Amaphoyisa azenzakalelayo ngaphakathi kwesimo sokugada: Ikusasa lamaphoyisa P2

Izinkulungwane zeminyaka, ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kwakwenziwa amasosha angabantu nezikhulu, ephoqelela ukuthula phakathi kwamalungu amadolobhana, amadolobhana, bese kuba amadolobha. Nokho, la maphoyisa ayengeke aze abe yonke indawo, futhi awakwazi ukuvikela wonke umuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, ubugebengu nobudlova kwaba yingxenye evamile yokuphila kwabantu ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba.

Kodwa emashumini eminyaka ezayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha buzokwenza amasosha ethu abone yonke into futhi abe yonke indawo. Ukubona ubugebengu, ukubamba izigebengu, isinkwa nebhotela lomsebenzi wamaphoyisa kuzophepheka, kusheshe, futhi kusebenze kahle ngokwengxenye enkulu ngenxa yosizo lwamehlo okwenziwa nezingqondo zokwenziwa. 

Ubugebengu obuncane. Udlame oluncane. Kungenzeka kube yini inkinga yaleli zwe eliqhubeka lilondeka?  

Ukuhamba kancane kubheke esimweni sokugadwa

Uma ufuna amazwibela ekusasa lokugadwa kwamaphoyisa, umuntu akumele abheke kude kune-United Kingdom. Ngokulinganiselwa 5.9 abayizigidi ezingu Amakhamera e-CCTV, i-UK isibe yizwe elibhekwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Nokho, abagxeki balolu hlelo lokugada bavame ukuphawula ukuthi wonke la mehlo asebenza ngogesi awasizi ngalutho ekuvimbeleni ubugebengu, ingasaphathwa eyokubopha. Kungani? Ngoba inethiwekhi yamanje ye-CCTV yase-UK iqukethe amakhamera okuvikela 'ayizithulu' avele aqoqe ukusakazwa okungapheli kwezithombe zevidiyo. Ezimweni eziningi, uhlelo lusancike kubahlaziyi abangabantu ukuthi bahlunge yonke leyo vidiyo, baxhumanise amachashazi, bathole izigebengu futhi bazixhumanise nobugebengu.

Njengoba umuntu engacabanga, lolu xhaxha lwamakhamera, kanye nenani lezisebenzi ezidingekayo ukuze liwaqaphe, kuyizindleko ezinkulu. Futhi amashumi eminyaka, yilezi zindleko ezibeke umkhawulo ekutholweni okubanzi kwe-CCTV yesitayela sase-UK emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, njengoba kuhlale kubonakala kunjalo kulezi zinsuku, intuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe yehlisa amanani entengo futhi ikhuthaza iminyango yamaphoyisa kanye nomasipala emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bacabangele kabusha isimo sabo sokugadwa okubanzi. 

Ubuchwepheshe bokugada obusafufusa

Ake siqale ngokusobala: amakhamera e-CCTV (ezokuphepha). Ngo-2025, ubuchwepheshe obusha bekhamera nesofthiwe yevidiyo eqhubekayo namuhla izokwenza amakhamera e-CCTV akusasa abe nokwazi konke.

Kusukela ngesithelo esilengayo esiphansi, minyaka yonke, amakhamera e-CCTV aba mancane, amelana nesimo sezulu, futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Bathatha izithombe zevidiyo ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ngamafomethi wevidiyo ahlukahlukene. Angaxhunywa kunethiwekhi ye-CCTV ngaphandle kwentambo, futhi ukuthuthuka kubuchwepheshe bephaneli yelanga kusho ukuthi angakwazi ukuzenzela amandla. 

Uma kuhlanganiswe, lezi ntuthuko zenza amakhamera e-CCTV athandeke kakhulu ukuze asetshenziswe umphakathi kanye nangasese, akhulise umthamo wawo wokuthengisa, anciphise izindleko zeyunithi ngayinye, futhi adale impendulo enhle ezobona ukufakwa kwamakhamera e-CCTV engeziwe kuzo zonke izindawo ezinabantu abaningi unyaka nonyaka. .

Ngo-2025, amakhamera e-CCTV ajwayelekile azoba nesixazululo esanele sokufunda irises yabantu 40 amamitha kude, ukwenza amapuleti okufunda ngobuningi bemidlalo yezingane. Futhi ngo-2030, bazokwazi ukubona ukudlidliza ngezinga elingakanani abangalikwazi yakha kabusha inkulumo ngengilazi evimbela umsindo.

