Ukuzenzakalela kwabasebenzi: Izisebenzi ezingabantu zingahlala kanjani zibalulekile?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 6, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Automation ishintsha amandla emakethe yezabasebenzi, ngemishini ethatha imisebenzi evamile, ngaleyo ndlela icindezela zombili izikhungo zemfundo nabasebenzi ukuthi bazivumelanise nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ijubane elisheshayo lokuzenzakalelayo, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yamarobhothi nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, lingaholela ekususweni kwezisebenzi okubalulekile, kubangele isidingo semfundo ethuthukisiwe nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziklanyelwe imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo. Nakuba lolu shintsho luletha izinselele, ezinjengokungalingani kwamaholo kanye nokususwa kwemisebenzi, luphinde luvule iminyango yokwenziwa ngcono kwebhalansi yokuphila komsebenzi, amathuba amasha emisebenzi emikhakheni ye-tech-centric, kanye nethuba labasebenzi abasatshalaliswa ngokwezindawo.

Ukuzenzakalela komongo wabasebenzi

Ukuzenzakalela sekungamakhulu eminyaka kwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kusanda kuphela lapho imishini isiqalile ukuvala izisebenzi ezingabantu ngezinga elikhulu ngenxa yentuthuko yamarobhothi nobuchwepheshe besoftware. NgokweWorld Economic Forum (WEF), ngo-2025, kuzolahleka imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingama-85 emhlabeni wonke emabhizinisini aphakathi nendawo nezinkulu ezimbonini eziyi-15 nasemazweni angama-26 ngenxa yemishini ezenzakalelayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa okusha kwemisebenzi phakathi kwabantu nemishini.

“I-automation entsha” yamashumi eminyaka ambalwa ezayo—ezoba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kumarobhothi kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI)—izonweba izinhlobo zemisebenzi nobungcweti obungenziwa yimishini. Kungaholela ekususweni kwabasebenzi abaningi kakhulu kanye nokungalingani kunasezizukulwaneni ezedlule zokuzenzakalela. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu kwabathweswe iziqu ekolishi kanye nochwepheshe kunangaphambili. Eqinisweni, ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa buzobona izigidi zemisebenzi iphazamiseka futhi izenzekela ngokwengxenye noma ngokugcwele, okuhlanganisa abashayeli bezimoto nabasebenzi abadayisayo, kanye naleyo yabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, abameli, ababaleki, nochwepheshe bezezimali. 

Amasu amasha kwezemfundo nokuqeqesha, ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi ngabaqashi, kanye nezithasiselo zamaholo abasebenzi konke kuzothuthukiswa yilabo ababambiqhaza babo. Isithiyo esikhulu kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ububanzi nezinga lemfundo nokuqeqeshwa ukuze kuhambisane ne-AI. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuxhumana, amakhono okuhlaziya ayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Izikole ze-K-12 kanye ne-postsecondary kumele ziguqule ikharikhulamu yazo ukuze zenze kanjalo. Noma kunjalo, abasebenzi, ngokuvamile, bayakujabulela ukunikeza imisebenzi yabo ephindaphindayo ku-AI. Ngokocwaningo luka-Gartner lwango-2021, amaphesenti angama-70 abasebenzi base-US bazimisele ukusebenzisana ne-AI, ikakhulukazi ekucutshungulweni kwedatha nemisebenzi yedijithali.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

I-wave transformative of automation ayisona isimo esifiphele ngokuphelele. Kunobufakazi obuningi obuphakamisa ukuthi abasebenzi banamandla okuzivumelanisa nalesi sikhathi esisha sokuzenzakalela. Izimo ezingokomlando zokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe azizange zifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okusabalele, okubonisa izinga elithile lokuqina kwabasebenzi nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi abaningi abaxoshwa ngenxa yemishini ezenzakalelayo bavame ukuthola umsebenzi omusha, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi bethola amaholo ancishisiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emisha ngemva kokuzenzakalela kungenye imigqa eyisiliva; isibonelo, ukukhuphuka kwama-ATM kuholele ekwehleni kwenani lababalisi bamabhange, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakhuthaza isidingo sabamele isevisi yamakhasimende nezinye izindima zokusekela. 

