Amakhredithi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Ukugxila ekuvikelweni kwesimo sezulu

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 15, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Imvelo yasolwandle idlala indima ebalulekile ekubambeni ikhabhoni futhi ivikele ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lolwandle, igqamisa ukubaluleka kwekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumasu wesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuhlanganisa ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuzinqubomgomo zikazwelonke kanye nezivumelwano zesimo sezulu zamazwe ngamazwe kuphawula ushintsho olukhulu ekuboneni nasekusebenziseni indima yolwandle ekunciphiseni isimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuqaphela amandla aphelele ekhredithi yekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubhekana nezinselelo, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa kwazo ezimakethe zekhabhoni ezikhona kanye nesidingo semiklamo emisha yokonga kanye nokubuyisela.

Umongo wamakhredithi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Imvelo yasolwandle nesogwini, okuhlanganisa imihlume, izimfunda zasolwandle, namaxhaphozi asolwandle, azigcini nje ngokuhlanganisa umjikelezo wekhabhoni womhlaba wonke kodwa futhi zisebenza njengezivikelo zemvelo ekukhuphukeni kwamazinga olwandle. Ngokubona ukubaluleka kwayo, umqondo wekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uchazwe yizinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, njengeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Zemvelo (i-UNEP) kanye neNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo (i-FAO), njengekhabhoni ethathwe imvelo yasolwandle nesogwini lomhlaba. Ukubaluleka kwalezi zimiso zemvelo ekudambiseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuholele ekufakweni kwazo ezinhlelweni zesimo sezulu kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, kugcizelela isidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele ekongiweni nasekubuyiselweni kwazo.

Ukushintshwa kwezinhlelo zekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusukela ekukhulumeni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kukhombisa ukukhula kokuqashelwa kwamandla azo ekudambiseni nasekuzivumelaniseni nesimo sezulu. Amazwe ahlanganisa lezi zinhlelo zemvelo ezinhlelweni zawo zokusebenza kwesimo sezulu ngaphansi kweSivumelwano saseParis, egqamisa indima yekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, i-Australia ne-US ihlanganisa ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezimpokophelweni zabo zokunciphisa ukungcola. Ukuqokwa kwe-COP25 (2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference) njenge "Blue COP" kuphinde kugcizelele indima ebalulekile yolwandle ohlelweni lwesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke kanye nokubaluleka kwezimiso zemvelo zasolwandle emizamweni yokunciphisa isimo sezulu.

Ngaphandle kwamandla amakhredithi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inselele isekuhlanganiseni ngempumelelo nezinhlelo ezikhona zokuhweba nge-emissions (ETS) kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lazo liyabonakala kuzo zombili izimakethe zekhabhoni zokuzithandela nezithobelayo. Izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele ze-blue carbon ecosystem, njengokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokwesekwa kokuvikelwa kogu, zibeka lezi zikweletu ukuze zikhokhele imali eningi emakethe. Ukwengeza, amaphrojekthi okuqala e-Japan, agxile ekulimeni utshani basolwandle kanye nokulima ukhula oluningi, kanye nezindlela zamazwe ngamazwe ezenzelwe ukubuyisela kanye nokongiwa kwamaxhaphozi yizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba amaphrojekthi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezuza amandla, amathuba amasha emisebenzi angase avele kubhayoloji yasolwandle, ukongiwa kwemvelo, kanye nezindawo zokudoba ezisimeme, zibhekelela isidingo esikhulayo sokuthathwa kwekhabhoni kanye nochwepheshe bokulawulwa kwe-ecosystem. Abantu ngabanye bangase bazithole sebejwayela imisebenzi egcizelela ukusimama kwemvelo, okuholela kubasebenzi abangenawo amakhono ezinqubo zendabuko kuphela kodwa futhi abanolwazi ngamasu okunciphisa isimo sezulu. Lolu shintsho lungase futhi lukhuthaze abantu abaningi ukuthi babambe iqhaza emizamweni yokongiwa kwendawo, ukuthuthukisa ukukhuthazela komphakathi ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.

Amabhizinisi okuthutha ngemikhumbi, ezokudoba, kanye namabhizinisi ezokuvakasha asogwini angase adinge ukutshala izimali ezindleleni ezinciphisa izinga le-carbon footprint noma asekele amaphrojekthi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuqondile ukuze ahlangabezane nezinjongo zenkampani yesibopho senhlalakahle futhi athobele imithetho evelayo mayelana nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Lo mkhuba ungaholela ekwakhiweni okusha ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain, lapho izinkampani zibeka phambili ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki abasebenza ngokuzinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezingahlotshaniswa ngokwesiko nemvelo yasolwandle zingase zihlole amakhredithi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze zisuse ukukhishwa kwazo kwekhabhoni, zandise ububanzi bamasu ebhizinisi emvelo.

Ohulumeni bangase bakhe izinhlelo eziphelele zokuphatha izindawo zasogwini ezihlanganisa ikhabhoni eluhlaza njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye namasu okunciphisa. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamazwe kungase kuqiniswe njengoba efuna ukwabelana ngemikhuba engcono kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe, kanye namamodeli okuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okungase kuholele kuzinqubomgomo ezihlangene zomhlaba wonke mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganiswa kwekhredithi yekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungase kube isici esibalulekile sezivumelwano zohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe, kube nomthelela ezingxoxweni ngokufaka ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo ezinqumweni zezomnotho.

Imithelela yamakhredithi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Imithelela ebanzi yamakhredithi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukuxhaswa ngezimali okuthuthukisiwe kwemiklamo yokongiwa kolwandle, okuholela ezinhlelweni zemvelo zasogwini ezinempilo kanye nokwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi eluhlaza ekuphathweni nasekubuyiselweni kogu, okunomthelela ekuhlukaniseni umnotho emiphakathini egudle ugu.
• Ukwenyuka kokugcizelela emfundweni yezemvelo kanye nocwaningo, kugqugquzele isizukulwane ukuthi siqaphele futhi sizibandakanye ezindabeni zesimo sezulu.
• Ukushintsha kwamaphethini okutshalwa kwezimali okuya ezimbonini ezisimeme nezinobungani nemvelo, ezinciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
• Ohulumeni abafaka amasu ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinhlelweni kazwelonke zokusebenza kwesimo sezulu, okuholela ezinjongweni zokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni.
• Ukukhuphuka kwezokuvakasha kwemvelo njengoba izindawo ezisogwini ezibuyiselwe futhi ezivikelwe ziheha izivakashi eziningi, kukhuphula umnotho wendawo ngenkathi kugqugquzelwa ukongiwa kwemvelo.
• Izinguquko ezinhlelweni zokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nemithetho yentuthuko ukuze kuvikelwe i-blue carbon ecosystem, okunomthelela emikhakheni yezindlu nezakhiwo.
• Ukwenyuswa kwentshisekelo yomkhakha kahulumeni kanye nezizimele kubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, kuqhuba ukuqanjwa okusha ezindleleni zokuthinjwa kwekhabhoni esekwe olwandle.
• Izimfuneko eziphakeme zokucutshungulwa kanye nokulawulwa kwezimboni ezithinta imvelo yasogwini, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuhlanzekile kanye nokunciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Amabhizinisi endawo angawahlanganisa kanjani amaphrojekthi ekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emasu abo okusimama ukuze azuze imvelo kanye nomgomo wawo oyinhloko?
• Abantu bangabamba iqhaza noma basekele kanjani izinhlelo zekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emiphakathini yabo?