Futhi singakhohlwa ukuthi lawa makhamera ngeke avele anamathiselwe emakhoneni osilingi noma emaceleni ezakhiwo, azophinde abe nokuduma ngaphezu kophahla. Amaphoyisa nezindiza zezokuphepha nazo zizoba yinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ngo-2025, zisetshenziselwe ukugada kude ezindaweni ezibucayi zobugebengu futhi zinikeze iminyango yamaphoyisa umbono wesikhathi sangempela wedolobha—into ewusizo kakhulu ezigamekweni zokujaha izimoto. Lawa ma-drones azophinde afakwe izinzwa ezihlukahlukene ezikhethekile, njengamakhamera we-thermographic ukuze abone ukukhula kwamabhodwe ezindaweni zokuhlala noma uhlelo lwama-lasers nezinzwa thola izimboni ezikhiqiza amabhomu ezingekho emthethweni.

Ekugcineni, lezi ntuthuko zezobuchwepheshe zizonikeza iminyango yamaphoyisa amathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okuthola izenzo zobugebengu, kodwa lena ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yendaba. Iminyango yamaphoyisa ngeke isebenze kahle ngokusatshalaliswa kwamakhamera eCCTV kuphela; esikhundleni salokho, amaphoyisa azophendukela eSilicon Valley kanye namasosha ukuze abe namanethiwekhi awo okuqapha anikwe amandla idatha enkulu kanye nobuhlakani bokufakelwa (AI). 

Idatha enkulu nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ngemuva kobuchwepheshe bokuqapha bakusasa

Uma sibuyela esibonelweni sethu sase-UK, izwe njengamanje lisohlelweni lokwenza amakhamera abo 'ayisimungulu' 'ahlakaniphe' ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-AI enamandla. Lolu hlelo izohlunga ngokuzenzakalelayo zonke izithombe ezirekhodiwe nezisakazwayo ze-CCTV (idatha enkulu) ukuze ihlonze umsebenzi osolisayo nobuso obunamarekhodi obugebengu. I-Scotland Yard izophinde isebenzise lesi simiso ukuze ilandelele ukunyakaza kwezigebengu emadolobheni amaningi naphakathi kwamadolobha kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihamba ngezinyawo, ngemoto, noma ngesitimela. 

Okuboniswa yilesi sibonelo ikusasa lapho idatha enkulu kanye ne-AI kuzoqala ukudlala indima evelele endleleni iminyango yamaphoyisa esebenza ngayo.

Ikakhulukazi, ukusebenzisa idatha enkulu kanye ne-AI kuzovumela ukusetshenziswa kwedolobha lonke kokuqashelwa kobuso okuthuthukisiwe. Lobu ubuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo kumakhamera e-CCTV edolobha lonke azovumela maduze ukukhonjwa kwesikhathi sangempela kwabantu abathwetshulwe kunoma iyiphi ikhamera—isici esizokwenza kube lula ukuxazululwa kwabantu abalahlekile, ababaleki, kanye nezinhlelo zokulandelela umsolwa. Ngamanye amazwi, akulona nje ithuluzi elingenabungozi elisetshenziswa i-Facebook ukukumaka ezithombeni.

Lapho sekuvunyelaniswe ngokugcwele, i-CCTV, idatha enkulu, kanye ne-AI ekugcineni kuzonikeza uhlobo olusha lwamaphoyisa.

Ukugcinwa komthetho okuzenzakalelayo

Namuhla, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu abaningi ngokusebenza komthetho okuzenzakalelayo kukhawulelwe kumakhamera omgwaqo athatha isithombe sakho ujabulela umgwaqo ovulekile esibuye sithunyelwe kuwena eduze kwethikithi lejubane. Kodwa amakhamera omgwaqo aklwebha kuphela lokho okuzokwenzeka maduze. Eqinisweni, izigebengu zakusasa zizogcina sezesaba kakhulu amarobhothi kanye ne-AI kunamaphoyisa angabantu. 

Cabangela lesi simo: 