Kodwa-ke, ijubane nesilinganiso esiyingqayizivele sokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kwesimanje kubangela izinselele ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula kancane komnotho kanye namaholo amile. Lesi simo sibeka inkundla yokungalingani okukhulayo lapho izinzuzo zokuzenzakalela zitholwa ngokulinganayo yilabo abahlonyiswe ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe obusha, okushiya abasebenzi abajwayelekile besesimweni esingesihle. Imithelela ehlukene ye-automation igcizelela ukuphuthuma kwempendulo yenqubomgomo ehlelwe kahle yokweseka abasebenzi ngalolu shintsho. Isisekelo salokhu kusabela ukuqinisa izinhlelo zemfundo nokuqeqesha ukuze kuhlonyiswe abasebenzi ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze bahambe emakethe yezabasebenzi eqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe. 

Usizo lwesikhashana luvela njengesinyathelo sesikhashana esisebenzayo sokweseka abasebenzi abathinteke kabi ngenxa yemishini ezenzakalelayo. Lolu sizo lungase luhlanganise izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kabusha noma ukwesekwa kwemali engenayo phakathi nesigaba soshintsho ukuya emsebenzini omusha. Ezinye izinkampani sezivele zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono ukuze zilungiselele kangcono abasebenzi bazo, njenge-telecom Verizon's Skill Forward, enikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwamahhala kwamakhono obuchwepheshe nathambile ukuze kusizwe abasebenzi bakusasa basungule imisebenzi yobuchwepheshe.

Imithelela ye-automation yabasebenzi

Imithelela ebanzi ye-automation yabasebenzi ingabandakanya: 

• Ukunwetshwa kwezibonelelo ezengeziwe kanye nezinzuzo zabasebenzi, okuhlanganisa amakhredithi entela ezuziwe athuthukisiwe, ukunakekelwa kwezingane okuthuthukisiwe nekhefu elikhokhelwayo, kanye nomshwalense wamaholo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwamaholo okubangelwa ukuzenzekelayo.
• Ukuvela kwezinhlelo ezintsha zemfundo nokuqeqesha, okugxile ekudluliseleni amakhono ahambisana nekusasa njengokuhlaziya idatha, ukubhala ngekhodi, nokusebenzisana okuphumelelayo nemishini nama-algorithms.
• Ohulumeni abagunyaza ukuqashwa ezinkampanini ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi iphesenti elithile lomsebenzi labelwa abasebenzi, okugqugquzela ukuphilisana ngokulinganayo kwabantu kanye nomsebenzi ozenzakalelayo.
• Ushintsho oluphawulekayo ezifisweni zemisebenzi nabasebenzi abengeziwe abaziqeqesha kabusha futhi baqeqeshelwa kabusha ukungena emikhakheni egxile kubuchwepheshe, okubangela ukuchitheka kobuchopho obusha kwezinye izimboni.
• Ukwanda kwezinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu ezimelene nokwanda kokungalingani kwamaholo okubangelwa ama-automation.
• Ushintsho kumamodeli ebhizinisi oluya ekunikezeni izinsizakalo zenani elingeziwe, njengoba okuzenzakalelayo kuthatha imisebenzi evamile, kuthuthukisa ukuzizwisa kwamakhasimende futhi kukhiqize imithombo emisha yemali engenayo.
• Ukuvela kwezimiso zokuziphatha zedijithali njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha kwebhizinisi, ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okumayelana nobumfihlo bedatha, ukuchema kwe-algorithmic, kanye nokusatshalaliswa okunesibopho kobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela.
• Ukulungiswa kabusha okungaba khona kwamathrendi ezibalo ngezindawo zasemadolobheni okungenzeka kufakaze ukwehla kwenani labantu njengoba ukuzenzela kunikeza ukusondela kwendawo ukuze kusebenze okungabalulekile kangako, okuphromotha iphethini yabantu esabalaliswe kakhulu.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakho usengozini yokuba ngokuzenzakalela?
• Ungalungiselela kanjani futhi ukwenza amakhono akho afaneleke lapho ubhekene nokwanda kwe-automation?