I-Neuromorphic chip: I-Computing's cerebral leap

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 8, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Neuromorphic computing ilingisa amakhono obuchopho okucubungula kahle, athembisa ukonga amandla okubalulekile kanye nekusasa elisimeme lekhompyutha. Le ndlela ihlose ukujulisa ukuqonda kwethu ubuchopho futhi kugqugquzelwe ukusungulwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), okungase kumise kabusha izimboni ezahlukahlukene nezinkambiso zomphakathi. Ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngentuthuko enkulu kumandla wekhompuyutha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI, ama-neuromorphic chips nawo aletha izinselele kubumfihlo, ukuphepha, kanye nesidingo sezinhlaka zokulawula ezibuyekeziwe ukuze uzulazule ngesivinini esisheshayo sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe.

I-Neuromorphic chip umongo

I-Neuromorphic computing ihlose ukulingisa i-neural architecture yobuchopho isebenzisa i-hardware ebonisa ama-neurons nama-synapses, inikeza enye indlela ethembisayo ezindleleni zekhompuyutha ezivamile. Ucwaningo oluvela ku-TU Graz ne-Intel Labs lubonise ukuthi i-neuromorphic hardware, njenge-Intel Loihi research chip, ingacubungula idatha kuyilapho idla amandla amancane kakhulu kunezinhlelo zekhompuyutha zendabuko. Lesi sici sigqugquzelwa ukusebenza kahle okumangalisayo kobuchopho bomuntu, obucubungula ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqhathaniswa namalambu okukhanyisa. Lokhu kweqa ekusebenzeni kahle kuhambisana nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo ezisimeme zekhompiyutha emikhakheni eyahlukene.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Human Brain Project, isinyathelo esikhulu socwaningo sase-Europe esibandakanya ososayensi abangaphezu kuka-500, ifunda ama-neuromorphic chips ukuze ithole ukuqonda okuphelele kobuchopho. Bahlela ukuthuthukisa nokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, idatha, namathuluzi kuzo zonke izikali, kusukela kuzakhi zofuzo kuya ekuqondeni. Ububanzi bephrojekthi bukhulu, buhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zekhompiyutha eziphefumulelwe ubuchopho kanye nokuhlangana komshini wobuchopho, okungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhompuyutha, i-AI, kanye nokwelashwa kwenoveli kwezinkinga zemizwa.

Ama-Neuromorphic processors angeqa imikhawulo ebekwe umthetho kaMoore (amandla ekhompiyutha nokusebenza kahle kungakhula ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi). Ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwawo amandla aphansi, abalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zekhompuyutha, njengezimoto ezizimele, ama-drones, nobuchwepheshe obugqokekayo. Ukwengeza, amakhompyutha we-neuromorphic asethelwe ukuthuthukisa amadivaysi ekhompyutha yomuntu siqu njengama-accelerator we-AI nama-co-processors, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ahlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zekhompiyutha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu,

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ama-neuromorphic chips angase aholele kumadivayisi ekhompuyutha yomuntu siqu anamandla, anike amandla ukukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe, izici zomsizi womuntu siqu eziyinkimbinkimbi, nokuzizwisa kokuzijabulisa okugxilile. Kodwa-ke, ubunkimbinkimbi namandla alawa madivayisi nawo aphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nobumfihlo nokuvikeleka kwedatha, njengoba ulwazi lomuntu siqu oluningi lucutshungulwa futhi lugcinwe kuwo. Ukwengeza, ukuhlukana kwedijithali kungase kunwebe njengoba labo abangakwazi ukuthenga noma ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe bamuva besalela kakhulu ekufinyeleleni kolwazi nasekufundeni kwedijithali.

Amabhizinisi angase asebenzise izibalo ezithuthukile, i-AI, nokufunda komshini ukuze athole imininingwane, athuthukise ukusebenza, futhi adale ukuzizwisa komuntu siqu kwamakhasimende. Kodwa-ke, baphinde babhekane nezinselelo zokuhambisana nesivinini sokushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuvikela impahla yengqondo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka ku-inthanethi kwezinhlelo ezixhumene kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani kungase kudingeke ukuthi zicabangele kabusha amasu kanye nokusebenza kwazo ukuze zihlale zincintisana endaweni lapho intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ishintsha ngokushesha ukuguquguquka kwemakethe kanye nokulindelwe ngabathengi.

Ohulumeni badlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni umthelela walezi zinhlayiya ngokusebenzisa inqubomgomo nokulawula. Bangase badinge ukutshala imali kwezemfundo nengqalasizinda ukuze basekele ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe futhi banciphise imiphumela emibi ekuqashweni nasekulinganeni komphakathi. Izinqubomgomo nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuzoba okubalulekile ekulawuleni imiphumela yobuchwepheshe ekuvikelekeni komhlaba wonke, ukuncintisana kwezomnotho, nokusimama kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, isivinini esisheshayo soshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe sidala izinselelo zezinhlaka zokulawula, ezingase zibe nzima ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuqanjwa okusha noma ukwehluleka ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okuvelayo kwesimilo nezenhlalo.

Imithelela ye-neuromorphic chip

Imithelela ebanzi ye-neuromorphic chip ingafaka: 

• Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe kumadivayisi ekhompuyutha, kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezikhungo zedatha nezinto zikagesi zomuntu siqu.
• Ukusheshisa ucwaningo lwe-AI, okuvumela ukuxilonga okunembe kakhudlwana nokufike ngesikhathi.
• Ukushintsha kwamaphethini okuqashwa, nesidingo esikhulayo semisebenzi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-neuromorphic chip kanye nokwehla kwezindima zekhompuyutha ezivamile.
• Ukwethulwa kwamarobhothi ahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi azimele emsebenzini, ashintsha izimakethe zabasebenzi kanye namandla okusebenza ezindaweni zokusebenza.
• Ukufinyeleleka okuthuthukile kwamakhono ekhompiyutha athuthukile, okungenzeka kunciphise ukuhlukana kwedijithali kwezemfundo kanye nokufinyelela olwazini.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yedolobha ehlakaniphile, esabela kangcono, ukuthuthukisa izimo zokuhlala zasemadolobheni kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsiza.
• Ohulumeni ababuyekeza amasu okuphepha kuzwelonke ukuze babhekane namakhono athuthukisiwe wezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-neuromorphic ekuqapheni nasekuvikelekeni kwe-cybersecurity.
• Ukwanda kwesidingo samashiphu e-neuromorphic, okuthonya amaketanga okuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke kanye namasu okukhiqiza ama-semiconductor.
• Izingozi zobumfihlo zomuntu siqu ezithuthukisiwe ngenxa yamakhono athuthukile wokucubungula idatha wamadivayisi e-neuromorphic, okudala ukubiza kwezinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela idatha.
• Amashifu ebuholini bezobuchwepheshe bomhlaba wonke, amazwe atshala imali ocwaningweni lwe-neuromorphic azuza umkhawulo wokuncintisana kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqamba izinto ezintsha.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• I-neuromorphic computing ingashintsha kanjani indlela osebenzisana ngayo namadivayisi akho?
• Yiziphi izinzuzo zemvelo idolobha lakho elingazithola ngokwamukela ubuchwepheshe be-neuromorphic engqalasizinda yalo?