• Amakhamera amancane e-CCTV afakwa kuyo yonke isibonelo idolobha noma idolobhana.
• Ividiyo ethathwe lawa makhamera yabelwa ngesikhathi sangempela nekhompuyutha enkulu engaphakathi komnyango wamaphoyisa wendawo noma esakhiweni sikasherifu.
• Usuku lonke, le khompuyutha enkulu izonaka bonke ubuso nezinombolo zezinombolo ezithathwa amakhamera esidlangalaleni. I-supercomputer izophinda ihlaziye umsebenzi womuntu osolisayo noma ukusebenzisana, njengokushiya isikhwama singagadiwe, ukuzulazula, noma lapho umuntu ezungeza ibhulokhi izikhathi ezingu-20 noma ezingu-30. Qaphela ukuthi lawa makhamera azorekhoda umsindo, okuwavumela ukuthi athole futhi athole umthombo wanoma imuphi umsindo wesibhamu awubhalisayo.
• Le methadatha (idatha enkulu) ibe isibelwa nesistimu ye-AI yamaphoyisa esezingeni lesifundazwe noma yenhlangano efwini eqhathanisa le methadatha nesizindalwazi samaphoyisa sezigebengu, impahla yobugebengu, namaphethini aziwayo obugebengu.
• Uma le AI emaphakathi ithola okufanayo—ukuthi ihlonze umuntu onerekhodi lobugebengu noma incwadi egunyaza ukusebenza, imoto eyebiwe noma imoto okusolwa ukuthi ngeyobugebengu obuhleliwe, ngisho nochungechunge olusolisayo lwemihlangano yomuntu nomuntu noma ukutholwa. wokulwa ngesibhakela—leyo midlalo izoqondiswa ophenyweni lomnyango wamaphoyisa kanye namahhovisi okuthumela ukuze ayobuyekezwa.
• Lapho kubuyekezwa izikhulu ezingabantu, uma umdlalo uthathwa njengomsebenzi ongekho emthethweni noma nje kuwudaba oluzophenywa, amaphoyisa azothunyelwa ukuthi angenele noma aphenye.
• Ukusuka lapho, i-AI izozitholela ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphoyisa aseduze asemsebenzini (isitayela sika-Uber), ibike udaba kuwo (isitayela se-Siri), iwaqondise ebugebengwini noma ekuziphatheni okusolisayo (i-Google amamephu) bese iwayalela okungcono kakhulu. indlela yokuxazulula isimo.
• Kungenjalo, i-AI ingayalwa ukuthi imane igade umsebenzi osolisayo ngokuqhubekayo, lapho izolandelela khona umsolwa noma imoto kulo lonke idolobha ngaphandle kwalowo msolwa nokwazi. I-AI izothumela izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile ephoyiseni eliqaphe icala kuze kube liyalelwa ukuthi lime phansi noma liqalise ukungenelela okuchazwe ngenhla. 

Lonke lolu chungechunge lwezenzo ngolunye usuku luzosebenza ngokushesha kunesikhathi osanda kusichitha ulufunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzokwenza ukuthi ukuboshwa kuphephe kakhulu kubo bonke abahililekile, njengoba le AI yamaphoyisa izokwazisa izikhulu mayelana nesimo endleleni eya endaweni yesigameko, futhi yabelane ngemininingwane ngesizinda somsolwa (okuhlanganisa nomlando wobugebengu kanye nokuthambekela kobudlova) i-CCTV yesibili. ikhamera ivikele i-ID enembile yokubonwa kobuso.

Kodwa ngenkathi sisendabeni, ake sithathe lo mqondo ozenzakalelayo wokugcinwa komthetho isinyathelo esisodwa siye phambili—kulokhu sethula ama-drones ekuxubeni.

Cabangela lesi simo: 

• Esikhundleni sokufaka izinkulungwane zamakhamera e-CCTV, umnyango wamaphoyisa okukhulunywa ngawo uthatha isinqumo sokutshala imali ebhukwini lama-drones, inqwaba kuya kwamakhulu, azoqoqa ukugadwa kwendawo yonke yedolobha lonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisa izikhotha kulo masipala.
• I-AI yamaphoyisa izobe isisebenzisa lawa ma-drones ukulandelela abasolwa kulo lonke idolobha futhi (ezimeni eziphuthumayo lapho iphoyisa labantu eliseduze likude kakhulu) liqondise lawa ma-drones ukuba ajahe futhi athobe abasolwa ngaphambi kokuba badale noma yikuphi ukulimala kwempahla noma ukulimala okubi ngokomzimba.
• Kulokhu, ama-drones azohlonywa ngama-tasers nezinye izikhali ezingabulali-isici eseyahlolwa.
• Futhi uma ufaka izimoto zamaphoyisa ezizishayelayo ekuxubeni ukuze zithathe i-perp, khona-ke lawa ma-drones angase aqedele ukuboshwa ngaphandle kwephoyisa elilodwa elingumuntu elihilelekile.

Sekukonke, le nethiwekhi yokuqapha enikwe amandla yi-AI maduze izoba izinga iminyango yamaphoyisa emhlabeni wonke ezolisebenzisa ukuze iphoyise omasipala bayo bendawo. Izinzuzo zalolu shintsho zihlanganisa ukuvimbela ubugebengu ezindaweni zomphakathi, ukusatshalaliswa ngempumelelo kwamaphoyisa ezindaweni ezivame ubugebengu, isikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo ukuze kuphazamiseke izenzo zobugebengu, kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokubanjwa kanye nokugwetshwa. Kodwa nokho, kuzo zonke izinzuzo zayo, le nethiwekhi yokugada nakanjani izongena kokuningi kunesabelo sayo esifanelekile sabaphikisi. 

