Imifelandawonye yezobuchwepheshe yamasu amasha: Ingabe lezi zinhlelo zomhlaba zingayinqoba ipolitiki?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 23, 2023

Ukuzimela kwamasu kumayelana nokulawula ukusebenza, ulwazi, namandla. Kodwa-ke, akwenzeki njalo noma kufiseleka ukuthi izwe elilodwa noma izwekazi lifinyelele le migomo ngesandla esisodwa. Ngalesi sizathu, amazwe adinga ubudlelwano nezinhlangano ezinomqondo ofanayo. Kudingeka ibhalansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imifelandawonye ayipheli ngempi ebandayo entsha.

Umongo omusha wemifelandawonye yezobuchwepheshe

Ukulawulwa kobuchwepheshe obuthile kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe ubukhosi bezwe. Futhi emhlabeni wedijithali, kunenombolo efanelekile yalezi zinhlelo zokuzimela zamasu: ama-semiconductors, ubuchwepheshe be-quantum, ezokuxhumana nge-5G/6G, ukuhlonza nge-elekthronikhi kanye nekhompyutha ethembekile (EIDTC), izinsiza zamafu nezikhala zedatha (CSDS), nezinkundla zokuxhumana nezokwenziwa. ubuhlakani (SN-AI). 

Ngokocwaningo lwango-2021 lweNyuvesi yase-Stanford, amazwe entando yeningi kufanele akhe lezi zivumelwano zobuchwepheshe ngokuvumelana neSimemezelo Sendawo Yonke Samalungelo Abantu kanye Nesivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Samalungelo Omphakathi Nezepolitiki. Kusemazweni athuthukile ezomnotho, afana ne-US kanye ne-European Union (EU), ukuhola imifelandawonye enjalo esekelwe ezenzweni ezinobulungiswa, okuhlanganisa nokusungula izinqubomgomo zokubusa kwezobuchwepheshe. Lezi zinhlaka ziqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI nokufunda komshini (ML) kuhlala kunezimiso zokuziphatha futhi kuzinzile.

Kodwa-ke, ekuphishekeleni lokhu kusebenzisana kwezobuchwepheshe, kuye kwaba nezimo ezithile zokungezwani kwezwe. Isibonelo singoDisemba 2020, lapho i-EU isayina isivumelwano sokutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidigidi zamadola neChina, lapho abaphathi baseMelika ngaphansi kukamongameli uBiden basigxeka. 

Izwe laseMelika kanye neChina bebebambe iqhaza emjahweni wengqalasizinda ye-5G, lapho womabili la mazwe ezame ukunxenxa amazwe asathuthuka kwezomnotho ukuthi ayeke ukusebenzisa izinsiza zezimbangi zawo. Akusizi ukuthi i-China ibihola ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha be-quantum ngenkathi i-US ibihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AI, okwandisa ukungathembani phakathi kwala mazwe womabili njengoba elwela ukuba umholi ovelele kwezobuchwepheshe.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngokocwaningo lwaseStanford, imifelandawonye yezobuchwepheshe yamasu kufanele ibeke amazinga omhlaba wonke ezobuchwepheshe futhi ihambisane nalezi zinyathelo zokuphepha. Lezi zinqubomgomo zifaka phakathi amabhentshimakhi, izitifiketi, nokuhambisana. Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile siwukuqinisekisa i-AI enesibopho, lapho kungekho neyodwa inkampani noma izwe elingabusa ubuchwepheshe futhi lisebenzise ama-algorithms ukuze lizuze.

Ngo-2022, ngemva kokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine, i-Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS) yashicilela umbiko ngezinyathelo eziya phambili zokubambisana phakathi kwezinhlangano zezombusazwe, izimboni, kanye nochwepheshe. Umbiko Wezivumelwano Zokusebenza Zezobuchwepheshe Ze-Autonomy unikeza isibuyekezo mayelana nesimo samanje nezinyathelo ezilandelayo okudingeka zithathwe ukuze i-EU iphinde izimele.

I-EU ihlonze amazwe afana ne-US, Canada, Japan, South Korea, kanye ne-India njengabangabambisene nabo kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuphatheni amakheli e-inthanethi emhlabeni wonke kuya ekusebenzeni ngokubambisana ukuze kugwenywe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Indawo lapho i-EU imema khona ukusebenzisana okwengeziwe komhlaba wonke ama-semiconductors. Inyunyana ihlongoze uMthetho we-EU Chips ukuze kwakhiwe izimboni ezengeziwe ukuze zisekele amandla ekhompuyutha akhulayo futhi zinganciki e-China.

Imifelandawonye yamasu njengalolu cwaningo nokuthuthukiswa okuthuthukile, ikakhulukazi kumandla aluhlaza, indawo amazwe amaningi azama ngayo ukuyilandela ngokushesha. Njengoba i-Europe izama ukuzikhipha igesi namafutha aseRussia, lezi zinyathelo ezizinzile zizodingeka kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukwakha amapayipi e-hydrogen, izinjini zomoya ezingasogwini, kanye namapulazi amaphaneli elanga.

Imithelela yemifelandawonye yezobuchwepheshe yamasu amasha

Imithelela ebanzi yemifelandawonye yezobuchwepheshe yamasu entsha ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukusebenzisana okuhlukahlukene komuntu ngamunye kanye nesifunda phakathi kwamazwe nezinkampani ukwabelana ngezindleko zocwaningo nentuthuko.
• Imiphumela esheshayo yocwaningo lwesayensi, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa kanye nokwelapha ngofuzo.
• Ukukhula kokungezwani phakathi kweShayina kanye nengxenye ye-US-EU njengoba lezi zinhlangano ezimbili zizama ukwakha ithonya lobuchwepheshe emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi.
• Izomnotho ezisafufusa zibambeka ezinxushunxushwini ezihlukahlukene zezwe, okuholela ekushintsheni kokwethembeka nezijeziso.
• I-EU ikhulisa uxhaso lwayo lokubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke kumandla asimeme, ivule amathuba emazweni ase-Afrika nase-Asia.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Izwe lakho lisebenzisana kanjani nezinye izizwe ku-R&D yobuchwepheshe?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo nezinselele zemifelandawonye yezobuchwepheshe?