes namuhla). Abasebenzisi be-BCI abakhuthele (okungenzeka isizukulwane esincane kakhulu sangaleso sikhathi) bazoqala esikhundleni senkulumo evamile ngokwabelana ngezinkumbulo, izithombe ezigcwele imizwa, nezithombe nezingathekiso ezakhiwe ngemicabango. (Eqinisweni, zicabange esikhundleni sokuthi usho amagama athi “ngiyakuthanda,” ungakwazi ukuletha lowo mlayezo ngokwabelana ngomzwelo wakho, oxutshwe nezithombe ezimele uthando lwakho.) Lokhu kumelela indlela yokuxhumana ejulile, engase inembe kakhudlwana, futhi eyiqiniso kakhulu. uma kuqhathaniswa nenkulumo namagama esithembele kuwo iminyaka eyinkulungwane.
Osomabhizinisi bazosebenzisa lolu guquko lwezokuxhumana. Osomabhizinisi be-Software bazokhiqiza inkundla yezokuxhumana entsha kanye nezinkundla zokubhuloga ezisebenza ngokwabelana ngemicabango, izinkumbulo, amaphupho, kanye nemizwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezingapheli ze-niches. Bazodala izindlela ezintsha zokusakaza lapho ukuzijabulisa nezindaba kwabelwana khona ngokuqondile emicabangweni yabasebenzisi abazimisele, kanye namasevisi okukhangisa aqondise izikhangiso ezisekelwe emicabangweni yakho yamanje kanye nemizwa. Ukuqinisekiswa okunamandla okucatshangelwa, ukwabelana ngamafayela, isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu, nokunye kuzoqhakaza kubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwe-BCI.
Ngaleso sikhathi, osomabhizinisi bezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha bazokhiqiza imikhiqizo enikwe amandla i-BCI nezindawo zokuhlala ukuze umhlaba ophathekayo ulandele imiyalo yomsebenzisi we-BCI. Njengoba ungase ucabange, lokhu kuzoba isandiso se- Inthanethi Things sixoxile ekuqaleni kulolu chungechunge.
Ukuhlanganisa la maqembu amabili kuzoba osomabhizinisi abasebenza ngokukhethekile kwi-AR ne-VR. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-BCI ezingilazini ezikhona ze-AR namalensi oxhumana naye kuzokwenza i-AR ibe lula kakhulu, kwenze impilo yakho yangempela ibe lula futhi ingabi nazihibe—ingasaphathwa eyokuthuthukisa ubuqiniso bomlingo obujatshulelwa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-AR zokuzijabulisa.
Ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-BCI ku-VR kungase kujule nakakhulu, njengoba kuzovumela noma yimuphi umsebenzisi we-BCI ukuthi azakhele owabo umhlaba ngokuthanda kwakhe—ofana ne-movie. Inception, lapho uvuka ephusheni lakho futhi uthole ukuthi ungakwazi ukugoba okungokoqobo futhi wenze noma yini oyifunayo. Ukuhlanganisa i-BCI ne-VR kuzovumela abantu ukuthi bathole ubunikazi obuningi phezu kokuhlangenwe nakho okubonakalayo abahlala kuzo ngokudala imihlaba engokoqobo ekhiqizwe ngenhlanganisela yezinkumbulo zabo, imicabango, nemicabango. Le mihlaba kuzoba lula ukwabelana nabanye, yebo, okungeza esimweni esizayo sokulutha se-VR.

Ingqondo yomhlaba wonke

Futhi manje sifika esimweni sokugcina se-intanethi-ukuphela komdlalo wayo, ngokuphathelene nabantu (khumbula lawo mazwi esahlukweni esilandelayo kulolu chungechunge). Njengoba abantu abaningi beqala ukusebenzisa i-BCI ne-VR ukuze baxhumane ngokujulile nokudala imihlaba ewumbukwane enemininingwane, ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi kuvele amaphrothokholi e-inthanethi amasha ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-inthanethi ne-VR.

Njengoba i-BCI isebenza ngokuhumusha umcabango kudatha, imicabango yabantu nedatha ngokwemvelo kuzoshintshashintsha. Ngeke kusadingeka ukuthi kube nokuhlukana phakathi komqondo womuntu ne-Internet.

Ngalesi sikhathi (cishe ngo-2060), abantu ngeke besawadinga amahedisethi anemininingwane ukuze basebenzise i-BCI noma bangene emhlabeni we-VR, abaningi bazokhetha ukuthi lobo buchwepheshe bufakwe ebuchosheni babo. Lokhu kuzokwenza i-telepathy ingabi namthungo futhi ivumele abantu ukuthi bangene emhlabeni wabo we-VR ngokuvala amehlo abo. (Ama-implants anjalo-mhlawumbe i-innovation esekelwe nxazonke nanotechnology-kuzokuvumela futhi ukuthi ufinyelele ulwazi olugcwele olugcinwe kuwebhu ngokungenantambo.)

Ngenxa yalezi zifakelo, abantu bazoqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kulokho esizokubiza manje i-metaverse, njengoba belele. Futhi kungani bengakwenzi? Le ndawo ebonakalayo izoba lapho ufinyelela khona ukuzijabulisa kwakho okuningi futhi uxhumane nabangane bakho nomndeni, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala kude nawe. Uma usebenza noma uya esikoleni ukude, isikhathi sakho ku-metaverse singakhula sibe amahora ayi-10-12 ngosuku.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, abanye abantu bangase bafinyelele eqophelweni lokuyobhalisa ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zokulala, lapho bekhokha khona ukuze bahlale endaweni eyi-pod yesitayela se-Matrix enakekela izidingo zemizimba yabo isikhathi eside—amasonto, izinyanga, ekugcineni iminyaka, noma yini esemthethweni ngaleso sikhathi—ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala kule metaverse 24/7. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale ngokweqisa, kodwa kulabo abanquma ukulibazisa noma ukwenqaba ukuba umzali, ukuhlala isikhathi eside esimweni esibucayi kungase kube umqondo wezomnotho.

Ngokuhlala, ukusebenza, nokulala endaweni ezungezile, ungagwema izindleko zokuphila ezivamile zerenti, izinsiza, ezokuthutha, ukudla, njll., esikhundleni salokho ukhokhele kuphela ukuqasha isikhathi endaweni encane yokulala. Ngokwezinga lomphakathi, ukulala kwezigaba ezinkulu zabantu kungase kunciphise ubunzima emikhakheni yezindlu, amandla, ukudla, nezokuhamba—ikakhulukazi njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni landa licishe lifinyelele. I-10 billion ngo-2060.

Ngenkathi kubhekiselwa ku-movie ye-Matrix kungenza leli kusasa lizwakale njengelibi, iqiniso liwukuthi abantu, hhayi u-Agent Smith, bazobusa inhlanganisela ye-metaverse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba umhlaba wedijithali ocebile futhi ohlukahlukene njengemicabango ehlangene yezigidigidi zabantu abaxhumana nayo. Empeleni, kuzoba izulu ledijithali Emhlabeni, indawo lapho lokho esikufunayo, amaphupho, namathemba ethu kungafezeka khona.

Kodwa njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ucabangele imikhondo engiyishilo ngenhla, abantu ngeke kube bodwa abazokwabelana ngale metaverse, hhayi ngokudubula okude.