Izinkathazo zobumfihlo ngaphakathi kwesimo sokugadwa kwamaphoyisa esizayo

Ikusasa lokugadwa kwamaphoyisa esibheke kulo liyikusasa lapho idolobha ngalinye limbozwe izinkulungwane zamakhamera e-CCTV usuku ngalunye oluzothatha izinkulungwane zamahora ukusakaza ividiyo, ama-petabytes edatha. Leli zinga lokuqapha kukahulumeni liyobe lingakaze libonwe emlandweni wesintu. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kunezishoshovu zenkululeko yomphakathi ezithintekayo. 

Njengoba inani nekhwalithi yamathuluzi okugada nawokuhlonza atholakala ngezintengo ezincipha minyaka yonke, iminyango yamaphoyisa izogqugquzelwa ngokungaqondile ukuthi iqoqe uhla olubanzi lwedatha ye-biometric emayelana nezakhamuzi ezinikezayo—i-DNA, amasampula ezwi, imidwebo yokudweba imifanekiso, imidwebo yokuhamba ngezinyawo, konke lokhu okuhlukahlukene. izinhlobo zokuhlonza zizofakwa ngesandla (futhi kwezinye izimo, ngokuzenzakalela) zifakwe kukhathalogi ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo ezinganqunyiwe.

Ekugcineni, ingcindezi yabavoti edumile izobona kuphasiswa umthetho oqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho imethadatha yomsebenzi wabo osemthethweni osemthethweni egcinwa kumakhompyutha kahulumeni unomphela. Nakuba kunqatshelwe ekuqaleni, ithegi yentengo yokugcina amanani amakhulu futhi akhuphukayo emethadatha eqoqwe yilawa manethiwekhi ahlakaniphile e-CCTV izothola lo mthetho ovimbelayo uphasiswe ngezizathu zobuhlakani bezezimali.

Izindawo zasemadolobheni eziphephile

Uma sithatha umbono omude, inqubekelaphambili ebheke emaphoyiseni azenzakalelayo, okunikwa amandla ukukhuphuka kwalesi simo sokugadwa, ekugcineni kuzokwenza ukuthi ukuhlala emadolobheni kuphephe, ngaso leso sikhathi lapho isintu sigxile ezikhungweni zasemadolobheni kunanini ngaphambili (funda kabanzi ngalokhu kwethi yethu Ikusasa Lamadolobha uchungechunge).

Edolobheni lapho kungekho khona umgwaqo ongemuva ocashile kumakhamera we-CCTV nama-drones, isigebengu esivamile sizophoqeleka ukuthi sicabange kabili ngokuthi senza ubugebengu kuphi, kanjani futhi kubani. Lobu bunzima obengeziwe buzogcina senyuse izindleko zobugebengu, okungase kuguqule ukubala kwengqondo kuze kufike ezingeni lapho izigebengu ezisezingeni eliphansi zizokubona kunenzuzo enkulu ukuzuza imali kunokuyeba.

Ngokufanayo, ukuba ne-AI ebheka ngemuva kokuqapha okuqoshiwe kwezokuphepha kanye nokwazisa iziphathimandla ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kwenzeka umsebenzi osolisayo kuzokwehlisa izindleko zezinsizakalo zokuphepha sezizonke. Lokhu kuzoholela ezikhukhuleni zabanikazi bezindlu zokuhlala kanye nezakhiwo ezithatha lezi zinsizakalo, kokubili ekupheleni okuphansi naphezulu.

Ekugcineni, impilo emphakathini izoba ephephile ngokomzimba kulezo zindawo zasemadolobheni ezingakwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokugada kanye nezinhlelo zamaphoyisa ezizenzakalelayo. Futhi njengoba lezi zinhlelo zishibhile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi iningi lizokwazi.

Uhlangothi olungaphenduki lwalesi sithombe esimnandi ukuthi kulezo zindawo lapho izigebengu ziminyene khona, ezinye izindawo/izindawo ezivikeleke kakhulu ziba sengcupheni yokwanda kobugebengu. Futhi uma izigebengu ziminyene emhlabeni wenyama, abahlakaniphe kakhulu nabahleleke kakhulu bazohlasela umhlaba wethu we-cyber. Funda kabanzi esahlukweni sesithathu sochungechunge lwethu Lwekusasa Lamaphoyisa ngezansi.

Ikusasa lochungechunge lwamaphoyisa

Amasosha noma akhiphe izikhali? Ukuguqula amaphoyisa ekhulwini lama-21: Ikusasa lamaphoyisa P1

Amaphoyisa e-AI achitha i-cyber underworld: Ikusasa lamaphoyisa P3

Ukubikezela ubugebengu ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke: Ikusasa lamaphoyisa P4