I-Biology idlala imidlalo: Amagciwane aba ochwepheshe

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 14, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ososayensi baye benza amagciwane akwazi ukufunda ukudlala i-tic-tac-toe, ebonisa amandla okuba amangqamuzana aphilayo enze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kukhomba esikhathini esizayo lapho amasistimu ebhayoloji engase enze imisebenzi efana namasekhethi kagesi, enikeza izindlela ezintsha zezinto ezihlakaniphile kanye nebhayoloji yokubala. Ngenkathi sithembisa ekunakekelweni kwezempilo nakwezolimo ngokwelashwa okuqondene nomuntu siqu kanye nokuqina kwezitshalo, lezi zinguquko ziphinde ziqhubekisele phambili izingxoxo mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha, ukuphepha kwemvelo, kanye nesidingo sezinhlaka zokulawula eziphelele.

I-Biology idlala umongo wemidlalo

E-Spanish National Research Council, abacwaningi balungise ngempumelelo uhlobo lwebhaktheriya i-E. coli ngo-2022, okubenza bakwazi ukudlala kuphela kodwa futhi baphumelele ku-tic-tac-zwane ngokumelene nabaphikisi abangabantu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuwukuhlola okujulile ekudaleni amasistimu ebhayoloji alingisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisetshenziswa kuma-chip chips athuthukile. Lawa ma-chips angalingisa umsebenzi we-synaptic wobuchopho bomuntu, aphakamise amandla entuthuko kubhayoloji yokubala kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile.

Ukuthi la magciwane adlala kanjani amakhophi ezinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo ezintweni eziphilayo nemishini eyinkimbinkimbi. Abacwaningi basungule indlela yokuxhumana lapho amagciwane ekwazi khona 'ukuzwa' ukuqhubeka komdlalo futhi aphendule ngokufanele ngokulawula indawo yamakhemikhali yebhaktheriya. Izilinganiso zamaprotheni eziguquliwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yazo zisiza le nqubo. Ekuqaleni, laba badlali bebhaktheriya benza iminyakazo engahleliwe, kodwa ngemva kwemidlalo eyisishiyagalombili nje yokuqeqeshwa, baqale ukubonisa izinga elimangalisayo lobuchwepheshe, bebonisa amandla esistimu yebhaktheriya ukuze afunde futhi azivumelanise nezimo.

Lokhu kuphumelela kube yisinyathelo esiholela ekuthuthukiseni amanethiwekhi e-neural ayinkimbinkimbi asekelwe ezinhlelweni zamagciwane. Maduze, amasistimu ebhayoloji angase akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, efana nokuqaphela ukubhala ngesandla, ukuvula izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa amasistimu ebhayoloji nawe-elekthronikhi. Intuthuko enjalo igcizelela amandla ebhayoloji yokwenziwa ukuthuthukisa izinto eziphilayo ezingakwazi ukufunda, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, nokusebenzelana nendawo yazo ngezindlela ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, lobu buchwepheshe bungase buholele ekwelashweni okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokomuntu siqu ngokusungula izindlela zokwelapha ezivumelana nezimo ezingase zivele ziphendulele esimweni esishintshayo sesiguli. Kodwa-ke, kunobungozi bemiphumela ebingahlosiwe uma lezi zinhlelo zebhayoloji ziziphatha ngendlela engalindelekile, okungase kuholele ezifweni ezintsha noma ezinkingeni zesimilo mayelana nokuguqulwa kofuzo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungaholela ekufinyeleleni ekwelapheni okuguquguqukayo kodwa kungase kudinge ukugadwa okuqinile kokulawula ukuze kulawuleke izingozi.

Kwezolimo, i-adaptive synthetic biology ithembisa ukuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokudla ngokudala izitshalo ezingakwazi ukujwayela izimo zezulu ezishintshayo, ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo, futhi zikhiqize umkhiqizo onomsoco. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuthembela kumakhemikhali okubulala izinambuzane nomanyolo. Kodwa-ke, ukudedela izinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngofuzo (GMOs) emvelweni kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye namandla okuba nemiphumela engalindelekile yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zezolimo kanye ne-biotechnology zingadinga ukuzulazula ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula kanye nemibono yomphakathi mayelana nama-GMO.

Kohulumeni, inselelo isekudaleni izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukusungulwa kwebhayoloji yokwenziwa ngenkathi kuvikela impilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo. Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kungase kubaluleke ukuze kusungulwe imihlahlandlela yokuthuthukiswa okuphephile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zebhayoloji eziguquguqukayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zisetshenziswa ngokuzibophezela nangokuziphatha. Ukusetshenziswa okukabili kwalolu buchwepheshe, kanye nokusebenza kuzo zombili izizinda zomphakathi nezempi, kwenza imizamo yokulawula ibe nzima nakakhulu. Ukubusa okuphumelelayo kuzodinga inkhulumomphendvulwano eqhubekayo phakathi kososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, kanye nomphakathi ukuze kulinganisele izinzuzo zebhayoloji yokwenziwa eguquguqukayo ngokumelene nezingozi zayo.

Imithelela yebhayoloji idlala imidlalo

Imithelela ebanzi yebhayoloji yokwenziwa efunda futhi ijwayelane nesikhathi ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukuqiniswa kwezitshalo okuthuthukisiwe ngokusebenzisa i-adaptive synthetic biology, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokushoda kokudla kanye nokwanda kokuvikeleka kokudla emhlabeni jikelele.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa okuguquguqukayo okuholela ekweluleni kwesikhathi sokuphila kwabantu kanye nokushintsha amathrendi ezibalo zabantu, njengezibalo zabantu abadala.
• Izinkulumo-mpikiswano zokuziphatha ezikhulayo kanye nezinkulumo zomphakathi mayelana nokuziphatha kokuguqulwa kofuzo, okuthonya izindinganiso zomphakathi kanye nezinkambiso.
• Ohulumeni abasungula ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze babeke izindinganiso zokuziphatha zebhayoloji yokwenziwa.
• Imikhakha yezomnotho emisha igxile ezinsizakalweni zebhayoloji yokwenziwa kanye nemikhiqizo, ethuthukisa ukuqanjwa kabusha nokudala amathuba emisebenzi.
• Izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zezemvelo ukubhekana nemithelela yezemvelo yokudedela ama-GMO endle.
• Ukwanda kokukhathazeka nge-biosecurity, okwenza amazwe atshale izimali ezindleleni zokuzivikela ngokumelene nezinsongo zebhayoloji ezingaba khona.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ibhayoloji yokwenziwa eguquguqukayo ingayishintsha kanjani indlela yakho empilweni nempilo yakho?
• Ukuthuthuka kwe-synthetic biology kungawuguqula kanjani umsebenzi noma imboni yakho?