Amarobhothi e-China: Ikusasa labasebenzi baseShayina

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 23, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Isikhundla seShayina endaweni yomhlaba wonke yamarobhothi sikhule kakhulu, senyukele endaweni yesi-9 ekuminyana kwamarobhothi ngo-2021, sisuka endaweni yama-25 eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambili. Naphezu kokuba imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yamarobhothi, ngo-44% wokufakwa komhlaba wonke ngo-2020, i-China isathola iningi lamarobhothi ayo avela phesheya. Ngokuhambisana nohlelo lwayo lokukhiqiza ngobuhlakani, i-China ihlose ukufaka kudijithali u-70% wabakhiqizi basekhaya ngo-2025, ihlakulele impumelelo kubuchwepheshe bamarobhothi obuyisisekelo, futhi ibe umthombo wokuqamba emhlabeni wonke kumarobhothi. Izwe futhi lihlela ukusungula izindawo zezimboni zamarobhothi ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu, liphinde kabili izinga lokukhiqiza amarobhothi, futhi lisatshalaliswe amarobhothi ezimbonini eziqokiwe ezingama-52. 

I-China robotics umongo

Ngokombiko wangoDisemba 2021 ovela ku-International Federation of Robotics, iChina ikleliswe endaweni yesi-9 ngokuminyana kwamarobhothi—okukalwa ngenani lamayunithi amarobhothi ngabasebenzi abayi-10,000—kusuka ku-25 eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Cishe iminyaka eyishumi, i-China ibilokhu iyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yamarobhothi. Ngo-2020 kuphela, ifake amarobhothi ayi-140,500, okubalwa amaphesenti angama-44 akho konke ukufakwa emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, amarobhothi amaningi abethathwe ezinkampanini nasemazweni angaphandle. Ngo-2019, i-China yathola amaphesenti angama-71 amarobhothi amasha kubahlinzeki bangaphandle, ikakhulukazi i-Japan, i-Republic of Korea, i-Europe kanye ne-United States. Iningi lamarobhothi e-China asetshenziselwa ukusekela imisebenzi yokuphatha, i-electronics, i-welding, kanye nemisebenzi yezimoto.

Njengengxenye yohlelo lwayo lokukhiqiza ngobuhlakani, i-China ihlose ukufaka kudijithali amaphesenti angama-70 abakhiqizi basekhaya ngo-2025 futhi ifuna ukuba ngumthombo womhlaba wonke wokuqamba amarobhothi ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe berobhothi obuyisisekelo kanye nemikhiqizo yamarobhothi esezingeni eliphezulu. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwayo lokuba umholi womhlaba wonke kwezokuzenzakalelayo, izosungula izindawo zezimboni zamarobhothi ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu futhi iphinde kabili amandla okukhiqizwa kwamarobhothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izothuthukisa amarobhothi azosebenza emisebenzini kuzo zonke izimboni eziqokiwe ezingama-52, kusukela emikhakheni yendabuko efana nokwakhiwa kwezimoto kuya ezindaweni ezintsha njengezempilo nemithi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izisebenzi eziguga ngokushesha zingase zidinge i-China ukuthi itshale imali eningi embonini ye-automation. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokuguga laseShayina liyashesha kangangokuthi izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi ngo-2050, iminyaka emaphakathi yaseChina izobe isineminyaka engama-48, okuzobeka cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abantu bezwe noma abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-330 ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65. Nokho, izinqubomgomo ezintsha. futhi izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa imboni yamarobhothi eChina zibonakala zisebenza. Ngo-2020, imali engenayo yokusebenza komkhakha wamarobhothi waseChina yadlula ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-15.7 okokuqala ngqa, kwathi ezinyangeni eziyi-11 zokuqala zika-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwamarobhothi ezimboni eChina kweqa amayunithi angama-330,000, okumaka ukukhula konyaka ngamaphesenti angama-49. . Yize izinhloso zayo zokuvelela zamarobhothi nokuzenzakalela zisukela embangweni wezobuchwepheshe othuthukayo ne-United States, ukuthuthukisa imboni yezwe ezishintshayo e-China cishe kuzokwehlisa ukuthembela kwayo kubahlinzeki bamarobhothi bakwamanye amazwe eminyakeni ezayo.

Nakuba i-China yabele uxhaso olukhulu futhi yamukela izinguquko zenqubomgomo ezinolaka ukuze ifinyelele ukukhula kokuzenzakalela ngo-2025, ukwanda kokungalingani kokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nokuntengantenga kokuthengwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele kungase kuvimbe izinhlelo zayo zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseShayina uphawule ukushoda kokuqoqwa kobuchwepheshe, isisekelo sezimboni esintekenteke, kanye nezinto ezinganele ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengezithiyo ezingaba yizithiyo ohlelweni lwakhe lokukhula kwemboni yamarobhothi. Khonamanjalo, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni kuzonciphisa izithiyo zokungena ezinkampanini ezizimele esikhathini esizayo. Imboni yamarobhothi ingase isho ngokuphawulekayo umkhondo womnotho waseChina eminyakeni ezayo.

Izicelo zamarobhothi e-China

Imithelela ebanzi yokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-robotics yaseChina ingabandakanya: 

• Uhulumeni waseShayina uhlinzeka ngamaphakeji esinxephezelo akhangayo ukuze angenise ochwepheshe nochwepheshe bamarobhothi abanamakhono futhi athuthukise imboni yabo yasekhaya.
• Izinkampani eziningi ezifuywayo zamarobhothi zaseShayina ezisebenzisana nezinkampani zama-software ukukhulisa amandla azo okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwenza lula izinqubo zokukhiqiza.
• Ukwanda kwamarobhothi avumela imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo yaseChina ukuthi inikeze ukunakekelwa kanye nezinsizakalo kubantu asebekhulile be-populatino ngaphandle kwesidingo sabasebenzi abaningi abanakekela asebekhulile.
• Ukwanda kwamaqhinga okubuyisela kabusha kanye namaqhinga okwenza ubungane nguhulumeni waseShayina ukuze kuvikelwe uchungechunge lwakhe lokuhlinzeka ngemboni yamarobhothi emhlabeni jikelele.
• Ukwanda kwesidingo sabathuthukisi be-software yezobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nochwepheshe emnothweni waseShayina.
• I-China ingakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sayo “njengemboni yomhlaba wonke,” ibheja ngokuthi ingakwazi ukwenza amandla okukhiqiza ezwe ngokuzenzakalela (ngalokho igcine izindleko ziphansi) ngaphambi kokuba izinkampani eziphezulu zakwamanye amazwe ziguqule ukusebenza kwazo ziye emazweni amancane anabasebenzi abancane, abathengekayo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi i-China ingaba umholi womhlaba kwe-automation ngo-2025?
• Ucabanga ukuthi i-automation ingasiza ekwehliseni umthelela wokuguga nokuncipha kwabasebenzi babantu?