Imidiya yokwenziwa eHollywood: I-reel noma engelona iqiniso?

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 16, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Imidiya yokwenziwa iguqula indlela ye-Hollywood yokwenza ifilimu ngokunika amandla ukudalwa kwabalingisi bedijithali nezigcawu ezifana nempilo, ilungisa kabusha indlela izindaba ezixoxwa ngayo nezihlangatshezwana ngayo. Kodwa-ke, le ntuthuko iletha izinselelo, okuhlanganisa nokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha ngokusebenzisa ukufana kwedijithali namandla okudala okuqukethwe okudukisayo. Njengoba imboni ijwayela, kunokwakheka kwezwe okuthuthukayo kwemisebenzi, amasu okuxoxa izindaba, kanye nesidingo sezinhlaka zezomthetho ezintsha.

Imidiya yokwenziwa kumongo waseHollywood

Imidiya yokwenziwa iya ngokuya iba nomthelela eHollywood, ilungisa kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwefilimu yendabuko nezindlela zokudala okuqukethwe. E-Hollywood, imidiya yokwenziwa isetshenziswa ukuze kukhiqizwe abalingiswa bedijithali abangokoqobo, indawo ezungezile, nemiphumela ekhethekile, inselele imingcele evamile yokwenza amafilimu. Le ndlela ivumela ukudala izigcawu nezinhlamvu okungaba nzima noma okungenzeki ukuzikhiqiza kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko. Isibonelo, imidiya yokwenziwa inike amandla ukuzijabulisa kwabalingisi abaphuzile ezigcawini ezintsha, ihlinzeka ngenhlanganisela ye-nostalgia kanye nezimangaliso zobuchwepheshe. 

Isisekelo sobuchwepheshe semidiya yokwenziwa eHollywood sincike kuma-algorithms wobuhlakani bokwenziwa obuyinkimbinkimbi (AI). Lawa ma-algorithms, ikakhulukazi lawo asekelwe ekufundeni okujulile (i-DL), angahlaziya amasethi edatha abanzi wezithombe zefilimu ezikhona nemifanekiso ukuze kwakhe okuqukethwe okusha, okunesithombe sangempela. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwemiphumela ephindwe kabili yedijithali noma yokususa ukuguga, lapho inguqulo yomlingisi omncane ingavezwa ngendlela ekholisayo (isb., i-Harrison Ford e-Indiana Jones kanye ne-Dial of Destiny). Ukunemba kobuchwepheshe ekuthwebuleni isimo sobuso nokunyakaza kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezinto zokwenziwa ezithombeni ezibukhoma. 

Naphezu kwamandla ayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya yokwenziwa eHollywood kuhambisana nezinselele nokukhathazeka. Okubalulekile phakathi kwalokhu yinkinga yobuqiniso kanye namandla okudala okuqukethwe okudukisayo, ikakhulukazi ngokunyuka kwama-deepfakes. IHollywood iphinde ibambene nemiphumela yesimilo yokusebenzisa ukufana nomlingisi, ikakhulukazi emifanekisweni yangemuva kokushona (isb., uCarrie Fisher kwethi The Rise of Skywalker). Ukushintsha abalingisi bangemuva ngokuphindwe kabili kwe-AI kungenye into ekhathazayo ebalulekile, njengoba kugqanyiswe esitelekeni sango-2023 se-SAG-AFTRA. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Imidiya yokwenziwa eHollywood iphakamisa ushintsho olukhulu ekudalweni nasekusetshenzisweni kokuqukethwe. Ivumela abenzi bamafilimu ukuthi beqe imikhawulo engokomzimba neyesikhashana, okuvumela ukudalwa kwezigcawu nabalingisi ngaphezu kobubanzi bokwenziwa kwefilimu yendabuko. Lokhu kuthambekela kungase kuholele enkathini lapho abantu bomlando nabalingisi besikhathi esidlule bengavezwa khona ngendlela engokoqobo emikhiqizweni emisha, banikeze imibono emisha yokuxoxa izindaba (futhi benze lezo zinhlelo “ezihlukahlukene” zisebenze).

Kubasebenzi baseHollywood, izindima zemisebenzi zingavela, ngesidingo esikhulayo samakhono ku-AI nokudalwa kokuqukethwe kwedijithali. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube namathuba ancishisiwe ezindimeni zendabuko, ezifana nezimonyo, ukwakheka kwesethi, nokusebenza kwe-stunt. Lolu shintsho ludinga ukugxila ekuqeqeshweni kabusha nasekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono ukuze ochwepheshe bemboni bahlale befanelekile naphezu kwe-AI, okuhlanganisa nokuvikela amalungelo abadlali okuzuza kunoma yikuphi ukufana kwedijithali phakade.

Ngokombono womphakathi, ukukhuphuka kwemidiya yokwenziwa kuphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile yokuziphatha neyokulawula. Kunesidingo sezinkombandlela ezicacile kanye nezinhlaka zezimiso zokuziphatha zokulawula ukusetshenziswa kokuphindwe kabili kwedijithali, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokufa. Amandla okusetshenziswa kabi ekudaleni okuqukethwe okudukisayo futhi adinga ubuchwepheshe bokubona obuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinyathelo zokufundisa imidiya ukusiza izethameli zibone okwangempela kokuqukethwe kokwenziwa. 

Imithelela yemidiya yokwenziwa eHollywood

Imithelela ebanzi yemidiya yokwenziwa eHollywood ingafaka: 

• Amaqiniso athuthukisiwe ekukhiqizweni kwamamuvi, okuholela kumafilimu acwilayo naheha ngokubukeka.
• Ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha nezindlela zokuxoxa izindaba, okusebenzisa amandla okudala noma yisiphi isigcawu noma umlingiswa.
• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwabalingisi bedijithali ezigcawini eziyingozi noma ezingenakwenzeka, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha ekukhiqizweni kwefilimu.
• Ukukhathazeka okungaba khona kwezimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nokuvezwa kwabalingisi abashonile, okuholela ezingxoxweni ngamalungelo angemva kokufa kanye nemvume.
• Ukwakhiwa kwemithetho emisha nemithethonqubo yokubhekana nokusetshenziswa kokuziphatha kwemidiya yokwenziwa kanye nama-deepfakes.
• Ukufinyeleleka okuthuthukile kumathuluzi okukhiqiza ekhwalithi ephezulu ezitudiyo ezincane nabakhi bamafilimu abazimele, ukukhiqizwa kwefilimu ngentando yeningi.
• Izinzuzo ezingaba khona zemvelo ngokunciphisa isidingo samasethi aphathekayo, ama-props, nokuqoshwa kwendawo.
• Abalingisi ngokuzithandela benza ama-digital double abo ukuze bandise amathuba abo okuthola imali.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwemidiya yokwenziwa eHollywood kungaba namthelela muni emakhonweni endabuko nezindima embonini yamafilimu?
• Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi izinhlaka zesimilo nezomthetho ziguquke ukuze kubhekwane nezinselelo ezilethwa abezindaba zokwenziwa, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokusebenzisa isimo somuntu?