Ama-Biocomputers anikwa amandla amaseli obuchopho bomuntu: Isinyathelo esibheke kubuhlakani be-organoid

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• September 27, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Abacwaningi bakha ama-biocomputers besebenzisa ama-organoid obuchopho, anomsebenzi obalulekile wobuchopho nezici zesakhiwo. Lawa ma-biocomputer anamandla okuguqula imithi yomuntu siqu, aqhubekisele phambili ukukhula komnotho ezimbonini ze-biotech, nokudala isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono. Kodwa-ke, ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, imithetho emisha nemithethonqubo, kanye nokubhebhetheka okungenzeka kokungafani kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kumele kubhekwane nayo njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuka.

Ama-Biocomputers anikwe amandla umongo wamaseli obuchopho bomuntu

Abacwaningi abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene bayasebenzisana ukuze bakhe ama-biocomputers aqalwa phansi asebenzisa amasiko amaseli obuchopho anezinhlangothi ezintathu, aziwa ngokuthi ama-organoids obuchopho, njengesisekelo sebhayoloji. Uhlelo lwabo lokufeza lo mgomo luvezwe kundatshana yango-2023 eshicilelwe kujenali yesayensi Imingcele Yesayensi. Ama-organoid obuchopho ayisiko lamaseli akhule elabhorethri. Nakuba zingezona izinguqulo ezincane zobuchopho, zinezici ezibalulekile zokusebenza nokwakheka kobuchopho, njengama-neurons namanye amaseli obuchopho adingekayo kumakhono okuqonda njengokufunda nenkumbulo. 

Ngokusho komunye wababhali, uSolwazi Thomas Hartung waseJohns Hopkins University, kuyilapho amakhompyutha asekelwe ku-silicon ephumelela ekubalweni kwezinombolo, ubuchopho bungabafundi abaphakeme. Wenze isibonelo se-AlphaGo, i-AI eyahlula umdlali we-Go ohamba phambili emhlabeni ngo-2017. I-AlphaGo yaqeqeshwa ngedatha evela emidlalweni engu-160,000, okungathatha umuntu odlala amahora amahlanu nsuku zonke eminyakeni engu-175 ukuze azibonele. 

Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ubuchopho bubafundi abangcono, kodwa futhi bonga amandla. Isibonelo, amandla adingekayo ukuqeqesha i-AlphaGo angasekela umuntu omdala okhuthele iminyaka eyishumi. NgokukaHartung, ubuchopho buphinde bube nekhono elimangalisayo lokugcina ulwazi, okulinganiselwa ku-2,500 terabytes. Ngenkathi amakhompyutha e-silicon efinyelela umkhawulo wawo, ubuchopho bomuntu buqukethe cishe ama-neurons ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 axhunywe ngamaphoyinti angaphezu kuka-10^15 wokuxhuma, umehluko omkhulu wamandla uma uqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obukhona.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Amandla e-organoid intelligence (OI) adlulela ngalé kwekhompuyutha ibe umuthi. Ngenxa yesu lokuphayona elakhiwe ngabakwaNobel Laureates uJohn Gurdon kanye noShinya Yamanaka, ama-organoid obuchopho angakhiqizwa kusuka ezicutshini zabantu abadala. Lesi sici sivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bakhe ama-organoid obuchopho aqondene nawe besebenzisa amasampula esikhumba ezigulini ezinokuphazamiseka kwemizwa njenge-Alzheimer's. Bangakwazi ke ukwenza ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene ukuze bahlole imiphumela yezakhi zofuzo, imithi, nobuthi kulezi zimo.

U-Hartung wachaza ukuthi i-OI ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukutadisha izici zengqondo zezifo zemizwa. Isibonelo, abacwaningi bangaqhathanisa ukwakheka kwenkumbulo kuma-organoid atholakala kubantu abanempilo kanye nalabo abane-Alzheimer's, bezama ukulungisa lokho kusilela okuhlobene. Ukwengeza, i-OI ingase isetshenziselwe ukuphenya ukuthi ingabe izinto ezithile, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, zinesandla yini enkumbulweni noma ezindabeni zokufunda.

Kodwa-ke, ukudala ama-organoid obuchopho bomuntu anekhono lokufunda, ukukhumbula, kanye nokuxhumana nendawo ebazungezile kwethula ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kuphakama imibuzo, njengokuthi ingabe lawa ma-organoid angakwazi yini ukwazi—ngisho nangendlela eyisisekelo—ezwe ubuhlungu noma ukuhlupheka nokuthi yimaphi amalungelo abantu okufanele babe nawo mayelana nama-organoid obuchopho adalwe ngamaseli abo. Abacwaningi bazazi ngokugcwele lezi zinselele. U-Hartung ugcizelele ukuthi isici esibalulekile sombono wabo ukuthuthukisa i-OI ngokuziphatha kanye nokuzibophezela komphakathi. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, abacwaningi baye basebenzisane nezazi zezimiso zokuziphatha kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze basebenzise indlela "yezimiso zokuziphatha egxilile". 

Imithelela yama-biocomputer anikwa amandla amaseli obuchopho bomuntu

Imithelela ebanzi yama-biocomputer anikwe amandla amaseli obuchopho bomuntu ingase ihlanganise: 

• I-Organoid intelligence eholela emithini yomuntu siqu kubantu abanenkinga yokulimala kwengqondo noma izifo, okuvumela ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungabangela ukuthi abantu abadala baphile izimpilo ezizimele ngokunciphisa umthwalo wezifo kanye nezinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe.
• Amathuba amasha okusebenzelana phakathi kwezimboni eziningi nezimboni ze-biotech kanye nemithi, okungase kuholele ekukhuleni komnotho nokudala imisebenzi kule mikhakha.
• Intuthuko ezinhlelweni zezempilo zikazwelonke. Ohulumeni bangase badinge ukutshala imali kulobu buchwepheshe ukuze balondoloze ukuncintisana futhi bathuthukise imiphumela yezempilo yomphakathi, okungaholela ezingxoxweni mayelana nokwabiwa kwezimali kanye nokubeka phambili.
• Ukuqamba okusha kweminye imikhakha, njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amarobhothi, kanye ne-bioinformatics, njengoba abacwaningi befuna ukuhlanganisa i-biocomputation ukuze banwebe noma bathuthukise ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe obukhona. 
• Ukwanda kwesidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono ku-biotechnology nezinkambu ezihlobene. Lolu shintsho lungadinga izinhlelo ezintsha zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kabusha.
• Ukukhathazeka ngezimiso zokuziphatha okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwamaseli omuntu nezicubu ngaphakathi kwe-elekthronikhi, kanye namandla okuxhashazwa kwalobu buchwepheshe ngezinye izinjongo ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezempilo, njengezikhali ze-bioapons noma izithuthukisi zezimonyo.
• Kudingeka imithetho emisha neziqondiso ukuze kubuse ukusetshenziswa, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe, kulinganisa ukuqamba okusha nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuphepha komphakathi.
• Ubuhlakani be-Organoid benza kube kubi kakhulu ukungafani okukhona ekufinyeleleni kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemiphumela, njengoba amazwe acebile kanye nabantu bangazuza kakhulu kubuchwepheshe. Ukubhekana nale nkinga kungase kudinge ukusebenzisana komhlaba wonke kanye nokwabelana ngezisetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwezinzuzo zalobu buchwepheshe.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye izinselelo ezingaba khona ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlakani be-organoid?
• Abacwaningi bangaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi lezi hybrids ze-bio-machine ziyathuthukiswa futhi zisetshenziswa ngokuzibophezela?